Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride  (Synonyms: Malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride; Oenin chloride)

Malvidin-3-glucoside (Malvidin-3-O-glucoside; Oenin) chloride is an orally active inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, which blocks inflammatory responses induced by TNF-α, reduces IκB-α degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, and upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS to increase NO production. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory molecules such as MCP-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6, and regulating intestinal microorganisms and metabolites, while protecting endothelial cells and improving intestinal microecological dysbiosis under inflammatory conditions. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride can be used to study chronic inflammatory-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, and has the potential to prevent vascular inflammation and improve intestinal health^[1][2][3].

Malvidin-3-glucoside (1, 10, 50, 100 μM; pretreatment for 18 h + TNF-α stimulation for 6 h) inhibits TNF-α-induced MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 protein and mRNA expressions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner, reduces IκB-α degradation and inhibits NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear translocation^[1].
Malvidin-3-glucoside (25 μM; pretreatment 14 h+ ONOO^- aggression) upregulates eNOS mRNA and activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), increases NO production, while inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced iNOS, COX-2 expression and IL-6 production, and blocking NF-κB activation^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Malvidin-3-glucoside (24 mg/kg diet; dietary supplementation; daily ad libitum; 50 days) improves colon tissue pathological damage in the DSS (HY-116282)-induced colitis model in mice, upregulates the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, regulates the intestinal microbial composition (restoring the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and reducing the abundance of pathogenic Ruminococci), and reshapes the intestinal metabolome (reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites such as ceramide)^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

528.89

C₂₃H₂₅ClO₁₂

7228-78-6

Solid

Brown to black

OC1=CC2=C(C=C(C(C3=CC(OC)=C(C(OC)=C3)O)=[O+]2)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)C(O)=C1.[Cl-]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

• [1]. Huang WY, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of the blueberry anthocyanins malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-galactoside in endothelial cells. Molecules. 2014 Aug 21;19(8):12827-41.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Paixão J, et al. Malvidin-3-glucoside protects endothelial cells up-regulating endothelial NO synthase and inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced NF-kB activation. Chem Biol Interact. 2012 Sep 30;199(3):192-200.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Liu F, et al. Malvidin 3-Glucoside Modulated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Global Metabolome Disrupted in a Murine Colitis Model Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Nov;63(21):e1900455.  [Content Brief]