2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W103792
    4-Phenylcinnamic acid
    		Inhibitor
    4-Phenylcinnamic acid is a weak HDAC2 inhiibitor (IC50 > 5 μM). 4-Phenylcinnamic acid has weak cell growth inhibition against tumor cells.
    4-Phenylcinnamic acid
  • HY-178970
    HDAC11-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC11-IN-4 is a potent and selective HDAC11 inhibitor with an IC50 of 13.49 nM and a Ki of 2.2 nM. HDAC11-IN-4 exhibits extremely high selectivity for HDAC11 over other defatty-acylases such as SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT6, and HDAC8 (SI >10,000). HDAC11-IN-4 can be used for the research of cancer.
    HDAC11-IN-4
  • HY-151261
    HDAC6-IN-13
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    HDAC6-IN-13 (Compound 35m) is a potent, highly selective, orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.019 μM. HDAC6-IN-13 also inhibits HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 with IC50s of 1.53, 2.06 and 1.03 μM, respectively. HDAC6-IN-13 shows significant BBB permeability and anti-inflammatory activity.
    HDAC6-IN-13
  • HY-18947
    SKLB-23bb
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    SKLB-23bb is a potent and selective inhibitor for HDAC6 with an IC50 of 17 nM and shows 25-fold and 200-fold selectivity relative to HDAC1 (IC50=422 nM) and HDAC8 (IC50=3398 nM), respectively.
    SKLB-23bb
  • HY-120508
    Pivanex
    		Inhibitor
    Pivanex (AN-9), a derivative of Butyric acid, is an orally active HDAC inhibitor. Pivanex down-regulates bcr-abl protein and enhances apoptosis. Pivanex has antimetastic and antiangiogenic properties.
    Pivanex
  • HY-148624
    CHDI-00484077
    		Inhibitor 98.38%
    CHDI-00484077 (Compound 12) is a CNS-penetrant class IIa HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.01 μM (HDAC4), 0.02 μM(HDAC5), 0.02 μM (HDAC7), 0.03 μM (HDAC9) respectively. CHDI-00484077 can be used for research of huntington’s disease.
    CHDI-00484077
  • HY-RS06061
    HDAC10 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    HDAC10 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for HDAC10 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    HDAC10 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-15654R
    Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA sodium) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
    Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (Standard)
  • HY-N8707
    Homobutein
    		Inhibitor 98.35%
    Homobutein a natural chalcones (can be found in many medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, spices and nuts), is a potent HDACs/NF-κB dual inhibitor with IC50s of 190 and 38 μM, respectively. Homobutein also a chelator of iron (II and III) cations, shows various activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiparasite and antioxidation.
    Homobutein
  • HY-139701
    NI-Pano
    		Inhibitor
    NI-Pano (CH-03) is a novel hypoxia-activated KDAC inhibitor. NI-Pano (CH-03) is reduced in an O2-dependent manner to release panobinostat.
    NI-Pano
  • HY-123976A
    MPT0G211 mesylate
    		Inhibitor
    MPT0G211 mesylate is a potent, orally active and selective HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50=0.291 nM). MPT0G211 mesylate displays >1000-fold selective for HDAC6 over other HDAC isoforms. MPT0G211 mesylate can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. MPT0G211 mesylate ameliorates tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease model. MPT0G211 mesylate has anti-metastatic and neuroprotective effects. Anticancer activities.
    MPT0G211 mesylate
  • HY-146678
    HDAC6-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-5 (compound 11b) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity.
    HDAC6-IN-5
  • HY-112147
    IDO1 and HDAC1 Inhibitor
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1 and HDAC1 Inhibitor (Compound 10) is a dual IDO1 and HDAC1 inhibitor with IC50s of 69.0 nM and 66.5 nM, respectively.
    IDO1 and HDAC1 Inhibitor
  • HY-112806
    ST8155AA1
    		Inhibitor
    ST8155AA1 is a part of antibody agent conjugates (ADCs) charged with HDAC inhibitor. ST8155AA1 induces α-tubulin, histone H3/H4 acetylation via direct enzymatic inhibition. ST8155AA1 recognizes and binds EGFR, undergoes internalization into EGFR-expressing tumor cells. ST8155AA1 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and exerts activity in mouse tumor models. ST8155AA1 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer.
    ST8155AA1
  • HY-151464
    SHP2/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    SHP2/HDAC-IN-1 is a dual allosteric SHP2/HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 20.4 nM (SHP2) and 25.3 nM (HDAC1) respectively. SHP2/HDAC-IN-1 triggers efficient antitumor immunity by activating T cells, enhancing the antigen presentation function and promoting cytokine secretion. SHP2/HDAC-IN-1 can be used in the research of cancer immunoresearch.
    SHP2/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-112908
    RTS-V5
    		Inhibitor
    RTS-V5 is a dual HDAC/proteasome inhibitor with IC50s of 6.9, 18, 15, 0.27, 0.53 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively.
    RTS-V5
  • HY-143497
    HDAC1/2 and CDK2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1/2 and CDK2-IN-1 (compound 14d) is a potent HDAC1, HDAC2 and CDK2 dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 70.7, 23.1 and 0.80 μM, respectively. HDAC1/2 and CDK2-IN-1 can block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. HDAC1/2 and CDK2-IN-1 exhibits desirable in vivo antitumor activity.
    HDAC1/2 and CDK2-IN-1
  • HY-105246
    Pracinostat dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Pracinostat dihydrochloride is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with IC50s of 40-140 nM, used for cancer research. Pracinostat dihydrochloride also inhibits metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2) hydrolase activity with an EC50 below 10 nM.
    Pracinostat dihydrochloride
  • HY-128582
    PI3K/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PI3K/HDAC-IN-1 is a potent dual inhibitor of PI3K/HDAC, potently inhibits PI3Kδ and HDAC1 with IC50s of 8.1 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively.
    PI3K/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-138799A
    KA2507 monohydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.43%
    KA2507 hydrochloride is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of HDAC6 (IC50=2.5 nM) with no significant toxicities. KA2507 hydrochloride shows antitumor efficacy and immune modulatory effects.
    KA2507 monohydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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