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glutamate excitotoxicity

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Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2309
    Kainic acid
    Maximum Cited Publications
    35 Publications Verification

    		 EAAT Neurological Disease
    Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid induces seizures .
    Kainic acid
  • HY-12688A
    Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt
    10+ Cited Publications

    		 Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease .
    Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt
  • HY-N6746
    Citrinin

    NSC 186

    		 Bacterial Fungal Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .
    Citrinin
  • HY-N2309A
    Kainic acid hydrate
    Maximum Cited Publications
    35 Publications Verification

    		 mGluR Neurological Disease
    Kainic acid hydrate is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid hydrate induces seizures .
    Kainic acid hydrate
  • HY-P10638
    TAT-CN21

    		CaMK Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
    TAT-CN21 is a potent CaMKII inhibitor with an IC50 of 77.2 nM. TAT-CN21 inhibits both calcium/calmodulin-dependent and autonomously activated CaMKII, blocks glutamate-induced translocation of CaMK IIα, and reverses the enhanced phosphorylation of CaMKII at Thr286 following excitotoxic injury. TAT-CN21 shows application potential in studies related to ischemic stroke by reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and exacerbating pre-existing long-term neuronal death prior to injury. TAT-CN21 improves definitive behaviors in rats with residual nerve injury without altering indicators such as mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia or spatial memory. TAT-CN21 can also be used in studies related to neuropathic pain .
    TAT-CN21
  • HY-W040045
    Callistephin chloride
    1 Publications Verification

    Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride

    		 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK TNF Receptor Apoptosis Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis .
    Callistephin chloride
  • HY-113439
    12-HETE
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Apoptosis Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    12-HETE, a major metabolic product of arachidonic acid using 12-LOX catalysis, inhibits cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. 12-HETE promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway .12-HETE has both anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects . 12-HETE is a neuromodulator .
    12-HETE
  • HY-14608R
    L-Glutamic acid (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite iGluR Ferroptosis Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases . IC50 & Target:DA . In Vitro: L-Glutamic acid (120, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL) can reduce the harmful effect of lithium on the embryonic development of Xenopus Xenopus .
    L-Glutamic acid (2, 5, 10, 20 mM, 24-48 h) can induce neuroexcitotoxicity in neuroblastoma .
    In Vivo: L-Glutamic acid (3 g/kg, subcutaneous injection) can promote excitotoxic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice .
    L-Glutamic acid (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can reduce and inhibit oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats .
    L-Glutamic acid (Standard)
  • HY-D1631
    Calcium Green-5N AM

    		Fluorescent Dye Calcium Channel Neurological Disease
    Calcium Green-5N AM is a Ca 2+-sensitive fluorescent probe (Kd = 14 μM). Calcium Green-5N AM shows enhanced fluorescence intensity upon binding to Ca 2+, and it can monitor free Ca 2+ in neurons .
    Calcium Green-5N AM
  • HY-15703
    QNZ46
    1 Publications Verification

    		 iGluR Neurological Disease
    QNZ46 is a highly selective noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist targeting GluN2C/D (IC50=3.9 μM), GluN1/GluN2C (IC50=7.1 μM), and GluN1/GluN2D (IC50=182 μM) subunits. QNZ46 inhibits glutamate-mediated calcium influx, thereby blocking excitotoxicity. QNZ46 is membrane permeable and can cross the blood-brain barrier, where it inhibits myelin damage and axonal degeneration .
    QNZ46
  • HY-120553
    B-355252
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    B355252, a phenoxy thiophene sulfonamide small molecule, is a potent NGF receptor agonist. B355252 potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. B355252 protects ischemic neurons from neuronal loss by attenuating DNA damage, reducing ROS production and the LDH level, and preventing neuronal apoptosis. B355252 has anti-apoptotic effects in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, as well as in a murine hippocampal cell line (HT22) model of Parkinson disease (PD) .
    B-355252
  • HY-120079
    MSN-125
    4 Publications Verification

    		 Bcl-2 Family Apoptosis Cancer
    MSN-125 is a potent Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-125 prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) with an IC50 of 4 μM. MSN-125 potently inhibits Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons, protects primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity .
    MSN-125
  • HY-16713A
    (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine (hydrochloride)

    (5S)-Fluorowillardiine hydrochloride; (S)-5-Fluorowillardiine hydrochloride

    		 iGluR Neurological Disease
    (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine ((5S)-Fluorowillardiine; (S)-5-Fluorowillardiine) hydrochloride is a potent, highly selective non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR, AMPA/Kainate receptor) agonist . (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine hydrochloride activates high-affinity AMPA-preferring receptors (EC50 = 0.70 μM) and low-affinity kainate-preferring receptors (EC50 = 170 μM), thereby inducing biphasic dose-dependent neurotoxicity/excitotoxicity. (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine hydrochloride is applicable to research related to schizophrenia, temporal lobe epilepsy, and bipolar disorder .
    (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine (hydrochloride)
  • HY-12688
    Succinyl phosphonate

    		Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Succinyl phosphonate is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease .
    Succinyl phosphonate
  • HY-118783
    2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid

    (±)-2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid

    		 HDAC HSP Neurological Disease Cancer
    2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid ((±)-2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid), a Valproic acid (HY-10585) derivative, exhibits potential roles of HDAC inhibition (IC50 = 13 μM) and HSP70 induction. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid causes histone hyperacetylation and protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured neurons. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid can be used for the study of breast carcinoma. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups .
    2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid
  • HY-106969A
    ZD 9379 sodium

    		Glycine Receptor (GlyR) iGluR Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
    ZD 9379 sodium is a competitive glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, with an IC50 value of 75 nM (glutamate site). ZD 9379 sodium selectively antagonizes the glycine binding site (GlyB site) on the NMDA receptor, inhibiting the binding of glycine to the NMDA receptor and alleviating excitotoxicity. ZD 9379 sodium reduces the frequency of cortical spreading depression (SDs), alleviates energy depletion in the ischemic penumbra, and delays the expansion of infarction. ZD 9379 sodium reduces the infarct volume and improves neurological function in mouse models. ZD 9379 sodium can be used in studies of acute ischemic stroke, etc .
    ZD 9379 sodium
  • HY-W040045R
    Callistephin chloride (Standard)

    Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK Apoptosis TNF Receptor Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Callistephin chloride (HY-W040045). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Callistephin chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.
    Callistephin chloride (Standard)
  • HY-163772
    Fraxinellone analog 1

    		Keap1-Nrf2 Neurological Disease
    Fraxinellone analog 1 (compound 2) is a potent and rapid activator of the Nrf2 mediated antioxidant defense system, which protects against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and induces the expression of antioxidant genes Gpx4, Sod1, and Nqo1. Fraxinellone analog 1 has neuroprotective effects and regulatory effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, and can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
    Fraxinellone analog 1
  • HY-N12635
    Levinoid C

    		Cytochrome P450 Neurological Disease
    Levinoid C is a Cytochrome P450-modified bacterial terpenoid. Levinoid C shows moderate neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity cell model with an EC50 of 21 μM .
    Levinoid C
  • HY-149094
    Neuroprotective agent 1

    		Drug Derivative Cardiovascular Disease
    Neuroprotective agent 1 (2), a promising neuroprotective agent for the study of ischemic stroke, shows promising neuroprotective activity with the EC50 value of 16.07 μM in the model of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and 19.30 μM in the model of H2O2-induced oxidative damage .
    Neuroprotective agent 1
  • HY-161062
    TAOA AM Ester trimethyl lock

    		EAAT Neurological Disease
    TAOA AM Ester trimethyl lock is a high-affinity fluorescent prodrug-like inhibitor of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT). It can penetrate the cell membrane and be activated by hydrolysis by endogenous cell esterases to form active EAAT inhibitors. TAOA AM Ester trimethyl lock can be used to study neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death .
    TAOA AM Ester trimethyl lock
  • HY-15076
    SPD-502 sodium

    NS-1209 sodium

    		 iGluR Neurological Disease
    SPD-502 sodium is a novel glutamate antagonist with potential neuroprotective properties, particularly in brain ischemia. It selectively targets the AMPA receptor, showing high affinity (IC50 = 0.043 μM) and competitive inhibition of AMPA-induced effects in rat cortical membranes and cultured mouse cortical neurons. In vivo, SPD-502 sodium effectively blocks AMPA-evoked spike activity in the hippocampus after intravenous administration, significantly increasing the seizure threshold in mice and demonstrating robust protection against ischemia-induced damage to hippocampal neurons in gerbils. These findings suggest SPD-502 sodium may be promising for studying neurodegenerative conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity .
    SPD-502 sodium
  • HY-15074
    SPD-502

    NS-1209

    		 iGluR Neurological Disease
    SPD-502 is a novel glutamate antagonist with potential neuroprotective properties, particularly in brain ischemia. It selectively targets the AMPA receptor, showing high affinity (IC50 = 0.043 μM) and competitive inhibition of AMPA-induced effects in rat cortical membranes and cultured mouse cortical neurons. In vivo, SPD-502 effectively blocks AMPA-evoked spike activity in the hippocampus after intravenous administration, significantly increasing the seizure threshold in mice and demonstrating robust protection against ischemia-induced damage to hippocampal neurons in gerbils. These findings suggest SPD-502 may be promising for studying neurodegenerative conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity .
    SPD-502
  • HY-16713
    (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine

    (5S)-Fluorowillardiine; (S)-5-Fluorowillardiine

    		 iGluR Neurological Disease
    (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine ((5S)-Fluorowillardiine; (S)-5-Fluorowillardiine) is a potent, highly selective non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR, AMPA/Kainate receptor) agonist . (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine activates high-affinity AMPA-preferring receptors (EC50 = 0.70 μM) and low-affinity kainate-preferring receptors (EC50 = 170 μM), thereby inducing biphasic dose-dependent neurotoxicity/excitotoxicity. (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine is applicable to research related to schizophrenia, temporal lobe epilepsy, and bipolar disorder .
    (S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine
  • HY-W005255R
    3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Cardiovascular Disease
    Citrinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citrinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .
    3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6746R
    Citrinin (Standard)

    NSC 186 (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Bacterial Fungal Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Citrinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citrinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .
    Citrinin (Standard)
  • HY-N6746S1
    Citrinin-13C13

    NSC 186-13C13

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Apoptosis Bacterial Autophagy Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Citrinin- 13C13 (NSC 186- 13C13) is the 13C labeled Citrinin (HY-N6746). Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .
    Citrinin-13C13
  • HY-179142
    COX-2-IN-60

    		COX TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    COX-2-IN-60 is a potent, orally active, and selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.06 μM. COX-2-IN-60 exhibits ~100-fold selectivity over COX-1 (IC50 = 5.93 ). COX-2-IN-60 reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory cytokines, and effectively counteracts epileptogenesis. COX-2-IN-60 exhibits significant anticonvulsant effects and protects against hippocampal injury by suppressing oxidative stress (reducing MDA and NO), pro-inflammatory signaling (reducing TNF-α and IL-6), and glial activationin in the Pilocarpine (HY-B0726A)-induced seizure mouse model. COX-2-IN-60 can be used for the research on neuroinflammatory and epilepsy .
    COX-2-IN-60
  • HY-131691
    NMDAR blocker 1

    		iGluR Calcium Channel Neurological Disease
    NMDAR blocker 1 is an NMDA receptor channel blocker with an IC50 of 5.0 μM. NMDAR blocker 1 exhibits fast on-off blockade kinetics and strong voltage dependence, and does not compete with glutamate or glycine. NMDAR blocker 1 prevents glutamate/NMDA-induced intracellular Ca 2+ overload, modulates the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. NMDAR blocker 1 prevents in vitro excitotoxic neurodegeneration of cultured cerebellar and hippocampal neurons. NMDAR blocker 1 attenuates excitotoxic insult in an mouse model of hyperammonemia-induced excitotoxicity. NMDAR blocker 1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases .
    NMDAR blocker 1
  • HY-119781
    Kaitocephalin

    PF1191

    		 iGluR Neurological Disease
    Kaitocephalin (PF1191) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist with Ki values of 7.8, 590, and 14000 nM for NMDAR, AMPAR, and KAR, respectively. Kaitocephalin protects neurons by inhibiting excitotoxicity, exhibiting neuroprotective effects. Kaitocephalin can be used in research on neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .
    Kaitocephalin
  • HY-179519
    Umbelopsisin A

    		GABA Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Neurological Disease
    Umbelopsisin A is a GABAA and GABAB non-selective agonist. Umbelopsisin A activates the GABAergic pathway, including notch signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Umbelopsisin A shows dual neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity in vitro (reducing ROS and cell death) and in vivo. Umbelopsisin A can be used for the study of glaucoma and broader neurodegenerative disease applications .
    Umbelopsisin A
  • HY-N12696
    Cistanoside H

    		Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Neurological Disease
    Cistanoside H is a phenylethanoid glycoside neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from the leaves and twigs of Callicarpa dichotoma. Cistanoside H can alleviate glutamate-induced oxidative stress and protect rat cortical cells from neurotoxic damage. Cistanoside H protects nerve cells against excitotoxic damage and can be applied in research related to neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).
    Cistanoside H
  • HY-118817
    Evariquinone

    		Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Calcium Channel JNK ERK p38 MAPK Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Evariquinone is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. JS-0367 of mulberry. Evariquinone possesses direct antioxidant activity. It inhibits excessive phosphorylation of the JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways by suppressing ROS and Ca 2+, thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis. Evariquinone can be used to study glutamate excitotoxicity-related neurological disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, etc.) .
    Evariquinone
  • HY-183871
    WMS-1410

    		iGluR Apoptosis Calcium Channel Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    WMS-1410 is a selective GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor inhibitor with an IC50 of 18.4 nM. WMS-1410 regulates intracellular calcium levels and protects cells from Apoptosis. WMS-1410 inhibits glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. WMS-1410 reverses NMDA/glycine-induced reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without altering physiological insulin secretion or baseline redox status, but fails to counteract insulin content loss induced by glucolipotoxicity. WMS-1410 exhibits analgesic activity against advanced neuropathic pain. WMS-1410 can be used in studies related to stroke, brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes, and neuropathic pain .
    WMS-1410
  • HY-175824
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1

    		iGluR NO Synthase Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Neurological Disease
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 is a inhibitor targeting the PSD-95/nNOS interaction with potential blood-brain barrier penetration. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 binds to the PSD-95 PDZ2 domain with high affinity (Ki = 19.45 μM). PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 inhibits glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by reducing intracellular ROS levels and inhibiting apoptosis. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 significantly reduces cerebral infarct volume in rat tMCAO models. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 can be used for the study of acute ischemic stroke .
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1

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