Labiatae

Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase. Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation. Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR. Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces autophagy.

SN-38 is an active metabolite of the Topoisomerase I inhibitor Irinotecan. SN-38 can bind to RPL15. SN-38 inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis with IC₅₀s of 0.077 and 1.3 μM, respectively. SN-38 is a payload of sacituzumab govitecan (HY -132254).

Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 3.12 μM.

α-Linolenic acid (ALA (free base); C18:3 (9Z,12Z,15Z) (free base); C18:3 n-3 (free base)) is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer.

9-Deoxyforskolin (compound 2) is a labdane-type diterpenoid, and also a forskolin derivative identified in hairy root cultures of Coleus forskohlii.

Shimobashiraside D is a dihydrochalcone C-glycoside found in the aerial parts of Keiskea japonica and is inactive against hyaluronidase.

Qinyangshengenin-3-O-β-D-digitoxopyranoside is a C₂₁ steroidal glycoside that can be found in the whole herb of Prunella vulgaris Linn. Qinyangshengenin-3-O-β-D-digitoxopyranoside can be used for research of leukemia and lung cancer.

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is one of the main compositions in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Tanshinone IIA may suppress angiogenesis by targeting the protein kinase domains of VEGF/VEGFR2.

Oridonin (NSC-250682), a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, acts as an inhibitor of AKT, with IC₅₀s of 8.4 and 8.9 μM for AKT1 and AKT2; Oridonin possesses anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC₅₀s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.

Salvianolic acid B is an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been widely applied in China for the management of various microcirculation-related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetic vascular complication.

Scutellarin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, can down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts. Scutellarin is active against HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1(74V) and HIV-1KM018 with EC₅₀s of 26 μM, 253 μM and 136 μM, respectively.

Salvianolic acid A could protect the blood brain barrier through matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) inhibition and anti-inflammation.

Wogonin is a naturally occurring mono-flavonoid, can inhibit the activity of CDK8 and Wnt, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Cryptotanshinone is a natural compound extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge that shows antitumor activities. Cryptotanshinone inhibits STAT3 with an IC₅₀ of 4.6 μM.

Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an orally active unsaturated fatty acid. Gamma-linolenic acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK. At the same time, it exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis (Apoptosis) in cancer cells. Additionally, Gamma-linolenic acid also has antioxidant and memory-improving effects. It holds promise for research in the fields of inflammation, neurology, and cancer diseases.

Carnosic acid is an orally active lipid absorption inhibitor. Carnosic acid has demonstrated inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, suppression of cell proliferation, and antibacterial activity.

(-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca²⁺-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca²⁺]_i. Antitumor activity.

Carnosol is a potent Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK2) inhibitor that could be useful for treating gastric cancer, with an IC₅₀ of ~5.5 μM. Carnosol, a Nrf2 activator, increases the nuclear levels of Nrf2 and can promote the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1).