Cat. No.: HY-N0300

Tetrahydropalmatine

(Synonyms: DL-Tetrahydropalmatine)

3 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 2934-97-6
Formula: C₂₁H₂₅NO₄
Molecular Weight:355.43

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Tetrahydropalmatine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2934-97-6

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Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (3)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats^[1].

IC₅₀ & Target

Dopamine^[1]

All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
THP-1	IC₅₀	14.98 nM Compound: 2	Inhibition of tissue factor procoagulant activity in LPS-stimulated human THP1 cells preincubated for 1 hr before LPS addition measured after 5 hrs Inhibition of tissue factor procoagulant activity in LPS-stimulated human THP1 cells preincubated for 1 hr before LPS addition measured after 5 hrs	[PMID: 23199480]

In Vivo

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP), an active component isolated from corydalis (a Chinese herbal medicine), possesses analgesic effects. Picrotoxin treatment alone has a significant effect on the following activity measure: there is an increase in horizontal motion time (HMT), vertical motion time (VMT), clockwise turnings (CT), anticlockwise turning (ACT) and a decrease in freezing time (FT). Tetrahydropalmatine treatment alone causes a decrease in HMT, VMT and total distance traveled (TDT), but an increase in FT. Pretreatment of rats with an i.p. dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg of Tetrahydropalmatine significantly attenuates the Picrotoxin-induced enhancement in HMT, VMT, CT, ACT and TDT, as well as reduction in FT. Another 48 rats under urethane anesthesia are randomly divided into six groups, each of eight rats. The s.c. injection of Picrotoxin causes an increase in amygdaloid release of dopamine (DA), while i.p. injection of Tetrahydropalmatine at 10 mg/kg has an insignificant effect on amygdaloid release of DA. Again, the Picrotoxin-induced increase in amygdaloid release of DA is significantly attenuated by pretreatment with Tetrahydropalmatine. The Picrotoxin-induced augmented amygdaloid release of DA is almost completely abolished by pretreatment with Tetrahydropalmatine 30 min before s.c. injection of Picrotoxin^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2934-97-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 355.43
Formula C₂₁H₂₅NO₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

COC1=CC=C2C(CN3CCC4=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C4C3C2)=C1OC
Synonyms

DL-Tetrahydropalmatine
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (3)

All Bio/Physico-chemical AssayIn Vivo ImagingCell Imaging/StainingIHC

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Journal Impact Factor

J Anim Sci

Polyamines protect boar sperm from oxidative stress in vitro. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 1;100(4):skac069. PMID: 35247050

Tetrahydropalmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Anim Sci. 2022 Apr 1;100(4):skac069. [Abstract]

The accumulation of spermine or spermidine in boar sperm was inhibited by 60 μmol/L quinidine or 60 μmol/L Tetrahydropalmatine (THP), but neither 60 μmol/L mildronate nor 60 μmol/L l-carnitine.

Tetrahydropalmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Anim Sci. 2022 Apr 1;100(4):skac069. [Abstract]

SM-FITC or SD-FITC in the sperm was significantly decreased after the supplementation of 60 μmol/L quinidine or 60 μmol/L Tetrahydropalmatine (THP).
Chem Biol Drug Des

Tetrahydropalmatine Alleviates Osteoarthritis-Associated Pain and Inflammation by Suppressing KDM4A/MDM2/HIF-1α-Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization. [Abstract]

2026 Mar;107(3):e70279. PMID: 41857767
Biomed Pharmacother

Tetrahydropalmatine: Orchestrating survival - Regulating autophagy and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in perforator flaps. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 31:169:115887. PMID: 37984303

Tetrahydropalmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115887. [Abstract]

High-definition digital photos and Doppler images illustrating flap survival and necrosis areas on days 0 and 7 for both the control and Tetrahydropalmatine (THP, 2 mg/kg) groups.

Tetrahydropalmatine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115887. [Abstract]

IHC for CD34-positive microvessels in the choke II region of the control and Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) groups (200X); scale bar, 100 µm.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (46.90 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.8135 mL

14.0675 mL

28.1349 mL

5 mM

0.5627 mL

2.8135 mL

5.6270 mL

10 mM

0.2813 mL

1.4067 mL

2.8135 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.70 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.70 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.70 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Animal Administration^[1]

Rats^[1]
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-320 g, are used in the present study. The animals are housed in a temperature-regulated (22±1°C) room on 12:12 h light/dark cycles with food and water available ad libitum. The light is turned on at 06:00 h and turned off at 18:00 h. At least two major groups of animals are studied. (1) Vehicle-treated rats: received an i.p. injection of 0.9% saline plus Picrotoxin (3-4 mg/kg, s.c.). (2) Tetrahydropalmatine-treated rats: receive an injection of Tetrahydropalmatine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) plus Picrotoxin (3-4 mg/kg, s.c.). The effects of s.c. administration of Picrotoxin or Tetrahydropalmatine on locomotor activity are assessed in unanesthetized rats. On the other hand, the effects of Picrotoxin or Tetrahydropalmatine on amygdaloid DA release are assessed in rats under urethane (1.4 g/kg, i.p.) anesthesia^[1].
Seventy-two unanesthetized rats are randomly divided into nine groups, each of eight rats. The animals are adapted to the behavior apparatus for 30 min before an injection of Picrotoxin (3 or 4 mg/kg, s.c.), Tetrahydropalmatine (10 or 15 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. Then, the locomotor activities of these rats are recorded during the 30-min period following the injections^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (275 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Chang CK, et al. DL-Tetrahydropalmatine may act through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Jul 20;307(3):163-6. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.8135 mL	14.0675 mL	28.1349 mL	70.3373 mL
	5 mM	0.5627 mL	2.8135 mL	5.6270 mL	14.0675 mL
	10 mM	0.2813 mL	1.4067 mL	2.8135 mL	7.0337 mL
	15 mM	0.1876 mL	0.9378 mL	1.8757 mL	4.6892 mL
	20 mM	0.1407 mL	0.7034 mL	1.4067 mL	3.5169 mL
	25 mM	0.1125 mL	0.5627 mL	1.1254 mL	2.8135 mL
	30 mM	0.0938 mL	0.4689 mL	0.9378 mL	2.3446 mL
	40 mM	0.0703 mL	0.3517 mL	0.7034 mL	1.7584 mL

Keywords

Tetrahydropalmatine

3 Cited Publications

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Tetrahydropalmatine

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Tetrahydropalmatine

All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (3)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Tetrahydropalmatine Related Classifications

HY-N0300 Related Classifications