2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149238
    Topo II/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Topo II/HDAC-IN-1 (7d) exhibits excellent dual inhibitory activities against Topo II and HDAC. Topo II/HDAC-IN-1 (8d) induces apoptosis.
    Topo II/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-146539
    HDAC-IN-35
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-35 (Compound 14) is a potent, selective HDAC and VEGFR-2 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.166 and 13.2 µM for HDAC6 and VEGFR-2, respectively.
    HDAC-IN-35
  • HY-147991
    PDE5/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PDE5/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 26) is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 46.3 nM and 14.5 nM, respectively. PDE5/HDAC-IN-1 induces cell apoptosis and shows anticancer activities.
    PDE5/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-123971
    HDAC6 degrader-4
    		Degrader
    HDAC6 degrader-4 is a PROTAC and a selective HDAC6 degrader consists of a non-selective HDAC inhibitor and thalidomide-type E3 ligase ligand. HDAC6 degrader-4 can be used for cancer research.
    HDAC6 degrader-4
  • HY-172133
    HDAC3-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC3-IN-6 (Compound SC26) is a selective HDAC3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 53 nM. HDAC3-IN-6 dose-dependently induces the expression of PD-L1. HDAC3-IN-6 induces more pronounced Apoptosis and production of ROS. HDAC3-IN-6 exhibits high antitumor efficacy against colorectal cancer.
    HDAC3-IN-6
  • HY-181577
    HDAC6-IN-73
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-73 is a highly potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.007 μM ± 0.001, ~1771-fold selectivity over HDAC1, ~131-fold selectivity over HDAC8, and antiproliferative activity in hematological cancer cell lines.HDAC6-IN-73 can be used for the research of hematological malignancies.
    HDAC6-IN-73
  • HY-173520
    EGFR/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    EGFR/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 22c2) is a potent dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) with IC50 values of 4.81 nM, 119.4 nM and 354.8 nM for EGFR, HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. EGFR/HDAC-IN-1 blocks the EGFR signaling pathway and affects the histone acetylation status, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. EGFR/HDAC-IN-1 is promising for research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    EGFR/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-146351
    HDAC-IN-38
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-38 (compound 13) is a potent HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-38 shows similar micro-molar inhibitory activity toward HDAC1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. HDAC-IN-38 increases cerebral blood flow (CBF), attenuates cognitive impairment, and improves hippocampal atrophy. HDAC-IN-38 also increases the level of histone acetylation (H3K14 or H4K5).
    HDAC-IN-38
  • HY-163369
    HDAC6-IN-35
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-35 (compound C4 (ZINC000077541942)) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor with the IC50 of 4.7 μM. HDAC6-IN-35 shows cell toxicity against MDA-MB-231 with EC50 of 40.6 μM.
    HDAC6-IN-35
  • HY-180811
    ALK/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    ALK/HDAC-IN-2 (Compound 19b) is an ALK/HDAC inhibitor with IC₅₀ values for ALK WT and total HDACs of 8 nM and 1.18 μM, respectively. ALK/HDAC-IN-2 exhibits inhibitory activity against ALK mutants G1202R, F1174L, and L1196M, with IC₅₀ values of 2.74, 9.23, and 34.28 nM, respectively. ALK/HDAC-IN-2 shows potent and selective inhibition against HDAC1 (IC₅₀ = 0.24 μM), while its inhibitory activity against HDAC7, HDAC6, and HDAC11 is weak (IC₅₀ > 10 μM). ALK/HDAC-IN-2 has broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cells, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. ALK/HDAC-IN-2 can be used for the study of neuroblastoma.
    ALK/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-P11678
    HDAC-IN-100
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-100 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.038 μM against HDAC1, 0.283 μM against HDAC2, and 0.586 μM against HDAC3. HDAC-IN-100 acts as a chemosensitizer and apoptosis inducer, activates caspase 3/7, and reverses Cisplatin (HY-17394) resistance. HDAC-IN-100 exerts antiproliferative effects in ovarian cancer cells and squamous cancer cells. HDAC-IN-100 is applicable for research related to ovarian cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, and Cisplatin (HY-17394)-resistant squamous cell carcinoma.
    HDAC-IN-100
  • HY-176904
    JPS004
    		Degrader
    JPS004 is a HDAC1-3 PROTAC degrader. JPS004 can induce degradation of HDAC1-3 and induce histone acetylation. JPS004 can induce cancer cells apoptosis. JPS004 can be used for the research of cancer. (Structure Note: Pink: HDAC1-3 ligand (HY-50934); Blue: VHL ligand (HY-125845); HDAC1-3 ligand-Linker: (HY-176905))
    JPS004
  • HY-108919
    CG-1521
    		Inhibitor
    CG-1521 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that stabilizes Ac-Lys373 P53, increases P21 levels and HDAC2 degradation. CG-1521 can inhibit proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CG-1521 promotes Bax translocation to the mitochondria and cleavage. CG-1521 downregulates KIF4, Aurora B and Nek2 protein expression and DNA synthesis. CG-1521 can be used for the research of prostate cancer and inflammatory breast cancer.
    CG-1521
  • HY-155328
    GK444
    		Inhibitor
    GK444 (Compound 15a) is a HDAC1/2 inhibitor (IC50: 100 and 92 nM for HDAC1/2 respectively). GK444 inhibits Caco-2 cells with IC50 of 4.1 μM. GK444 also reduces TGF-β1 induced COL1A1 mRNA levels in primary normal human lung fibroblasts. GK444 inhibits Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced lung fibrosis in mice.
    GK444
  • HY-147966
    HDAC-IN-43
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-43 is a potent HDAC 1/3/6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 82, 45, and 24 nM, respectively. HDAC-IN-43 is a weak PI3K/mTOR inhibitors with IC50 values of 3.6 and 3.7 μM, respectively. HDAC-IN-43 shows broad anti-proliferative activity .
    HDAC-IN-43
  • HY-177776
    HDAC-IN-97
    		Degrader
    HDAC-IN-97 is a PROTAC HDAC6 degrader-6that can be used for synthesis of PROTACs, such as HDAC6 degrader-6 (HY-177758). HDAC6 degrader-6 is a potent HDAC6 PROTAC degrader with anticancer activity.
    HDAC-IN-97
  • HY-172873
    HDSI-18
    		Inhibitor
    HDSI-18 is an orally active HDAC6 selective inhibitor (IC50: 1.6 nM). HDSI-18 is cytotoxic to K562, MV4-11, MOLM-13, THP-1, and Jurkat cells (IC50: 0.48, 0.58, 0.91, 1.79, and 4.31 μM, respectively). HDSI-18 activates Caspase-3, induces mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis, and has antitumor activity.
    HDSI-18
  • HY-150500
    HDAC-IN-44
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-44 is a HDAC inhibitor with the IC50 value of 61.2 nM.
    HDAC-IN-44 shows high anticancer activity towards multiple cancer cell lines.
    HDAC-IN-44
  • HY-RS06063
    Hdac10 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac10 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac10 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac10 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-W723834
    Sodium butyrate-d5
    Sodium butyrate-d5 (Butanoic acid-d5 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Sodium butyrate (HY-B0350A). Sodium Butyrate (sodium butanoate) is an inhibitor of HDAC, possessing anti-tumor activity.
    Sodium butyrate-d<sub>5</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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