2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-RS06068
    Hdac2 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac2 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac2 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac2 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-143877
    NN-390
    		Inhibitor
    NN-390 is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 9.8 nM. NN-390 penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB). NN-390 shows study potential in metastatic Group 3 MB (medulloblastoma).
    NN-390
  • HY-RS06080
    Hdac6 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Hdac6 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Hdac6 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Hdac6 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-151263
    G4/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    G4/HDAC-IN-1 (compound a6) is a G4/HDAC dual-targeting compound. G4/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits intracellular HDAC activity with an IC50 value of 1.1 μM, and induces G4 formation. G4/HDAC-IN-1 inhibits TNBC proliferation and tumor growth in TNBC xenograft model. G4/HDAC-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer.
    G4/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-146293
    HDAC6/HSP90-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6/HSP90-IN-1 (compound 17) is a potent and selective dual inhibitor of HDAC6 and HSP90, with IC50 values of 4.3 and 46.8 nM, respectively. HDAC6/HSP90-IN-1 down-regulates PD-L1 expression in INF-γ treated H1975 lung cancer cells. HDAC6/HSP90-IN-1 inhibits tumor growth in human H1975 xenograft mice.
    HDAC6/HSP90-IN-1
  • HY-178022
    HDAC6-IN-63
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-63 (Compound 7) is an orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 145  nM. HDAC6-IN-63 inhibits the expression of Sp1 and RAD51, thereby inducing Caspase-dependent apoptosis. HDAC6-IN-63 has antitumor activity and sensitizes Etoposide (HY-13629) and Gemcitabine (HY-17026), promoting synergistic death of NSCLC cells through the inhibition of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways involved in DNA DSB repair. HDAC6-IN-63 can be used for chemotherapy of cancers like NSCLC research.
    HDAC6-IN-63
  • HY-170890
    Largazole thiol
    		Inhibitor
    Largazole thiol, the active form of Largazole (HY-13906), is a potent, selective and brain-penetrant class I HDAC inhibitor. Largazole thiol. Largazole thiol exerts antitumor and neuroprotective effects. Largazole thiol can be used for research of Glioblastoma.
    Largazole thiol
  • HY-176058
    HDAC6-IN-57
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-57 (compound 9c) is an HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7 nM. HDAC6-IN-57 inhibits 60 cancer cell lines with a mean GI50 of 2.64 μM while exhibiting significantly lower cytotoxicity towards non-tumor cell lines.
    HDAC6-IN-57
  • HY-115885
    XP5
    		Inhibitor
    XP5 is a potent, orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 31 nM. XP5 displays high antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines including the HDACi-resistant YCC3/7 gastric cancer cells (IC50=0.16-2.31 μM). XP5 enhances antitumor immunity when combined with a PD-L1 inhibitor in melanoma.
    XP5
  • HY-175467
    HDAC6/HSP90-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6/HSP90-IN-3 (Compound 17) is an orally active dual histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor with IC50 values of 28 nM and 0.88 μM, respectively. HDAC6/HSP90-IN-3 is promising for research of malignant tumors such as prostate cancer.
    HDAC6/HSP90-IN-3
  • HY-174221
    IMPDH II/HDAC1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    IMPDH II/HDAC1-IN-1 (Compound C12) is an orally active, selective dual IMPDH II/HDAC1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 84.69 nM against hIMPDH II and an IC50 of 81.75 nM against HDAC1. IMPDH II/HDAC1-IN-1 inhibits the proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. IMPDH II/HDAC1-IN-1 can be used for the research of chronic myeloid leukemia.
    IMPDH II/HDAC1-IN-1
  • HY-146750
    HDAC-IN-37
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-37 is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.0551 μM, 1.24 μM, 0.948 μM and 34.2 μM for HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC8 and HDAC6, respectively. HDAC-IN-37 induces histone acetylation in a slow-off manner. HDAC-IN-37 prevents cell transition from G1 phase to S phase and induces early cell apoptosis.
    HDAC-IN-37
  • HY-157152
    HDAC-IN-65
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-65 ( compound 6) is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.5μM. HDAC-IN-65 is a prodrug with very good bioreductive properties.
    HDAC-IN-65
  • HY-150004
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3 (Compound 15f) is a dual c-Met and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 12.50 nM and 26.97 nM against c-Met and HDAC1, respectively. c-Met/HDAC-IN-3 induces apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-146160
    PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1 is a PARP-1/HDAC6 dual targeting inhibitor with IC50s of 68.90 nM and 510 nM, respectively. PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1 displays remarkable anticancer, anti-migration and anti-angiogenesis activities.
    PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-144395
    HDAC6-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-4 (C10) is a potent, orally active and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 23 nM. HDAC6-IN-4 induces cancer cells apoptosis and shows significant antitumor efficacy, without obvious toxicity.
    HDAC6-IN-4
  • HY-161954
    HDAC8-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-12 (compound 5k) is a non-hydroxamic acid, selective inhibitor of HDAC8 (IC50: 0.12 nM) and a potent inhibitor of breast cancer. HDAC8-IN-12 triggers anti-tumor immunity by activating T cells, increasing the proportion of M1 macrophages and decreasing the proportion of M2 macrophages. HDAC8-IN-12 (50 mg/kg) exerts tumor suppressive effects in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer.
    HDAC8-IN-12
  • HY-179271
    CA/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CA/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 11) is a CA and HDAC inhibitor with Ki values of 7.4 nM, 31.0 nM, and 7.3 nM for hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII, respectively, and IC50 values of 0.21 μM and 3.60 μM for HDAC3 and HDAC8, respectively. CA/HDAC-IN-1 has anti-cancer activity against colon cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma.
    CA/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-163834
    HDAC6-IN-47
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-47 (Compound S-29b) is inhibitor for HDAC, which exhibits high affinities to HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, HDAC10 with Ki of 60, 56, 162, 0.44, 362 and 849 nM, respectively. HDAC6-IN-47 causes tubulin hyperacetylation in MV4-11, inhibits the proliferation of MV4-11 with an EC50 of 0.50 µM. HDAC6-IN-47 can be used in research of leukemia.
    HDAC6-IN-47
  • HY-174396
    PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 (Compound 22E) is an orally active and dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ and HDAC6 with IC50 values of 2.4 nM and 6.2 nM, respectively. PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 exhibits potent antiproliferative effects on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cells and possesses in vivo antitumor activity without significant toxicity. PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis. PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 blocks the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and increases the acetylation levels of α-tubulin and histone H3.
    PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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