Search Result

Results for "

respiratory+chain

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Akt (10) AMPK (13) Amyloid-β (1) Antibiotic (12) Apoptosis (25) ATP Synthase (4) Autophagy (14) Bacterial (15) Biochemical Assay Reagents (3) Caspase (2) ClpP (2) COX (1) Cytochrome P450 (4) Dopamine Receptor (1) Drug Derivative (1) Drug Isomer (1) Drug Metabolite (1) Endogenous Metabolite (5) Environmental Pollutants (2) Fungal (9) GSK-3 (1) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (1) Insulin Receptor (2) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (7) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) Lactate Dehydrogenase (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (17) Mitophagy (9) MMP (10) Monoamine Oxidase (1) mTOR (12) Oxidative Phosphorylation (2) Parasite (10) Phosphatase (1) PI3K (11) PKC (2) Potassium Channel (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (5) Reference Standards (9) RXFP Receptor (4) Sigma Receptor (1) Succinate Dehydrogenase (4) TNF Receptor (1) Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1) Wnt (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (27) Cardiovascular Disease (11) Endocrinology (3) Infection (29) Inflammation/Immunology (20) Metabolic Disease (23) Neurological Disease (22)

By Targets:

Akt (10)

AMPK (13)

Amyloid-β (1)

Antibiotic (12)

Apoptosis (25)

ATP Synthase (4)

Autophagy (14)

Bacterial (15)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (3)

Caspase (2)

ClpP (2)

COX (1)

Cytochrome P450 (4)

Dopamine Receptor (1)

Drug Derivative (1)

Drug Isomer (1)

Drug Metabolite (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (5)

Environmental Pollutants (2)

Fungal (9)

GSK-3 (1)

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (1)

Insulin Receptor (2)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (7)

Keap1-Nrf2 (2)

Lactate Dehydrogenase (1)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (17)

Mitophagy (9)

MMP (10)

Monoamine Oxidase (1)

mTOR (12)

Oxidative Phosphorylation (2)

Parasite (10)

Phosphatase (1)

PI3K (11)

PKC (2)

Potassium Channel (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (5)

Reference Standards (9)

RXFP Receptor (4)

Sigma Receptor (1)

Succinate Dehydrogenase (4)

TNF Receptor (1)

Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1)

Wnt (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (27)

Cardiovascular Disease (11)

Endocrinology (3)

Infection (29)

Inflammation/Immunology (20)

Metabolic Disease (23)

Neurological Disease (22)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

GMP Molecules

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0627

Metformin Maximum Cited Publications 196 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-W008719

MPP+ iodide 30+ Cited Publications	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-17471A

Metformin hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 196 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-112847A

Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium 35+ Cited Publications Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate sodium	Mitophagy	Inflammation/Immunology
Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate sodium) is a long chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium binds the CD36 receptor on the surface of microglia. Anti-inflammatory effect .

HY-16397A

Phenformin hydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications Phenethylbiguanide hydrochloride	Apoptosis mTOR Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .

HY-101180

C2 Ceramide 2 Publications Verification Ceramide 2	Phosphatase Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Autophagy	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits *mitochondrial respiratory chain* complex III**. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss .

HY-P3479

Insulin (swine)	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin (swine) is an orally active insulin derived from pigs. Insulin (swine) when administered orally acts as an antigen to reduce the severity of pancreatic lymphocyte infiltration, but has no metabolic effect on blood glucose levels. Insulin (swine) increases glucose oxidation, stimulates lipogenesis, and lowers blood glucose levels. Insulin (swine) can be used in diabetes research .

HY-134575

C24:1-Ceramide	Apoptosis GSK-3	Others
C24:1-Ceramide is one of the most abundant naturally occurring ceramide. Ceramides regulates many diverse biological activities, such as cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain .

HY-16397

Phenformin 5+ Cited Publications Phenethylbiguanide	Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Apoptosis Autophagy mTOR	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-W008923

Doxycycline monohydrate 170+ Cited Publications	MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline monohydrate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline monohydrate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline monohydrate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline monohydrate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline monohydrate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline monohydrate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-135549

Fluxapyroxad 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Cytochrome P450 Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Fluxapyroxad is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide for the control of fungal diseases. Fluxapyroxad inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in inhibition of spore germination, germ tubes and mycelia growth within the fungus target species .

HY-113285

Ureidopropionic acid 3-Ureidopropionic acid	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Ureidopropionic acid (3-Ureidopropionic acid) is a selective *mitochondrial respiratory chain* complex V inhibitor. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species**, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .

HY-P2733

Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli 2 Publications Verification GPO	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial	Infection Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli (GPO) is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also a substrate in the respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli produces electrons through oxidation. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli is an enzyme with important functions in the field of biochemistry, and is widely used in medical testing and scientific research .

HY-129115

S1QEL1.1	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase	Others
S1QEL1.1 is a small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at the IQ site during reverse electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (Complex I), with an IC₅₀ of 0.07 μM. S1QEL1.1 can significantly reduce the activation of cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. S1QEL1.1 helps to decrease excessive proliferation of stem cells by inhibiting the Reactive Oxygen Species signaling pathway initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress .

HY-17471AR

Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N0565S1

Doxycycline-d3 (hyclate) (major)	Isotope-Labeled Compounds MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline-d₃ hyclate (major) is the deuterium labeled Doxycycline hyclate (HY-N0565B). Doxycycline hyclate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hyclate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hyclate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hyclate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hyclate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hyclate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-W014684

Lilial	Environmental Pollutants Keap1-Nrf2 Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Endocrinology
Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .

HY-P3432

DfTat	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
DfTat is a dimer of the prototypical cell-penetrating peptide TAT. DfTat can deliver small molecules, peptides and proteins into live cells with a particularly high efficiency. DfTat labeled with the rhodamine can be used as a tracer for easy detection .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N0565AR

Doxycycline (hydrochloride) (Standard)	Reference Standards MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxycycline hydrochloride (HY-N0565A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-N0565R

Doxycycline (Standard)	Reference Standards MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxycycline (HY-N0565). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxycycline is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-N0565BR

Doxycycline hyclate (Standard) Doxycycline (hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate) (Standard); WC2031 (Standard)	Reference Standards MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline hyclate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxycycline hyclate (HY-N0565B). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxycycline hyclate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hyclate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hyclate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hyclate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hyclate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hyclate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-112847

Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate	Mitophagy	Inflammation/Immunology
Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate) is a long chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate binds the CD36 receptor on the surface of microglia. Anti-inflammatory effect .

HY-117897

CK-2-68 1 Publications Verification	Parasite	Infection
CK-2-68 is an inhibitor for complex III in protozoan mitochondrial respiratory chain, by targeting the alternative NADH dehydrogenase (NDH2) of the malarial parasite Plasmodium. CK-2-68 exhibits antimalaria efficacy, that inhibits Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes with an IC₅₀ of 40 nM .

HY-146145

Metyltetraprole	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Metyltetraprole is a promising fungicide with EC₅₀ values of both 0.002 ppm against sensitive wild-type and G143A mutant of Zymoseptoria tritici. Metyltetraprole is effective against QoI (quinone outside inhibitor) resistant strains. Metyltetraprole inhibits the respiratory chain via complex III .

HY-112847B

(E/Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (E/Z)-Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate sodium	Transmembrane Glycoprotein Mitochondrial Metabolism Drug Isomer	Inflammation/Immunology
(E/Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is the racemate of (E)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium and (Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate sodium) is a long-chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium binds to the CD36 receptor on the surface of microglial cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium exhibits anti-inflammatory effects .

HY-125857B

Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Caspase	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a type C cytochrome located in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. As an electron carrier, Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transfers electrons between complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, CIV) of the respiratory chain. Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can play a crucial role in triggering apoptosis by being released from the mitochondria into the cytosol .

HY-N9279

Dehydromonocrotaline Monocrotaline pyrrole; MCTP; 3,8-Didehydromonocrotaline	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Dehydromonocrotaline is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I NADH oxidase inhibitor, with a IC₅₀ of 62.06 μM and a K_i of 8.1 μM in rats. Dehydromonocrotaline exerts non-competitive inhibitory effects by modifying cysteine thiol groups on complex I, and does not bind to the NADH-binding site. Dehydromonocrotaline dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP levels. Dehydromonocrotaline can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hypertension and liver tumors .

HY-162650

SL44	ClpP	Cancer
SL44 is an agonist for human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP), with an EC₅₀ of 1.30 μM. SL44 inhibits the proliferation of LM3 with an IC₅₀ of 3.1 μM. SL44 induces apoptosis in HCC cells, through the degradation of respiratory chain complex subunits. SL44 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse models without obvious toxicity (LD₅₀=400 mg/kg). SL44 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characters in rat models .

HY-W049881

9-Methyl-β-carboline	Dopamine Receptor PI3K Monoamine Oxidase	Neurological Disease
9-Methyl-β-carboline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and dopaminergic modulator, with an IC₅₀ of 1 μM against human MAO-A and an IC₅₀ of 15.5 μM against human MAO-B. 9-Methyl-β-carboline possesses cognitive enhancement potential and can cross the blood-brain barrier. 9-Methyl-β-carboline increases dopamine levels by inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and microglial proliferation. 9-Methyl-β-carboline activates PKA/PKC and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, promotes neurotrophic factor expression and reduces α-synuclein (α-synuclein) levels, thereby reversing neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron damage. 9-Methyl-β-carboline also regulates the PI3K pathway and exerts an anti-proliferative effect on astrocytes. 9-Methyl-β-carboline is widely used in Parkinson's disease-related studies .

HY-132178B

Cytochrome C oxidase	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) (EC 7.1.1.9) is the unique terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) in mammals. Cytochrome C oxidase is made up of thirteen subunits that catalyze the transfer of electrons from ferro-cytochrome c to molecular oxygen .

HY-155556

ZG36	ClpP	Cancer
ZG36 is a human Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) agonist. ZG36 non-selectively degrades respiratory chain complexes and reduces mitochondrial DNA, ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and leukemic cell death. ZG36 also inhibits the development of acute myeloid leukemia in a xenograft mouse model .

HY-W008719S

MPP+-d3iodide	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-N0565AS

Doxycycline-d3 (hydrochloride)	Isotope-Labeled Compounds MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Doxycycline hydrochloride (HY-N0565A). Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-N0565S3

Doxycycline-13C,d3	Isotope-Labeled Compounds MMP Parasite Bacterial Antibiotic Apoptosis Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline- ¹³C,d₃ is ¹³C and deuterium labeled Doxycycline (HY-N0565). Doxycycline is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-139205

BMT-297376	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Inflammation/Immunology
BMT-297376 is an optimized derivative of Linrodostat (HY-101560). BMT-297376 inhibits IDO1 and the ubiquinone (Q) site of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. BMT-297376 is suitable for tumor immunology-related research .

HY-P2733B

Glycerol 3-phosphate Oxidase, Aerococcus viridans GPO, Aerococcus viridans	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, Aerococcus viridans (GPO, Aerococcus viridans) is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also a substrate of respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase produces electrons through oxidation .

HY-P2733A

Glycerol 3-phosphate Oxidase, Pedio coccus sp. GPO, Pedio coccus sp.	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, Pedio coccus sp. (GPO, Pedio coccus sp.) is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also a substrate in the respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase produces electrons through oxidation .

HY-P10204

FZD7 antagonist 1	Wnt	Cancer
FZD7 antagonist 1 (peptide 34) is a dFz7-21 analogue. FZD7 antagonist 1 is an FZD7 antagonist that inhibits the wnt3a with IC₅₀ value of 9.2 nM. FZD7 antagonist 1 blocks TcdB−FZD interaction via targeting FZD receptors .

HY-W014684R

Lilial (Standard)	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Endocrinology
Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .

HY-W715444

Mucidin	Antibiotic Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Mucidin is an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits electron-transfer reactions in the cytochrome bc1 complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain .

HY-P4890

Relaxin H3 (human)	RXFP Receptor	Neurological Disease
Relaxin H3 (human) is a kind of relaxin peptide. Relaxin H3 (human) exerts antifibrotic actions via RXFP1 .

HY-P10693

CZEN-002	TNF Receptor Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
CZEN-002 is a derivative of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, inhibiting the production of TNF-α .

HY-N9680

Coenzyme Q8 Ubiquinone 8	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Coenzyme Q8 (Ubiquinone 8) is an isoprenoid quinone that mediates electron transfer within the aerobic respiratory chain and reduces oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q8 maintains bacterial respiratory function and enhances host resistance to bacterial infection. Coenzyme Q8 stimulates macrophage phagocytosis and increases antibody-producing cells. Coenzyme Q8 can be used in infectious disease research .

HY-P11246

A13:B7-24-GG	RXFP Receptor	Metabolic Disease
A13:B7-24-GG is an engineered analogue of insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5), a selective RXFP4 agonist with a K_i value of 2.29 nM. A13:B7-24-GG has an extremely low binding affinity for RXFP3 (K_i = 602.56 nM) and an inhibitory effect on cAMP (EC₅₀) of 1.17 nM. Activation of RXFP4 by A13:B7-24-GG leads to the recruitment of β-Arrestin2, with an EC₅₀ of 22.39 nM. A13:B7-24-GG can be used for research on chronic constipation .

HY-B0627A

Metformin (glycinate) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide (glycinate)	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) glycinate inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin glycinate exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin glycinate also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin glycinate regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-13C2 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-W700643

Di-N-desethyl amiodarone hydrochloride	Drug Metabolite Potassium Channel Autophagy	Cancer
Di-N-desethyl Amiodarone hydrochloride is a metabolite of Amiodarone (HY-14187). Di-N-desethyl Amiodarone hydrochloride is a strong inhibitor of the respiratory chain .

HY-116943

MTC420	Bacterial	Infection
MTC420 (compound 42a) is a heterocyclic quinolone compound that targets the respiratory chain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and exhibits antituberculosis activity (Rep Mtb: IC₅₀=525 nM, Wayne Mtb: IC₅₀=76 nM, MDR Mtb: IC₅₀=140 nM) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-N0565AG

Doxycycline (hydrochloride)

Fluorescent Dyes

Doxycycline hydrochloride GMP is Doxycycline (hydrochloride) (HY-N0565A) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-125857B

Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a type C cytochrome located in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. As an electron carrier, Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transfers electrons between complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, CIV) of the respiratory chain. Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can play a crucial role in triggering apoptosis by being released from the mitochondria into the cytosol .

HY-N0565AG

Doxycycline (hydrochloride)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P3479

Insulin (swine)	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin (swine) is an orally active insulin derived from pigs. Insulin (swine) when administered orally acts as an antigen to reduce the severity of pancreatic lymphocyte infiltration, but has no metabolic effect on blood glucose levels. Insulin (swine) increases glucose oxidation, stimulates lipogenesis, and lowers blood glucose levels. Insulin (swine) can be used in diabetes research .

HY-P3432

DfTat	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
DfTat is a dimer of the prototypical cell-penetrating peptide TAT. DfTat can deliver small molecules, peptides and proteins into live cells with a particularly high efficiency. DfTat labeled with the rhodamine can be used as a tracer for easy detection .

HY-P10204

FZD7 antagonist 1	Wnt	Cancer
FZD7 antagonist 1 (peptide 34) is a dFz7-21 analogue. FZD7 antagonist 1 is an FZD7 antagonist that inhibits the wnt3a with IC₅₀ value of 9.2 nM. FZD7 antagonist 1 blocks TcdB−FZD interaction via targeting FZD receptors .

HY-P11361

Des B30 Insulin	Peptides	Metabolic Disease
Des B30 Insulin is a bioactive insulin analogue lacking the B30 amino acid residue. Des B30 Insulin can be used for the study of diabetes .

HY-P4890

Relaxin H3 (human)	RXFP Receptor	Neurological Disease
Relaxin H3 (human) is a kind of relaxin peptide. Relaxin H3 (human) exerts antifibrotic actions via RXFP1 .

HY-P10693

CZEN-002	TNF Receptor Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
CZEN-002 is a derivative of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, inhibiting the production of TNF-α .

HY-P11246

A13:B7-24-GG	RXFP Receptor	Metabolic Disease
A13:B7-24-GG is an engineered analogue of insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5), a selective RXFP4 agonist with a K_i value of 2.29 nM. A13:B7-24-GG has an extremely low binding affinity for RXFP3 (K_i = 602.56 nM) and an inhibitory effect on cAMP (EC₅₀) of 1.17 nM. Activation of RXFP4 by A13:B7-24-GG leads to the recruitment of β-Arrestin2, with an EC₅₀ of 22.39 nM. A13:B7-24-GG can be used for research on chronic constipation .

HY-P4062

Insulin peglispro BIL	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin peglispro (BIL) is a basal insulin with a flat, prolonged activity profile. Insulin peglispro can exhibit better glycaemic control compared to conventional insulins .

HY-P4890A

Relaxin H3 (human) TFA	RXFP Receptor	Neurological Disease
Relaxin H3 (human) (TFA) is a kind of relaxin peptide. Relaxin H3 (human) (TFA) exerts antifibrotic actions via RXFP1 .

HY-P1372

PKC ζ pseudosubstrate	PKC	Others
PKC ζ pseudosubstrate, a PKC ζ inhibitor peptide, can be attached to cell permeabilization vector peptide .

HY-P1371

Pseudo RACK1 KKWKMRRNQFWIKIQRC CSVEIWD*	PKC	Others
Pseudo RACK1, a peptide, is a PKC agonist with homologous sequences of PKC. Pseudo RACK1 interacts selectively with β-PKC at an autoregulatory site (RACK-binding site) and activates it in the absence of PKC activators, following inducing PKC-mediated histone phosphorylation .

HY-P10014

Bibapcitide	Peptides	Cardiovascular Disease
Bibapcitide, a 26 amino acid, inhibits thrombosis .

HY-P11812

MLS peptide	Mitochondrial Metabolism Cytochrome P450	Metabolic Disease
MLS peptide is a Mitochondria-targeting peptide. MLS peptide participates in respiratory chain function via encoding Cytochrome C oxidase .

HY-P11548

Rattusin	Bacterial	Infection
Rattusin is an antimicrobial peptide. Rattusin exerts bactericidal activity by damaging membrane integrity. Rattusin can be used for antimicrobial research .

HY-P11625

R9-13	RXFP Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
R9-13 is a fatty acid-conjugated relaxin and an agonist of LGR7 (RXFP1). R9-13 induces sustained pubic symphysis elongation in estrogen-pretreated mice. R9-13 exhibits long-acting pharmacokinetic profiles in rodents, with in vivo activity lasting up to one week after administration. R9-13 can be used in studies related to acute heart failure .

HY-P11471

(K(C10)GGGRrRPC)2	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection
(K(C10)GGGRrRPC)2 (Compound (C-C10)C-C) is a dimeric lipopeptide and antibacterial agent. (K(C10)GGGRrRPC)2 enhances the accumulation of ROS, inhibits the bacterial respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity. (K(C10)GGGRrRPC)2 exhibits significant inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. (K(C10)GGGRrRPC)2 exhibits antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii AB1901, A. baumannii AB1902, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25349, Staphylococcus aureus 11011, with MICs of 4 μM, 8 μM, 4 μM, and 8 μM, respectively. (K(C10)GGGRrRPC)2 shows antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli ATCC 25922 .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-113285

Ureidopropionic acid 3-Ureidopropionic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Ureidopropionic acid (3-Ureidopropionic acid) is a selective *mitochondrial respiratory chain* complex V inhibitor. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species**, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .

HY-N9279

Dehydromonocrotaline Monocrotaline pyrrole; MCTP; 3,8-Didehydromonocrotaline	Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Structural Classification Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Dehydromonocrotaline is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I NADH oxidase inhibitor, with a IC₅₀ of 62.06 μM and a K_i of 8.1 μM in rats. Dehydromonocrotaline exerts non-competitive inhibitory effects by modifying cysteine thiol groups on complex I, and does not bind to the NADH-binding site. Dehydromonocrotaline dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP levels. Dehydromonocrotaline can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hypertension and liver tumors .

HY-N9680

Coenzyme Q8 Ubiquinone 8	Quinones Structural Classification Leguminosae Pisum sativum Linn Benzene Quinones Plants Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Coenzyme Q8 (Ubiquinone 8) is an isoprenoid quinone that mediates electron transfer within the aerobic respiratory chain and reduces oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q8 maintains bacterial respiratory function and enhances host resistance to bacterial infection. Coenzyme Q8 stimulates macrophage phagocytosis and increases antibody-producing cells. Coenzyme Q8 can be used in infectious disease research .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N0565S1

Doxycycline-d3 (hyclate) (major)

Doxycycline-d₃ hyclate (major) is the deuterium labeled Doxycycline hyclate (HY-N0565B). Doxycycline hyclate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hyclate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hyclate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hyclate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hyclate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hyclate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6

Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-W008719S

MPP+-d3iodide

MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-N0565AS

Doxycycline-d3 (hydrochloride)

Doxycycline-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Doxycycline hydrochloride (HY-N0565A). Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-N0565S3

Doxycycline-13C,d3

Doxycycline- ¹³C,d₃ is ¹³C and deuterium labeled Doxycycline (HY-N0565). Doxycycline is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride

Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-16397AS

Phenformin-d5 hydrochloride

Phenformin-d₅ (Phenethylbiguanide-d₅) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-N0565AG

Doxycycline (hydrochloride)	Apoptosis MMP Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline hydrochloride GMP is Doxycycline (hydrochloride) (HY-N0565A) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

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respiratory+chain

Inhibitors & Agonists

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

NaturalProducts

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

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