ATP (Synonyms: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate)

Name: ATP
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-B2176
Rating: 5.0 (152 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-B2176 Purity: 99.88%: Data Sheet
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ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation. ATP can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce IL-1β and chemokines secretion. ATP has anti-bacterial infection effects and can protect mice against bacterial infection in mice.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 56-65-5

Size	Stock	Quantity
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 152 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of ATP:

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152 Publications Citing Use of MCE ATP

Cell Imaging/Staining

RT-PCR

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 25:148:157454. [Abstract]; BV2 cells (2.5 × 10⁵ cells/ml) were pretreated with syringin for 2 h and subsequently stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 16 h. For activation, LPS‑primed cells were treated with syringin or MCC950 for 2 h, followed by 3 mM ATP for 1.5 h or 10 μM nigericin for 1 h before collection. Representative WB showing NLRP3, pro-Caspase-1, and pro-IL-1β in cell lysates, and cleaved-Caspase-1 and cleaved-IL-1β in culture supernatants in ATP-induced activation. (B, C) Densitometric quantification of cleaved-Caspase-1 and cleaved-IL-1β in (A).

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 25:148:157454. [Abstract]; LPS (3 mM) + ATP treatment significantly increased Iba-1 intensity, indicating activation of BV2 cells.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 25:148:157454. [Abstract]; qRT-PCR analysis of a panel of microglial activation markers revealed that LPS + ATP (3 mM) significantly upregulated the transcription of CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD32, and Iba-1 in BV2 cell.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 25:148:157454. [Abstract]; DCFH-DA fluorescence staining revealed that LPS + ATP (3 mM) treatment markedly increased intracellular ROS levels in BV2 microglia, as indicated by elevated DCF fluorescence intensity. Treatment with 50 or 100 μM syringin significantly suppressed ROS production.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 25:148:157454. [Abstract]; 100 μM syringin did not affect the expression levels of NLRP3, pro-Caspase-1, or ASC proteins in total lysates under LPS + ATP treatment in BV2 cells.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Immunity. 2024 Mar 12;57(3):495-512.e11. [Abstract]; Representative western blots and analyses of the following proteins in BV2 cells treated with vehicle (Con), LPS (200 ng/ml, 3 h), LPS + ATP (3 mM, 30 min), or LPS + ATP-siNKAα1.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Transl Res. 2023 May:255:1-13.; LPS/ATP treatment significantly promotes expression of NLRP3 and production of N-GSDMD in HAEC. HAEC are pretreated with LPS (500ng/ml) for 5 h and then stimulated with ATP (5 mM) for 1 h.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Differ. 2022 Feb;29(2):439-450. [Abstract]; Primary BMDM cells were isolated from WT and Trim21^-/- C57BL/6 mice. Cells were primed with 1 μg/mL LPS for 2 h followed by 5 mM ATP or 20 μM Nig or 30 μM flagellin for 30 min. Cell viability are determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Crit Care. 2021 Oct 12;25(1):356. [Abstract]; Stimulation of Raw264.7 macrophages with PBS/PBS-Exo/TNF-Exo for 24 h and treatment with PBS, 5 mM ATP or 20 mM nigericin for 2 h. Cleavage of GSDMD by western blot. GSDMD-FL: full-length GSDMD, GSDMD-N: N-terminal cleavage products of GSDMD.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Feb 18;11(2):132. [Abstract]; KCs were stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 4 hours and subsequently treated them with 5 mM ATP for 2 hours to induce pyroptosis. The RNA level of lnc-Lfar1 was determined by qRT-PCR.

: ATP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Feb 18;11(2):132. [Abstract]; KCs were transfected with lnc-Lfar1 siRNA for 24 h, followed by stimulation with 100 ng/ml LPS for 4 h and subsequently treated with 5 mM ATP or 100 ng/ml for 2 h to induce pyroptosis. a, b The protein level of NLRP3, Caspase1 and GSDMD was determined by western blot. GAPDH was used as an internal control.

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[4]

NLRP3 inflammasome

IL-1β

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: ATP	Agonist activity at P2Y1 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells Agonist activity at P2Y1 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells	[PMID: 20175517]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: ATP	Agonist activity at rat P2Y1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as release of intracellular calcium by fluorescence based assay Agonist activity at rat P2Y1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as release of intracellular calcium by fluorescence based assay	[PMID: 22873688]
HEK293	EC₅₀	590 nM Compound: 1	Concentration required for calcium mobilization at rat purinergic 2Y1 receptor expressed in HEK 293 cells Concentration required for calcium mobilization at rat purinergic 2Y1 receptor expressed in HEK 293 cells	[PMID: 15317453]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1000 nM Compound: ATP	Antagonist activity against recombinant rat P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4) at 30 uM, expressed in Xenopus oocytes Antagonist activity against recombinant rat P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4) at 30 uM, expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 12213051]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1400 nM Compound: ATP	Antagonist activity against recombinant rat receptor P2X purinoceptor 2 (P2X2) at 10 uM, expressed in Xenopus oocytes Antagonist activity against recombinant rat receptor P2X purinoceptor 2 (P2X2) at 10 uM, expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 12213051]

In Vitro

ATP (5 mM; 1 hour) co-treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL) has a synergistic effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HGFs^[3].
ATP (2 mM; 0.5-24 hours) induces secretion of IL-1β, KC and MIP-2 from BMDMs in a caspase-1 activation-dependent manner^[4].
ATP (2mM) promotes neutrophil chemotaxis^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

ATP (50 mg/kg; i.p., 1-24 h before bacterial challenge) protects mice against bacterial infection in mice, such as E. coli and S. aureus^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Four-week-old Kunming mice infected with E. coli and S. aureus (18-22 g)^[4]
Dosage:	50 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, 1, 4, 24 h before bacterial (E. coli) challenge
Result:	Reduced peritoneal bacterial counts. Increased the levels of IL-1β, KC and MIP-2 in the peritoneal lavage fluid. Recruited neutrophils to the peritoneum.

Molecular Weight

507.18

Formula

C₁₀H₁₆N₅O₁₃P₃

CAS No.

56-65-5

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=P(O)(O)OP(OP(OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)(O)=O)(O)=O

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Animals

Microorganisms

widespread

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (197.17 mM)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	1.9717 mL	9.8584 mL	19.7169 mL
5 mM	0.3943 mL	1.9717 mL	3.9434 mL
10 mM	0.1972 mL	0.9858 mL	1.9717 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (197.17 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.88%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (278 KB) SDS (394 KB)

COA (251 KB) CNMR (230 KB) RP-HPLC (204 KB) MS (228 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Swennen EL, et al. Immunoregulatory effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate on cytokine release from stimulated whole blood. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Mar;35(3):852-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. M J L Bours, et al. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine as endogenous signaling molecules in immunity and inflammation. Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov;112(2):358-404. [Content Brief]

[3]. Shuo Xu, et al. Doxycycline inhibits NAcht Leucine-rich repeat Protein 3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β production induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol. 2019 Nov;107:104514. [Content Brief]

[4]. Yang Xiang, et al. Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate (ATP) Protects Mice against Bacterial Infection by Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5): e63759. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O	1 mM	1.9717 mL	9.8584 mL	19.7169 mL	49.2922 mL
	5 mM	0.3943 mL	1.9717 mL	3.9434 mL	9.8584 mL
	10 mM	0.1972 mL	0.9858 mL	1.9717 mL	4.9292 mL
	15 mM	0.1314 mL	0.6572 mL	1.3145 mL	3.2861 mL
	20 mM	0.0986 mL	0.4929 mL	0.9858 mL	2.4646 mL
	25 mM	0.0789 mL	0.3943 mL	0.7887 mL	1.9717 mL
	30 mM	0.0657 mL	0.3286 mL	0.6572 mL	1.6431 mL
	40 mM	0.0493 mL	0.2465 mL	0.4929 mL	1.2323 mL
	50 mM	0.0394 mL	0.1972 mL	0.3943 mL	0.9858 mL
	60 mM	0.0329 mL	0.1643 mL	0.3286 mL	0.8215 mL
	80 mM	0.0246 mL	0.1232 mL	0.2465 mL	0.6162 mL
	100 mM	0.0197 mL	0.0986 mL	0.1972 mL	0.4929 mL

ATP Related Classifications

Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Infection

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

ATP56-65-5Adenosine 5'-triphosphateEndogenous MetaboliteNOD-like Receptor (NLR)Interleukin RelatedBacterialILenergystoragemetabolismimmunityinflammationNLRP3inflammasomecytokineInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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ATP (Synonyms: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate)

Customer Review

Other Forms of ATP:

ATP Related Antibodies

152 Publications Citing Use of MCE ATP

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View All Interleukin Related Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

ATP Related Antibodies

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

ATP Related Classifications

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