2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-RS06067
    HDAC2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC2 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-130538
    1-Naphthohydroxamic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    1-Naphthohydroxamic acid (Compound 2) is a potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 μM. 1-Naphthohydroxamic acid is more selectively for HDAC8 than class I HDAC1 and class II HDAC6 (IC50 >100 μM). 1-Naphthohydroxamic acid does not increase global histone H4 acetylation and also does not reduce total intracellular HDAC activity.1-Naphthohydroxamic acid can induce tubulin acetylation.
    1-Naphthohydroxamic acid
  • HY-159045
    F-SAHA
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    F-SAHA is a HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) and its 18F labeled derivative can be used in tumor imaging research.
    F-SAHA
  • HY-156096
    HDAC3-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC3-IN-2 (compound 4i) is a pyrazinyl hydrazide-based HDAC3 inhibitor (IC50: 14 nM) that efficiently targets triple-negative breast cancer cells. HDAC3-IN-2 is cytotoxic with an IC50 of 0.55 μM against 4T1 and an IC50 of 0.74 μM against MDA-MB-231. HDAC3-IN-2 has anti-tumor efficacy in vivo in tumor-bearing mouse models, selectively increasing the acetylation levels of H3K9, H3K27 and H4K12, increasing the contents of apoptosis-related caspase-3, caspase-7 and cytochrome c, and reducing Proliferation-related Bcl-2, CD44, EGFR, and Ki-67 levels.
    HDAC3-IN-2
  • HY-126141
    JAK/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.63%
    JAK/HDAC-IN-1 is a potent JAK2/HDAC dual inhibitor, exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in several hematological cell lines. JAK/HDAC-IN-1 shows IC50s of 4 and 2 nM for JAK2 and HDAC, respectively.
    JAK/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-125771S
    1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d35
    		Inhibitor 99%
    1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d35 is deuterium labeled 1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (HY-125771). 1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine that inhibits HDAC3 activity and phosphorylation of STAT3 in K562 cells. 1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine induces apoptosis and exhibits anticancer activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells.
    1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d<sub>35</sub>
  • HY-161304
    HDAC6-IN-33
    		Inhibitor 98.96%
    HDAC6-IN-33 (compound 6) is a selective and irreversible HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 193 nM. HDAC6-IN-33 shows no activity against HDAC1-4. HDAC6-IN-33 is a tight-binding HDAC6 inhibitor capable of inhibiting HDAC6 via a two-step slow-binding mechanism.
    HDAC6-IN-33
  • HY-142690A
    HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride (Compound 11h) is a potent, orally active class I HDAC-selective inhibitor with IC50 values ranging from 0.43 to 3.01 nM against HDAC1-3. HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride exhibits both in vivo and in vitro antitumor activity. HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride demonstrates significant anti-proliferative activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines by inducing apoptosis and histone acetylation (AcHH3 and AcHH4). HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride can be used for research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride
  • HY-128763
    HDAC-IN-4
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    HDAC-IN-4 is a selective HDAC6 and HDAC10 inhibitor with pIC50s of 7.2 and 6.8 in BRET assay, respectively. Antitumoral activity.
    HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-124337
    BG48
    		Inhibitor 99.09%
    BG48 is a potent HDAC inhibitor. BG48 inhibits the enzymatic activity of HDAC1 and HDAC2.
    BG48
  • HY-173053
    HDAC-IN-87
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    HDAC-IN-87 (Compound XII6) is a nonselective HDAC inhibitor, with pIC50 of 6.9 (HDAC4) and 5.8 (HDAC6) respectively. HDAC-IN-87 has fungicidal activity against P. sorghi and P. pachyrhizi. HDAC-IN-87 shows an acute oral LD50 of greater than 500 mg/kg in male and female rats.
    HDAC-IN-87
  • HY-112719B
    BRD 4354 ditrifluoroacetate
    		Inhibitor 98.06%
    BRD 4354 (ditrifluoroacetate) is a moderately potent inhibitor of HDAC5 and HDAC9, with IC50s of 0.85 and 1.88 μM, respectively.
    BRD 4354 ditrifluoroacetate
  • HY-131708A
    FNDR-20123
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    FNDR-20123 is a safe, first-in-class, and orally active anti-malarial HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 31 nM and 3 nM for Plasmodium and human HDAC, respectively. FNDR-20123 exerts anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum asexual stage (IC50=41 nM) and sexual blood stage (IC50=190 nM for male gametocytes). FNDR-20123 inhibits HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8 (IC50=25/29/2/11/282 nM, respectively.) and inhibits Class III HDAC isoforms at nanomolar concentrations.
    FNDR-20123
  • HY-114303
    CM-675
    		Inhibitor 99.53%
    CM-675 is a dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and class I histone deacetylases-selective inhibitor, with IC50 values of 114 nM and 673 nM for PDE5 and HDAC1, respectively. CM-675 has potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
    CM-675
  • HY-178948
    HDAC10-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC10-IN-3 (Compound 2a) is a potent HDAC10 inhibitor with an IC50s of 0.41, 37, 350 and 4500 nM against HDAC10, HDAC6, HDAC8 and HDAC1. HDAC10-IN-3 exhibits moderate cytotoxicity in KB and SK-OV-3 cells, but does not show significant cytotoxicity against most cancer cell lines. HDAC10-IN-3 can be used for the study of cancers.
    HDAC10-IN-3
  • HY-10585S4
    Valproic acid-d4-1
    		Inhibitor 99.5%
    Valproic acid-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.
    Valproic acid-d<sub>4</sub>-1
  • HY-155840
    KH16
    		Inhibitor 98.62%
    KH16 is a potent and low nanomolar HDAC inhibitor. KH16 is against class I HDACs HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, with IC50 values ranging from 6 to 34 nM. KH16 induces cell apoptosis and is against tumor cells with various gene expression patterns.
    KH16
  • HY-RS06059
    Hdac1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac1 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-173076A
    HDAC11-IN-1 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    HDAC11-IN-1 (Compound 14-NC6OH) TFA is a selective macrocyclic inhibitor of HDAC11 with a Ki of 40 nM. HDAC11-IN-1 TFA exhibits good cell permeability and can inhibit the expression of YAP1 and SOX2.
    HDAC11-IN-1 TFA
  • HY-12954
    PTACH
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    PTACH (NCH-51) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 48 nM, 32 nM, and 41 nM for HDAC1, HDAC4, and HDAC6, respectively. PTACH exerts potent growth inhibition against various cancer cells (EC50s of 1.1-9.1 μM) .
    PTACH
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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