1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  3. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-146153
    HDAC-IN-40
    Inhibitor 98.71%
    HDAC-IN-40 is a potent alkoxyamide-based HDAC inhibitor with Ki values of 60 nM and 30 nM for HDAC2 and HDAC6, respectively. HDAC-IN-40 had antitumor effects.
    HDAC-IN-40
  • HY-152174
    HDAC-IN-52
    Inhibitor 99.46%
    HDAC-IN-52 is a pyridine-containing HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.189, 0.227, 0.440 and 0.446 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC10, respectively. HDAC-IN-52 can be used for the research of cancer.
    HDAC-IN-52
  • HY-149819
    CDK/HDAC-IN-3
    Inhibitor 99.60%
    CDK/HDAC-IN-3 is an orally active HDACs/CDKs dual inhibitor. CDK/HDAC-IN-3 has potent and selective inhibition of CDK9, CDK12, CDK13, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 with IC50 values of 98.32 nM, 98.85 nM, 100 nM, 62.12 nM, 93.28nM and 82.87 nM. CDK/HDAC-IN-3 can be used for the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .
    CDK/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-145259
    HDAC6-IN-3
    Inhibitor 98.0%
    HDAC6-IN-3 (Compound 14), an antiprostate cancer agent, is a potent, orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50s ranging from 0.02-1.54 μM for HDAC1/2/3/6/8/10. HDAC6-IN-3 is also an effective MAO-A (IC50=0.79 μM) and LSD1 inhibitor. HDAC6-IN-3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    HDAC6-IN-3
  • HY-156273
    HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1
    Inhibitor
    HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1(compound 25ap) is a potent HDAC/JAK/BRD4 triple inhibitor. HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1 inhibit cell growth and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, and shows anticancer activity in vivo.
    HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1
  • HY-159109
    HDAC6-IN-46
    Inhibitor 98.51%
    HDAC6-IN-46 (compound 12) is a selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 nM. HDAC6-IN-46 can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.
    HDAC6-IN-46
  • HY-124782
    HDAC8-IN-8
    Inhibitor 99.01%
    HDAC8-IN-8 (15a) is an HDAC8 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 23.9 μM and 268.2 μM for hHDAC8 and smHDAC8 respectively. And for hHDAC1 and hHDAC6, the IC50 values are 12.1 μM and 2.9 μM respectively. HDAC8-IN-8 can be used in schistosomiasis-related research.
    HDAC8-IN-8
  • HY-W009732R
    Sinapinic acid (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM, and also inhibits ACE-I activity. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.
    Sinapinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-RS06060
    Hdac1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    Inhibitor

    Hdac1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac1 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.

    Hdac1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-10585AR
    Valproic acid sodium (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Valproic acid (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Valproic acid (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Valproic acid (Sodium Valproate) sodium is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches.
    Valproic acid sodium (Standard)
  • HY-139650
    HDAC1/2-IN-3
    Inhibitor 98.05%
    HDAC1/2-IN-3 is a HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor with IC50 values 0-5 and 5-10 nM, respectively.
    HDAC1/2-IN-3
  • HY-16138
    Ivaltinostat
    Inhibitor 99.70%
    Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects.
    Ivaltinostat
  • HY-10585AS1
    Valproic acid-d14 sodium
    Inhibitor
    Valproic acid-d14 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Valproic acid (sodium). Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium salt activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
    Valproic acid-d<sub>14</sub> sodium
  • HY-138831
    AES-350
    Inhibitor 99.30%
    AES-350 is a potent and orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 and a Ki of 0.0244 μM and 0.035 μM, respectively. AES-350 is also against HDAC3, HDAC8 in an enzymatic activity assay with IC50 values of 0.187 μM and 0.245 μM, respectively. AES-350 triggers apoptosis in AML cells through HDAC inhibition and can be used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research.
    AES-350
  • HY-145613
    5-Phenylpentan-2-one
    Inhibitor 99.81%
    5-Phenylpentan-2-one is a potent histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor. 5-Phenylpentan-2-one can be used for urea cycle disorder research.
    5-Phenylpentan-2-one
  • HY-115412
    Vorinostat-d5
    Inhibitor 99.0%
    Vorinostat-d5 (SAHA-d5) is the deuterium labeled Vorinostat. Vorinostat (SAHA) is a potent and orally active pan-inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 (Class I), HDAC7 (Class II) and HDAC11 (Class IV), with ID50 values of 10 nM and 20 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. Vorinostat induces cell apoptosis. Vorinostat is also an effective inhibitor of human papillomaviruse (HPV)-18 DNA amplification.
    Vorinostat-d5
  • HY-W014004
    m-Carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide
    Inhibitor 98.0%
    m-Carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (CBHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. m-Carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide modulates histone acetylation sites, alters DNA methylation and epigenetic status, increases global histone acetylation, alleviates transcription repression, and facilitates chromatin remodelling. m-Carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide can be used for the research of cloned embryo development and epigenetic regulation.
    m-Carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide
  • HY-117374
    HDAC3-IN-1
    Inhibitor 99.28%
    HDAC3-IN-1 (compound 5) is a potent and selective HDAC3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.96 nM.
    HDAC3-IN-1
  • HY-13506G
    M344 (GMP)
    Inhibitor
    M344 (GMP) (D 237) (GMP) is the GMP level of M344 (HY-13506). GMP level of small molecules can be used as auxiliary reagents in cell therapy. M344 is a kind of histone acetylation enzyme inhibitor.
    M344 (GMP)
  • HY-149631
    HFY-4A
    Inhibitor 99.34%
    HFY-4A is a HDAC inhibitor. HFY-4A inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces cell apoptosis. HFY-4A induces immunogenic cell death (ICD). HFY-4A inhibits tumor growth in breast cancer xenograft mouse models.
    HFY-4A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

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