2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0105
    Rhein
    		99.56%
    Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects[1].
    Rhein
  • HY-D0937
    Methoxy-PMS
    		99.32%
    Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS), an active oxygen formation inducer, is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes.
    Methoxy-PMS
  • HY-18260
    Bisphenol A
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Bisphenol A is a phenolic, organic synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant, often classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Bisphenol A is associated with many diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases, obesity, and reproductivedisorders.
    Bisphenol A
  • HY-77591
    Cysteamine hydrochloride
    		99.30%
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine hydrochloride
  • HY-156376
    Cu(II)-Elesclomol
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a complex formed by Elesclomol (HY-12040) and Cu2+ (copper ions). Cu(II)-Elesclomol is also a weak inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I. Cu(II)-Elesclomol exerts anticancer effects by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage through copper chelation. Cu(II)-Elesclomol can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cu(II)-Elesclomol can be used in the study of cancer.
    Cu(II)-Elesclomol
  • HY-N6947
    Lutein
    		Inhibitor
    Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active.
    Lutein
  • HY-135849
    Catalase, Aspergillus niger
    Catalase, Aspergillus niger is a key enzyme in the metabolism of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its expression and localization is markedly altered in tumors. Free oxygen radical scavenger.
    Catalase, Aspergillus niger
  • HY-134928A
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA
    		Modulator
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) TFA is a fluorophore that can be isolated from lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA can be used in the study of retinal degenerative diseases.
    Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E TFA
  • HY-110256
    N-Acetylcysteine amide
    		99.88%
    N-Acetylcysteine amide is a cell membranes and blood brain barrier permeant thiol antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, reduces ROS production.
    N-Acetylcysteine amide
  • HY-N0376
    Liquiritin
    		99.99%
    Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.
    Liquiritin
  • HY-111653
    CycLuc1
    		99.72%
    CycLuc1 is a blood-brain barrier permeable luciferase substrate that displays near-infrared (NIR) emission with a peak luminescence wavelength of 599 nm. CycLuc1 can be used for in vivo bioluminescence imaging.
    CycLuc1
  • HY-14909
    Bardoxolone
    		Inducer 99.50%
    Bardoxolone (CDDO; RTA 401) is a Nrf2 activator. Bardoxolone shows anti-SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with IC50 of 27.99 μM. Bardoxolone activates the Nrf2 pathway and inhibits the NF-κB pathway. Bardoxolone can induce cells differentiation, apoptosis and shows antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Bardoxolone can increase ROS and decrease intracellular GSH levels. Bardoxolone inhibits Z-VAD-FMK (HY-16658B)-induced necroptosis. Bardoxolone can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and infection, such as SARS-CoV infection and glioblastoma.
    Bardoxolone
  • HY-17007
    Saquinavir
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir
  • HY-N0570
    Hydroxytyrosol
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Hydroxytyrosol (DOPET; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields.
    Hydroxytyrosol
  • HY-N0716B
    Berberine sulfate
    		Activator 99.23%
    Berberine sulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine sulfate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine sulfate has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form improves bioavailability.
    Berberine sulfate
  • HY-101200
    Linsidomine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Linsidomine hydrochloride (SIN-1 chloride) is a spontaneous ROS/RNS generator and peroxynitrite donor. Linsidomine hydrochloride is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. Linsidomine hydrochloride induces oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Linsidomine hydrochloride inhibits the migration, proliferation and neointima formation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of annexin A2. In addition, low doses of Linsidomine hydrochloride shows protective effects on Zn2+ treated nerve cells.
    Linsidomine hydrochloride
  • HY-107999
    CADD522
    		Agonist 98.23%
    CADD522 is a RUNX2-DNA binding inhibitor (downregulates RUNX2-mediated transcription of downstream target genes), with an IC50 of 10 nM. CADD522 inhibits primary tumor growth and experimental metastasis of tumor cells in the lungs of immune-compromised mice. CADD522 can be used in study of cancer.
    CADD522
  • HY-B0388
    Probucol
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Probucol (DH-581) is an anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Probucol activates glutathione peroxidase. Probucol promotes low density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism, inhibits ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, and decreases HDL-C levels. Probucol also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Probucol can be used for researches on bone, cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, and metabolism-related diseases.
    Probucol
  • HY-N0393
    Glabridin
    		99.98%
    Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities.
    Glabridin
  • HY-12542
    Dantrolene
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Dantrolene is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity