Cat. No.: HY-N0100

Naringenin

23 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 23 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.28%
CAS No.: 480-41-1
Formula: C₁₅H₁₂O₅
Molecular Weight:272.25

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Naringenin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 480-41-1

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (23)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in Citrus reticulata Blanco; displays strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringenin has anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity.

All PPAR Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18440233]
B16-BL6	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-BL6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-BL6 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18440233]
BJ	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
C8166	CC₅₀	141.6 μg/mL Compound: 6	Cytotoxicity against human C8166 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human C8166 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24794743]
C8166	EC₅₀	9.47 μg/mL Compound: 6	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human C8166 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by measuring syncytial cell number after 3 days by inverted microscopic analysis Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human C8166 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by measuring syncytial cell number after 3 days by inverted microscopic analysis	[PMID: 24794743]
CCRF-CEM	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
Col2	EC₅₀	>1 x 10³ nM Compound: naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human Col2 cells Cytotoxicity against human Col2 cells	[PMID: 15043407]
DLD-1	IC₅₀	>25 μM Compound: 9	Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells	[PMID: 18039011]
H9	EC₅₀	92 μM Compound: 19	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 3 days by p24 antigen capture assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 3 days by p24 antigen capture assay	[PMID: 8158164]
H9	IC₅₀	294 μM Compound: 19	Cytotoxicity against human H9 cells after 3 days Cytotoxicity against human H9 cells after 3 days	[PMID: 8158164]
HEK293	IC₅₀	14.4 μM Compound: 12	Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol	[PMID: 18533708]
HEK293	IC₅₀	4.96 μM Compound: 12	Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol	[PMID: 18533708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>25 μM Compound: 9	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells	[PMID: 18039011]
HeLa	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18440233]
HeLa	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
HL-60	IC₅₀	413.7 μM Compound: Naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 46 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 46 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23756061]
HSC-2	CC₅₀	0.55 mM Compound: 19	Cytotoxicity against human HSC2 cells Cytotoxicity against human HSC2 cells	[PMID: 11170668]
HT-1080	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18440233]
HUVEC	ED₅₀	>1 x 10³ nM Compound: naringenin	Cytotoxicity against HUVEC Cytotoxicity against HUVEC	[PMID: 15043407]
Jurkat	IC₅₀	41.6 μM Compound: Naringenin	Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of human 26S proteasome in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC as substrate after 24 hrs by fluorescence based method Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of human 26S proteasome in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC as substrate after 24 hrs by fluorescence based method	[PMID: 30776692]
Jurkat	IC₅₀	48.8 μM Compound: Naringenin	Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of purified human 20S proteasome expressed in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC as substrate incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence based method Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of purified human 20S proteasome expressed in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC as substrate incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence based method	[PMID: 30776692]
KB	ED₅₀	>1 x 10³ nM Compound: naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	[PMID: 15043407]
KB	ED₅₀	2.71 μg/mL Compound: narigenin	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	[PMID: 8450317]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	≥11.3 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against multi-drug resistant mouse L5178Y cells transfected with ABCB1 gene assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against multi-drug resistant mouse L5178Y cells transfected with ABCB1 gene assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33038666]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	≥11.3 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against parental mouse L5178Y cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against parental mouse L5178Y cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33038666]
Lewis lung carcinoma cell line	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against mouse LLC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse LLC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18440233]
LNCaP	ED₅₀	>1 x 10³ nM Compound: naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells	[PMID: 15043407]
Lu1	ED₅₀	>1 x 10³ nM Compound: naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human Lu1 cells Cytotoxicity against human Lu1 cells	[PMID: 15043407]
MCF7	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
MCF7	IC₅₀	5.1 μM Compound: Naringenin	Inhibition of aromatase in human MCF7 cells using [1beta-3H]androstenedione as substrate measured after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method Inhibition of aromatase in human MCF7 cells using [1beta-3H]androstenedione as substrate measured after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method	[PMID: 27155469]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Naringenin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 6 days by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 6 days by SRB assay	[PMID: 33257172]
NALM-6	IC₅₀	426.3 μM Compound: Naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human NALM6 cells after 46 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human NALM6 cells after 46 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23756061]
Neutrophil	IC₅₀	3.3 μM Compound: 66	Inhibition of fMLF/CB-induced human Neutrophil activation assessed as reduction in superoxide anion Inhibition of fMLF/CB-induced human Neutrophil activation assessed as reduction in superoxide anion	[PMID: 37683361]
Neutrophil	IC₅₀	5.3 μM Compound: 66	Inhibition of fMLF/CB-induced human Neutrophil activation assessed as reduction in elastase release Inhibition of fMLF/CB-induced human Neutrophil activation assessed as reduction in elastase release	[PMID: 37683361]
PLC-PRF-5	ED₅₀	2.47 μg/mL Compound: narigenin	Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells	[PMID: 8450317]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	60 μM Compound: 11	Inhibition of LPS/INF-gamma-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 16 hrs Inhibition of LPS/INF-gamma-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 16 hrs	[PMID: 27955927]
RPMI-8226	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
TERT-RPE1	ED₅₀	>1 x 10³ nM Compound: naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human telomerase reverse transcriptase expressing human RPE1 cells Cytotoxicity against human telomerase reverse transcriptase expressing human RPE1 cells	[PMID: 15043407]
THP-1	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by erythosin B staining method Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by erythosin B staining method	[PMID: 20192247]
THP-1	IC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 25	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by WST assay Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by WST assay	[PMID: 25735399]
U-266	EC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human U266 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay Cytotoxicity against human U266 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 20192247]
WM-115	IC₅₀	524.8 μM Compound: Naringenin	Cytotoxicity against human WM115 cells after 46 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human WM115 cells after 46 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23756061]

In Vitro

Naringenin is shown to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells resulted partly from an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Naringenin has been shown to induce apoptosis as evidenced by nuclei damage and increased proportion of apoptotic cells. Naringenin triggers the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway as shown by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, subsequent release of cytochrome C, and sequential activation of caspase-3^[1]. Naringenin exposure significantly reduces the cell viability of A431 cells with a concomitant increase in nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation in a dose dependent manner. Cell cycle study shows that naringenin induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and caspase-3 analysis reveal a dose dependent increment in caspase-3 activity which leads to cell apoptosis^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Naringenin supplementation causes a significant reduction in the amount of total triglyceride and cholesterol in plasma and liver. In addition, naringenin supplementation lowers adiposity and triglyceride contents in parametrial adipose tissue. Naringenin-fed animals show a significant increase in PPARα protein expression in the liver. The expression of CPT-1 and UCP2, known to be regulated by PPARα, is markedly enhanced by naringenin treatment^[3]. Naringenin increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation through a PPARγ coactivator 1α/PPARα-mediated transcription program. It prevents sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c–mediated lipogenesis in both liver and muscle by reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia. Naringenin decreases hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester synthesis^[4]. Naringenin inhibits TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic study demonstrates that naringenin prevents ERK/MAPK and Akt phosphorylation while left p38 MAPK and JNK unchanged. Naringenin also blocks the increase of ROS generation induced by TNF-α^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 480-41-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 272.25
Formula C₁₅H₁₂O₅
Color White to light yellow
SMILES

O=C1C[C@@H](C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C13
Structure Classification
- Flavonoids
- Flavonones
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (23)

All Histological Imaging/StainingIn Vivo Efficacy StudyBio/Physico-chemical AssayWBIHC

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Journal Impact Factor

Nat Immunol

Microbiota-shaped neutrophil senescence regulates sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 11. PMID: 40217111
Nat Commun

Flavonoid pathway intermediates implicate UVR8 in functions beyond canonical UV-B signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 21;16(1):7810. PMID: 40841532
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530
Phytomedicine

Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]

2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046
Phytomedicine

Investigating the potential mechanism and therapeutic effects of SLXG for cholesterol gallstone treatment. [Abstract]

2024 Sep:132:155886. PMID: 39059092

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep:132:155886. [Abstract]

Naringenin (100 mg/kg/d, i.g.). HE staining, Oil red staining in the liver.

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep:132:155886. [Abstract]

Naringenin (100 mg/kg/d, i.g.). The appearance of gallstones of mice in different treatment groups.

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep:132:155886. [Abstract]

The naringenin l group and the naringenin H group were treated with naringenin (50 mg/kg/d, i.g.) and naringenin (100 mg/kg/d, i.g.). CGS column chart for mice.

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep:132:155886. [Abstract]

The naringenin l group and the naringenin H group were treated with naringenin (50 mg/kg/d, i.g.) and naringenin (100 mg/kg/d, i.g.). WB results and statistical analysis bar graphs of HMGCR, UGT1A1, and SOAT2 (n = 6).

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep:132:155886. [Abstract]

The naringenin l group and the naringenin H group were treated with naringenin (50 mg/kg/d, i.g.) and naringenin (100mg/kg/d, i.g.). Levels of ALT and AST in serum.
New Phytol

Transcription factor SlJIG orchestrates multi-layer defense in tomato against the invasive pest Phthorimaea absoluta. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 7. PMID: 41355216
Arch Pharm Res

The inhibition of endothelial DLL4-NOTCH1 signaling by 2'-hydroxyflavanone enhances anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 2. PMID: 40172769
Biomed Pharmacother

Guiqi Baizhu prescription ameliorates cytarabine-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting JAK2 to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]

2023 Aug:164:114902. PMID: 37209628
J Ethnopharmacol

Simo Tang mitigates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via PI3K/AKT pathway activation in Chronic atrophic gastritis. [Abstract]

2026 May 23:363:121417. PMID: 41765119
Biofactors

Naringenin protects swine testis cells from bisphenol A-induced apoptosis via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Jan;48(1):190-203. PMID: 34914851
Int J Mol Sci

Dual Targeting of HIF-1α and DLL4 by Isoxanthohumol Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Blockade. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 5;27(3):1576. PMID: 41683994
Microb Cell Fact

De novo biosynthesis of taxifolin in yeast peroxisomes. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 2;24(1):153. PMID: 40605049
Pharm Biol

Naringenin inhibits ferroptosis to reduce radiation-induced lung injury: insights from network Pharmacology and molecular docking. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;63(1):1-10. PMID: 39969099
BMC Plant Biol

Transcriptomic, metabonomic and proteomic analyses reveal that terpenoids and flavonoids are required for Pinus koraiensis early defence against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 12;25(1):185. PMID: 39934660
Poult Sci

Naringenin as a phytogenic adjuvant systematically enhances the protective efficacy of H9N2 inactivated vaccine through coordinated innate-adaptive immune priming in chickens. [Abstract]

2025 May 2;104(8):105257. PMID: 40344923
J Funct Foods

2020 Jun.

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2020 Jun.

Naringenin decreases the number of Iba-1-positive microglia and fully-activated microglia. Schematic diagram of the selected region of brain section for immunochemistry and Representative Iba-1 staining.

Naringenin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2020 Jun.

Naringenin prevents the neuroinflammation. Representative Western blot bands of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and iNOS.
Neurochem Res

Naringenin Protected Against Blood Brain Barrier Breakdown after Ischemic Stroke through GSK-3β/ β-Catenin Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 18;50(1):17. PMID: 39556287
Heliyon

Integrating network analysis and experimental validation to reveal the mechanism of si-jun-zi decoction in the treatment of renal fibrosis. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 2;10(16):e35489. PMID: 39220912
Int J Med Sci

Naringenin Mitigates Dasatinib-Induced Kidney Damage by Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Inflammation, and Apoptosis Pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 1;22(1):110-120. PMID: 39744177
Environ Toxicol

Dibutyl phthalate-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in swine testis cells and therapy of naringenin via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Aug;37(8):1840-1852. PMID: 35363423
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors. [Abstract]

2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. PMID: 29890135
Int J Insect Sci

Do Bioflavonoids in Juniperus virginiana Heartwood Stimulate Oviposition in the Ladybird Coleomegilla maculata?. [Abstract]

2018 Feb 28:10:1179543318758409. PMID: 29531477

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (367.31 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.6731 mL

18.3655 mL

36.7309 mL

5 mM

0.7346 mL

3.6731 mL

7.3462 mL

10 mM

0.3673 mL

1.8365 mL

3.6731 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[1]

Naringenin is dissolved in DMSO and diluted in cell culture medium. The cells are rinsed with PBS and grown in a medium containing various concentrations of naringenin (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 μM). The solvent DMSO treated cells are served as control. After 24 hrs of treatment, the medium is removed and replaced by another medium containing MTT. Cell viability is measured using the MTT assay^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[3]^[4]

Rats: Semi-purified, powdered diets are prepared for concentrations of naringenin: 0, 0.003, 0.006, and 0.012% of diet. After 7 days of acclimatization, rats are assigned to one of four groups, with six animals per group, and fed semi-purified experimental diets for 6 weeks. The experimental diets contain 16% fat, 45.5% sucrose, and different naringenin concentration (0, 0.003, 0.006, or 0.012%) (Table 1). Rats have ad libitum access to food and water during the study period. Food intake and body weight are measured throughout the experiment^[3].

Mouse: Eight- to 12-week-old mice are fed ad libitum a rodent standard diet or a high-fat diet containing 42% of calories from fat plus cholesterol (0.05% wt/wt). Naringenin is added to the Western diet at 1 or 3% (wt/wt). Ldlr^−/− mice are fed for 4 weeks and C57BL/6J mice for 30 weeks. Food intake is measured daily, and body weight is measured biweekly. Mice are fasted for 6 h before intervention^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (280 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Arul D, et al. Naringenin (citrus flavonone) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Pathol Oncol Res. 2013 Oct;19(4):763-70. [Content Brief]

[2]. Ahamad MS, et al. Induction of apoptosis and antiproliferative activity of naringenin in human epidermoid carcinomacell through ROS generation and cell cycle arrest. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e110003. [Content Brief]

[3]. Cho KW, et al. Dietary naringenin increases hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α proteinexpression and decreases plasma triglyceride and adiposity in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2011 Mar;50(2):81-8. [Content Brief]

[4]. Mulvihill EE, et al. Naringenin prevents dyslipidemia, apolipoprotein B overproduction, and hyperinsulinemia in LDLreceptor-null mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009 Oct;58(10):2198-210. [Content Brief]

[5]. Chen S, et al. Naringenin inhibits TNF-α induced VSMC proliferation and migration via induction of HO-1. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Sep;50(9):3025-31. [Content Brief]

[6]. Frabasile S, et al. The citrus flavanone naringenin impairs dengue virus replication in human cells. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 3;7:41864. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.6731 mL	18.3655 mL	36.7309 mL	91.8274 mL
	5 mM	0.7346 mL	3.6731 mL	7.3462 mL	18.3655 mL
	10 mM	0.3673 mL	1.8365 mL	3.6731 mL	9.1827 mL
	15 mM	0.2449 mL	1.2244 mL	2.4487 mL	6.1218 mL
	20 mM	0.1837 mL	0.9183 mL	1.8365 mL	4.5914 mL
	25 mM	0.1469 mL	0.7346 mL	1.4692 mL	3.6731 mL
	30 mM	0.1224 mL	0.6122 mL	1.2244 mL	3.0609 mL
	40 mM	0.0918 mL	0.4591 mL	0.9183 mL	2.2957 mL
	50 mM	0.0735 mL	0.3673 mL	0.7346 mL	1.8365 mL
	60 mM	0.0612 mL	0.3061 mL	0.6122 mL	1.5305 mL
	80 mM	0.0459 mL	0.2296 mL	0.4591 mL	1.1478 mL
	100 mM	0.0367 mL	0.1837 mL	0.3673 mL	0.9183 mL

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Naringenin

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

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