2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-182649
    NN-429
    		Inhibitor
    NN-429 is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor. NN-429 induces apoptosis, increases the acetylation level of α-tubulin, and exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cells. NN-429 is applicable to research related to acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma.
    NN-429
  • HY-149369
    HDAC-IN-59
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-59 (compound 13a) is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDAC-IN-59 can promote the intracellular generation of ROS, cause DNA damage, block the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and activate the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis.
    HDAC-IN-59
  • HY-147962
    AChE/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-23 (compound A10) is a potent both AChE and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.23 nM. COX-2-IN-23 exhibits antioxidant activity and metal chelating properties. COX-2-IN-23 can be used in alzheimer's disease research.
    AChE/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-149284
    JAK/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    JAK/HDAC-IN-3 (13a) is a dual JAK and HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 values of 25.36 nM, 0.2 μM and 0.43 μM for JAK2, HDAC and HDAC1, respectively.
    JAK/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-182717
    FT234
    		Inhibitor
    FT234 is a HDAC11 inhibitor with an IC50 of <0.5 μM. FT234 can be used for the research of cancer.
    FT234
  • HY-149283
    JAK/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    JAK/HDAC-IN-2 is a potent 2-amino-4-phenylaminopyrimidine JAK/HDAC dual-target inhibitor. JAK/HDAC-IN-2 potently inhibits HDAC3/6 and JAK1/2 at nanomolar levels. JAK/HDAC-IN-2 has proapoptotic activity and inhibits histone deacetylation and STAT3 phosphorylation. JAK/HDAC-IN-2 presents remarkable antiproliferative activity in both hematological malignancies and solid cancers.
    JAK/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-185584
    OKI-005
    		Inhibitor
    OKI-005 is an orally active inhibitor of Class I HDACs, with primary targeting of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3. OKI-005 is a prodrug of OKI-006 (HY-144893). OKI-005 increases histone acetylation levels, induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. OKI-005 can be used in research related to triple-negative breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
    OKI-005
  • HY-155671
    HDAC6-IN-18
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-18 (Compound 4) is a first irreversible HDAC6 isoform selective inhibitor with potent anti-multiple myeloma activity. HDAC6-IN-18 has HDAC6 inhibitory activity in RPMI8266, U266 and MM.1S cells with IC50 values of 0.17, 0.7 and 0.42 μM, respectively.
    HDAC6-IN-18
  • HY-143462
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-2 is a highly potent c-Met and HDAC dual inhibitor with IC50s of 18.49 nM and 5.40 nM for HDAC1 and c-Met, respectively. c-Met/HDAC-IN-2 has antiproliferative activities against certain cancer cell lines. c-Met/HDAC-IN-2 can cause G2/M-phase arrest and induce apoptosis in HCT-116. c-Met/HDAC-IN-2 can be used for researching anti-cancer resistance.
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-176867
    Rodin-B
    		Inhibitor
    Rodin-B is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC)-co-repressor of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) complex inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.50 μM for the CoREST complex, 0.27 μM for HDAC1, and 0.28 μM for HDAC2. Rodin-B increases the acetylation level of histone H3K9, upregulates the expression of neuron-related genes, thereby promoting the increase in dendritic spine density, the colocalization of synaptic proteins (SV2A and PSD95), and the improvement of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), exerting synaptic protection and repair activity. Rodin-B is promising for research of neurodegenerative diseases related to synaptic dysfunction, especially Alzheimer’s disease.
    Rodin-B
  • HY-155699
    J27644
    		Inhibitor
    J27644 is a potent HDAC inhibitor. J27644 mitigates TGF-β-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
    J27644
  • HY-141844
    HDAC/BET-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC/BET-IN-1 displays submicromolar inhibitory activity against HDAC1 and 6 (IC50 = 0.163 μM and 0.067 μM), and BRD4 (Ki = 0.076 μM), and possess potent antileukemia activity.
    HDAC/BET-IN-1
  • HY-162906
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-2 is (compound 25h) a FLT3/HDAC dual inhibitor. FLT3/HDAC-IN-2 has antiproliferative activity against MOLM-13 cells. FLT3/HDAC-IN-2 can be used in acute myeloid leukemia research.
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-RS06073
    HDAC4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC4 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-157385
    HDAC-IN-67
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-67 (compound 27f) is an HDAC inhibitor against HDAC1 and HDAC6, with IC50 values of 22 nM and 8 nM, respectively. HDAC-IN-67 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis. HDAC-IN-67 exhibits antitumor activity.
    HDAC-IN-67
  • HY-143233
    PIM-1/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PIM-1/HDAC-IN-1 (compound 4d) is a PIM-1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 343.87 nM. PIM-1/HDAC-IN-1 has strong inhibitory activity and selectivity against HDAC 1 and HDAC 6, with IC50 values of 63.65 and 62.39 nM, respectively. PIM-1/HDAC-IN-1 exhibits apoptosis inducing potential in MCF-7 cell lines. PIM-1/HDAC-IN-1 shows pre-G1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.
    PIM-1/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-159936
    CS4
    		Inhibitor
    CS4 is a selective HDAC inhibitor with the IC50 values of 38 nM, 12 nM, 5.8 μM, 19 μM and 61 μM against of HDAC1, HDAC6, HDAC8, HDAC4 and HDAC11, respectively. CS4 promotes α-tubulin and histone 3 acetylation. CS4 activates PPARγ and blocks glycolysis. CS4 induces cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and apoptosis, and shows anticancer effect both in vivo and in vitro.
    CS4
  • HY-RS06074
    Hdac4 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac4 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac4 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac4 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-152146
    HDAC-IN-50
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-50 is a potent and orally active FGFR and HDAC dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.18, 1.2, 0.46, 1.4, 1.3, 1.6, 2.6, 13 nM for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. HDAC-IN-50 induces Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. HDAC-IN-50 decreases the expression of pFGFR1, pERK, pSTAT3. HDAC-IN-50 shows anti-tumor activity.
    HDAC-IN-50
  • HY-115442
    NHNB
    		Inhibitor
    NHNB is a selective HDAC8 inhibitor (IC50 = 66.0 μM) and Peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) deacetylases (PGNGdacs) inhibitor. NHNB shows antibacterial and bactericidal activity against B. anthracis and B. cereus. NHNB can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia, Bacillus anthracis infection, and Bacillus cereus infection.
    NHNB
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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