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ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
DOTAP methylsulfat is a cationic lipid reagent, a cationic derivative of trimethylammonium, linked to two 18-carbon fatty acid tails, each with a single olefin group. DOTAP methylsulfat can self-assemble with negatively charged ions (such as DNA) to form complexes, which can be adsorbed to the cell membrane surface and enter the cell by electrostatic interaction and endocytosis, respectively. DOTAP methylsulfat promotes endosomal membrane fusion with its own hydrophobic domain, releases DNA into the cytoplasm, and exerts gene delivery function. DOTAP methylsulfat can be widely used in research fields such as gene therapy, cell transfection, and non-viral vector design .
ML-SA5 is a potent TRPML1 cation channel agonist that activates the entire endosomal TRPML1 (ML1) current in DMD myocytes with an EC50 of 285 nM and is more potent than ML-SA1. ML-SA5 has anticancer activity and can inhibit tumour growth .
AT791 is a potent and orally bioavailable TLR7 and TLR9 inhibitor. AT791 inhibits TLR7 and 9 signaling in a variety of human and mouse cell types and inhibits DNA-TLR9 interaction in vitro .
Mannan is an orally active polysaccharide compound that binds to the mannose receptor (MR). Mannan promotes bacterial uptake and endosomal degradation by binding to MR, thereby enhancing the production of IL-12 in immune cells. Mannan enhances ROS production. Mannan modulates immunity, inhibits Aflatoxin B1 (HY-N6615)-induced toxicity, and reduces lipid .
(1R,2R)-ML-SI3 is an isomer of ML-SI3 and a potent inhibitor of three isoforms of TRPML. (1R,2R)-ML-SI3 inhibits TRPMLs with IC50s of 1.6 μM (TRPML1), 2.3 μM (TRPML2), and 12.5 μM (TRPML3), respectively .
TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide is a peptide-based delivery agent that combines the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from Influenza and the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide is a transactivator of transcription and hemaglutanin for endosomal release. TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide enhances cellular uptake of macromolecules .
Endosidin-2 (ES2) is a selective inhibitor targeting the conserved exosome subunit EXO70. Endosidin-2 binds to the C-terminal domain of EXO70, inhibiting exocytosis and endosomal recycling, while promoting vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. Endosidin-2 interferes with the EXO70-mediated vesicle-to-plasma membrane anchoring process, leading to abnormal aggregation of auxin transporters (such as PIN2) in the cytoplasm and redirected to vacuolar degradation, while causing abnormal Golgi structure (such as cup-shaped or ring-shaped vesicles cisternae formation). Endosidin-2 can inhibit exocytosis in plant and mammalian cells and is mainly used to study the dynamic regulation of membrane trafficking (such as polar growth, vesicle sorting) .
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-POPE; 16:0-18:1 PE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can induce lipid bilayer to form a hexagonal phase (HII) structure in an acidic environment and promote membrane fusion. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can enhance the endosomal escape ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and improve the cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for LNP carrier targeting of gene therapy and mRNA vaccines .
GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. GALA significantly promotes the cytosolic release of cargos carried by exosomes, plasmids and liposomes, effectively enhances gene transfection efficiency, and drives gene knockdown of functional macromolecules (such as siRNA) in alveolar epithelial cells (with no significant cytotoxicity at effective concentrations). GALA serves as a critical tool for studies on lung cancer metastasis (e.g., melanoma lung metastasis) and lung-targeted drug delivery systems .
INF7 is a derivative of the N-terminal domain of the HA2 protein and is sensitive to pH. INF7 disrupts the stability of endosomal membranes through a mechanism independent of membrane fusion. INF7 can be used to enhance the endosome escape of complex or liposome-encapsulated proteins. Co-encapsulation of INF7 and molecular imaging probes in liposomes can enhance intracellular signaling and probe retention .
NC03 is a PI4K2A inhibitor and reducing agent. NC03 inhibits the activity of PI4K2A, thereby reducing the production of PI4P in the cellular compartments where PI4K2A functions. NC03 rapidly induces a decrease in PI4P pools in the Golgi and endosomal compartments. NC03 reduces PI4P production in Rab7-positive late endosomes .
OF-02 is an ionizable lipid for mRNA delivery and a key component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). OF-02 is protonated in the acidic endosomal environment to promote endosomal escape of mRNA and efficiently induce protein expression in target cells. OF-02 relies on the pH-responsive membrane fusion properties to form a complex with mRNA and destroy the endosomal membrane structure to achieve mRNA release in the cytoplasm. OF-02 is mainly used in the development of mRNA vaccines, gene editing, and protein replacement therapy[1][2][3].
L17E is an attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic (ACAL) peptide that can be used to deliver a variety of macromolecules, including proteins, antibodies, and DNA nanostructures. L17E inserts and cleaves the membrane structure through electrostatic interaction, enabling intracellular escape. The efficiency of L17E-mediated delivery is strongly correlated with the expression level of KCNN4 (the gene encoding the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1). L17E also promotes the cellular uptake of macromolecules by inducing micropinocytosis. L17E can be further optimized and improved through dimerization strategies and in combination with other delivery systems, such as nuclear localization signal peptides and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles .
YSK 05 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. YSK 05 improves the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors. YSK 05-MEND shows significantly good gene silencing activity and hemolytic activity. YSK 05 overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape by PEGylation. YSK 05 effectively enhances siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo .
EGA is an inhibitor that selectively targets the endosomal trafficking pathways. EGA targets the proteins involved in the endosomal trafficking pathways through which multiple toxins and viruses enter cells. EGA exerts its activity by inhibiting the trafficking from early endosomes to late endosomes, blocking the entry of multiple acid-dependent bacterial toxins and viruses into mammalian cells and delaying the lysosomal targeting and degradation of EGFR .
Huib32 is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of USP32 (IC50 = 21.2 nM), exhibiting high selectivity over other closely related deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), such as USP8/10/16, UCHL1 and OTUB2. Huib32 reversibly inhibits USP32 by covalently binding to the active site Cys743, which enhances substrate ubiquitination, alters endosomal morphology, and mimics USP32 depletion. Huib32 can be used for breast, ovarian, and lung cancer and Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases research .
NAB2 is a neuroprotectant that targets the small GTPase Rab1a. NAB2 selectively binds to the GDP-bound form of Rab1a and protects multiple cell types from α-synuclein toxicity by increasing Rab1a expression. Rab1a regulates ER-to-Golgi trafficking and mediates endosomal trafficking events of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5/Nedd4. NAB2 stimulates ubiquitination of related proteins in a Nedd4-dependent manner and rescues α-synuclein-associated trafficking defects associated with early-onset Parkinson's disease .
YSK 12C4 is an ionizable cationic lipid primarily used to enhance siRNA cellular delivery via multifunctional envelope-type nanodevices (MEND). YSK 12C4 promotes siRNA uptake and endosomal escape, effectively silencing genes in human immune cell lines .
EB1 peptide (Penetrating analog) is an endosomolytic agent and siRNA delivery agent. EB1 peptide forms an amphipathic alpha helix upon protonation in early-late endosomes, drives endosomal membrane permeabilization, and enables endocytosed siRNA escape into the cytosol. EB1 peptide facilitates biologically active siRNA cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing. EB1 peptide forms complexes with siRNA. EB1 peptide can be used for drug delivery research .
Fazirsiran sodium is a second-generation RNAi agent. Fazirsiran sodium consistes of a cholesterol-conjugated RNAi trigger (chol-RNAi) to selectively degrade Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) mRNA by RNAi and a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine (NAG) formulated as the excipient EX1 to promote endosomal escape of the chol-RNAi in hepatocytes . Fazirsiran sodium can be used in the study of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) liver disease. AATD is caused by mutations in the alpha-1 antitrypsin (SERPINA1) gene.
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .
1O14 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. 1O14 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
306Oi9-cis2 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. 306Oi9-cis2 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
OAB-14, is a Bexarotene (HY-14171) derivative, improves Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies and cognitive impairments by increasing β-amyloid clearance in APP/PS1 mice. OAB-14 effectively ameliorates the dysfunction of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal pathway in APP/PS1 transgenic mice .
Glucose-PEG2000-Cy3 is a Cy3 (HY-D0822) labeled Glucose-PEG conjugate. The Cy3 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as immunolabeling, nucleic acid labeling, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. Cy3 has an emission maximum around 562-570 nm. Glucose-PEG improves drug cellular uptake and reduces endosomal degradation, and can be used in drug delivery .
NPPM 6748-481 is a potent and selective yeast Sec14 inhibitor with a yeast Sec14 IC50 of 211 nM. NPPM 6748-481 disrupts membrane trafficking, impairing trans-Golgi network-endosomal transport and endocytic transport. NPPM 6748-481 impairs Snc1 v-SNARE recycling, secretory invertase trafficking, and vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y processing. NPPM 6748-481 can be used for research on yeast infection .
ALC-0315 (GMP Like) is ALC-0315 (HY-138170) produced by using GMP like guidelines. GMP Like small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
Fazirsiran (ARO-AAT) is a second-generation RNAi agent. Fazirsiran consistes of a cholesterol-conjugated RNAi trigger (chol-RNAi) to selectively reduce Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) synthesis and a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine (NAG) formulated as the excipient EX1 to promote endosomal escape of the chol-RNAi in hepatocytes . Fazirsiran can be used in the study of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) liver disease. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is caused by mutations in the alpha-1 antitrypsin (SERPINA1) gene.
ETI41 is an orally active, selective TLR inhibitor that targets the nucleoside-binding Site I on TLR7 (IC50 = 0.63 μM) and TLR9 (IC50 = 0.16 μM), sparing surface TLRs (including TLR1/TLR2, TLR2/TLR6, TLR4 and TLR5). ETI41 potently inhibits endosomal TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling with nanomolar activity in cellular, biophysical and in vivo assays. ETI41 suppresses the expression of inflammation-associated genes and effectively ameliorates symptoms in mouse models of psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ETI41 can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases research .
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .
ETI60 is an orally active, selective TLR inhibitor that targets the nucleoside-binding Site I on TLR7 (IC50 = 0.68 μM) and TLR9 (IC50 = 0.12 μM), sparing surface TLRs (including TLR1/TLR2, TLR2/TLR6, TLR4 and TLR5). ETI60 potently inhibits endosomal TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling with nanomolar activity in cellular, biophysical and in vivo assays. ETI60 modulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation. ETI60 effectively ameliorates symptoms in mouse models of psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ETI60 can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases research .
C16-18:1 PE is a lipid. C16-18:1 PE has the activity of promoting membrane fusion and enhancing endosomal escape, which can significantly improve the delivery efficiency of mRNA. C16-18:1 PE is used in the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) .
P9R is an antiviral peptide. P9R has broad-spectrum antiviral activities against the coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV), A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H7N9) virus, and rhinovirus. P9R directly binds to viruses and inhibits virus-host endosomal acidification. P9R significantly protects mice from A(H1N1)pdm09 infection without generating drug-resistant virus. P9R can be used for pH-dependent respiratory viruses research .
IAJD249 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. IAJD249 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
IAJD93 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. IAJD93 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
L16 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. L16 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
Al-28 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. Al-28 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
IAJD-97 is a single-component ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimer carrier targeting mRNA delivery, which self-assembles into dendrimersomes (DNPs) via pH-responsive mechanisms to efficiently encapsulate and protect mRNA, while facilitating cellular uptake and endosomal escape through ionizable amine groups. IAJD-97 is promising for research of cancers .
E10i-494 is an ionizable cationic branched endosomal disruptor (BEND) lipid. E10i-494 can be used to generate lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery in vitro. E10i-494 can enhance transfection efficiency .
DSPE-PEG3400-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
DSPE-PEG1000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
DSPE-PEG5000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
Galactose-PEG-Cy3 is a Cy3 (HY-D0822) labeled Galactose-PEG conjugate. The Cy3 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as immunolabeling, nucleic acid labeling, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. Cy3 has an emission maximum around 562-570 nm. Galactose-PEG improves drug cellular uptake and reduces endosomal degradation, and can be used in drug delivery .
O12-D3-I3 is an ionizable cationic lipid. O12-D3-I3 can be used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. LNPs containing O12-D3-I3 enhances LNP endosomal escape for ferroptosis RNAi therapy of cancer .
MeDZ lipid is a zwitterion-type ionizable endosomal membrane destabilizer and anti-inflammatory agent that promotes endosomal escape. When incorporated into LNP formulations, MeDZ lipid enhances mRNA expression in lymph node antigen-presenting cells and promotes cytotoxic T cell activation. MeDZ lipid is compatible with existing targeted nanoparticle formulations to improve mRNA delivery efficiency .
Lipid C16-C is an ionizable cationic lipid that can be used to prepare lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery. Lipid C16-C mediates ApoE-independent macropinocytosis-based mRNA delivery to macrophages, with endosomal acidification enabling endosomal escape and release of mRNA cargo into the cytosol.
LCA-H10 is a lithocholic acid-histidine decapeptide conjugate, a biocompatible lipid nanoparticle (LNP) additive that reduces ionizable lipid proportions, functions as an endosomal escape inducer, and enhances siRNA encapsulation. LCA-H10 increases hepatic accumulation of LNPs in mice after intravenous injection when incorporated into LiLNP-LH and reduces proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF, IL-1β) in mouse serum. LCA-H10 can be used for the research of prostate cancer .
ppTG21 is an endosomolytic agent and inducer. ppTG21 can facilitate endosomal escape of Cas9-2lig-1NLS and Cas9-ASGPrL ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to enable receptor-facilitated, cell-type specific gene editing in cancer cells without electroporation or transfection reagents. ppTG21 can be used for the research of gene editing .
RM 137-15 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. RM 137-15 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
C16-pHD108 is a pH-responsive nanopore-forming peptide. C16-pHD108 functions as a macromolecule delivery carrier via endosomal membrane nanoporation. C16-pHD108 is promising for research of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases .
DSPE-PEG2000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
ARN-75039 is an orally active arenavirus inhibitor. ARN-75039 binds to sites on the GP2 subunit of the mammarenavirus glycoprotein complex, stabilizes prefusion conformation, and blocks viral entry and endosomal membrane fusion to inhibit viral replication and spread. ARN-75039 can be used for the research of lassa fever, arenaviral hemorrhagic fever, and lethal Junín virus infection .
Myr-transportan-Cys is a derivative of the cell-penetrating peptide Transportan (HY-P1732), and its conjugated myristoyl group (Myr) enhances the interaction between the peptide and cell membranes. Myr-transportan-Cys integrates three key delivery functions: nucleic acid condensation, cell penetration, and endosomal escape. Myr-transportan-Cys can form immunostimulatory tandem peptide nanocomplexes (iTPNCs) for encapsulating and delivering immunostimulatory oligonucleotide cargos to tumors .
BZ-30 is an orally active broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. BZ-30 acts on the early stage of the viral life cycle, can partially inhibit the endosomal entry process and reduce viral replication levels. BZ-30 reduces viral load, improves pulmonary pathological conditions, and decreases the lung-to-body weight ratio in hamster models challenged with SARS-CoV-2. BZ-30 can be used for research related to COVID-19 .
DABMA is a TMEM175 channel activator with a human EC50 of 17.9 μM. DABMA directly increases TMEM175 channel current via interaction with intracellular, transmembrane, or endosomal lumen-associated domains, and does not alter TMEM175 mRNA or protein levels. DABMA delays endolysosomal substrate degradation, modulates endolysosomal trafficking, increases acidic organelle accumulation, induces cholesterol accumulation and altered late endosome morphology. DABMA can be used for the research of coronavirus disease, Clostridium difficile infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, rabies, and influenza virus infection .
DSPE-PEG5000-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG5000-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DSPE-PEG1000-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG1000-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DSPE-PEG2000-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG2000-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DSPE-PEG3400-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG3400-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DOPE GMP is DOPE (HY-112005) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOPE (Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active inhibitor of ferroptosis with anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier maintenance activities. DOPE regulates the expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 to restore the redox system balance, thereby reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, iron ions and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). DOPE promotes the migration and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and increases the level of tight junction proteins; it also destabilizes endosomal membranes, mediates the conjugation of RVG peptides with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to enhance brain targeting. DOPE can be applied to research related to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Alzheimer's disease .
W19-LNP is a lipid nanoparticle formulated with a Ugi-reaction-derived ionizable lipid (W19). W19-LNP demonstrates highly selective mRNA delivery to the spleen in female BALB/c mice upon intravenous administration. W19-LNP can be used for the research of mRNA-based vaccine delivery, immune cell reprogramming, and gene-engineered cell preparation .
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-d62 (1,2-POPE-d62) is the deuterium labeled 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-POPE; 16:0-18:1 PE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can induce lipid bilayer to form a hexagonal phase (HII) structure in an acidic environment and promote membrane fusion. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can enhance the endosomal escape ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and improve the cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for LNP carrier targeting of gene therapy and mRNA vaccines .
Arevirumab (Arevirumab-3) is a pan-lineage neutralizing human monoclonal antibody cocktail (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.D). Arevirumab protects cynomolgus monkeys from severe Lassa fever caused by lineage II and III LASV isolates. Arevirumab is applicable to research related to Lassa fever .
Glucose-PEG2000-Cy3 is a Cy3 (HY-D0822) labeled Glucose-PEG conjugate. The Cy3 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as immunolabeling, nucleic acid labeling, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. Cy3 has an emission maximum around 562-570 nm. Glucose-PEG improves drug cellular uptake and reduces endosomal degradation, and can be used in drug delivery .
ALC-0315 (GMP Like) is ALC-0315 (HY-138170) produced by using GMP like guidelines. GMP Like small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
Galactose-PEG-Cy3 is a Cy3 (HY-D0822) labeled Galactose-PEG conjugate. The Cy3 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as immunolabeling, nucleic acid labeling, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. Cy3 has an emission maximum around 562-570 nm. Galactose-PEG improves drug cellular uptake and reduces endosomal degradation, and can be used in drug delivery .
DOPE GMP is DOPE (HY-112005) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOPE (Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active inhibitor of ferroptosis with anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier maintenance activities. DOPE regulates the expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 to restore the redox system balance, thereby reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, iron ions and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). DOPE promotes the migration and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and increases the level of tight junction proteins; it also destabilizes endosomal membranes, mediates the conjugation of RVG peptides with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to enhance brain targeting. DOPE can be applied to research related to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Alzheimer's disease .
ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
DOTAP methylsulfat is a cationic lipid reagent, a cationic derivative of trimethylammonium, linked to two 18-carbon fatty acid tails, each with a single olefin group. DOTAP methylsulfat can self-assemble with negatively charged ions (such as DNA) to form complexes, which can be adsorbed to the cell membrane surface and enter the cell by electrostatic interaction and endocytosis, respectively. DOTAP methylsulfat promotes endosomal membrane fusion with its own hydrophobic domain, releases DNA into the cytoplasm, and exerts gene delivery function. DOTAP methylsulfat can be widely used in research fields such as gene therapy, cell transfection, and non-viral vector design .
Mannan is an orally active polysaccharide compound that binds to the mannose receptor (MR). Mannan promotes bacterial uptake and endosomal degradation by binding to MR, thereby enhancing the production of IL-12 in immune cells. Mannan enhances ROS production. Mannan modulates immunity, inhibits Aflatoxin B1 (HY-N6615)-induced toxicity, and reduces lipid .
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-POPE; 16:0-18:1 PE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can induce lipid bilayer to form a hexagonal phase (HII) structure in an acidic environment and promote membrane fusion. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can enhance the endosomal escape ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and improve the cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for LNP carrier targeting of gene therapy and mRNA vaccines .
OF-02 is an ionizable lipid for mRNA delivery and a key component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). OF-02 is protonated in the acidic endosomal environment to promote endosomal escape of mRNA and efficiently induce protein expression in target cells. OF-02 relies on the pH-responsive membrane fusion properties to form a complex with mRNA and destroy the endosomal membrane structure to achieve mRNA release in the cytoplasm. OF-02 is mainly used in the development of mRNA vaccines, gene editing, and protein replacement therapy[1][2][3].
YSK 05 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. YSK 05 improves the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors. YSK 05-MEND shows significantly good gene silencing activity and hemolytic activity. YSK 05 overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape by PEGylation. YSK 05 effectively enhances siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo .
1O14 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. 1O14 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
306Oi9-cis2 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. 306Oi9-cis2 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
ALC-0315 (GMP Like) is ALC-0315 (HY-138170) produced by using GMP like guidelines. GMP Like small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
IAJD249 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. IAJD249 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
IAJD93 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. IAJD93 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
L16 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. L16 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
Al-28 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. Al-28 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
DSPE-PEG3400-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
DSPE-PEG1000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
DSPE-PEG5000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
RM 137-15 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. RM 137-15 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
DSPE-PEG2000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
DSPE-PEG5000-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG5000-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DSPE-PEG1000-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG1000-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DSPE-PEG2000-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG2000-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DSPE-PEG3400-GALA is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a lung endothelium-targeting peptide GALA (HY-P5423). GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG3400-GALA can be used for drug delivery .
DOPE GMP is DOPE (HY-112005) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOPE (Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active inhibitor of ferroptosis with anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier maintenance activities. DOPE regulates the expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 to restore the redox system balance, thereby reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, iron ions and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). DOPE promotes the migration and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and increases the level of tight junction proteins; it also destabilizes endosomal membranes, mediates the conjugation of RVG peptides with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to enhance brain targeting. DOPE can be applied to research related to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Alzheimer's disease .
TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide is a peptide-based delivery agent that combines the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from Influenza and the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide is a transactivator of transcription and hemaglutanin for endosomal release. TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide enhances cellular uptake of macromolecules .
GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. GALA significantly promotes the cytosolic release of cargos carried by exosomes, plasmids and liposomes, effectively enhances gene transfection efficiency, and drives gene knockdown of functional macromolecules (such as siRNA) in alveolar epithelial cells (with no significant cytotoxicity at effective concentrations). GALA serves as a critical tool for studies on lung cancer metastasis (e.g., melanoma lung metastasis) and lung-targeted drug delivery systems .
INF7 is a derivative of the N-terminal domain of the HA2 protein and is sensitive to pH. INF7 disrupts the stability of endosomal membranes through a mechanism independent of membrane fusion. INF7 can be used to enhance the endosome escape of complex or liposome-encapsulated proteins. Co-encapsulation of INF7 and molecular imaging probes in liposomes can enhance intracellular signaling and probe retention .
L17E is an attenuated cationic amphiphilic lytic (ACAL) peptide that can be used to deliver a variety of macromolecules, including proteins, antibodies, and DNA nanostructures. L17E inserts and cleaves the membrane structure through electrostatic interaction, enabling intracellular escape. The efficiency of L17E-mediated delivery is strongly correlated with the expression level of KCNN4 (the gene encoding the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1). L17E also promotes the cellular uptake of macromolecules by inducing micropinocytosis. L17E can be further optimized and improved through dimerization strategies and in combination with other delivery systems, such as nuclear localization signal peptides and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles .
RALA peptide is a cationic amphiphilic delivery agent targeting cell membranes, which forms nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions with anionic drugs. RALA peptide has pH-responsive binding properties, which can enhance the α-helical conformation in an acidic environment and destroy the endosomal membrane, promote the release of drugs into the cytoplasm, and exert efficient intracellular delivery activity. RALA peptide can be used in cancer research (enhancing the activity of bisphosphonates against prostate cancer and breast cancer cells) and bone tissue engineering (promoting osteoblast collagen deposition and extracellular matrix mineralization) .
EB1 peptide (Penetrating analog) is an endosomolytic agent and siRNA delivery agent. EB1 peptide forms an amphipathic alpha helix upon protonation in early-late endosomes, drives endosomal membrane permeabilization, and enables endocytosed siRNA escape into the cytosol. EB1 peptide facilitates biologically active siRNA cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing. EB1 peptide forms complexes with siRNA. EB1 peptide can be used for drug delivery research .
CPP12 is a small, amphipathic, cyclic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). CPP12 binds directly to plasma membrane phospholipids, enters mammalian cells via endocytosis, and then efficiently escapes from endosomes. CPP12 can be used for the intracellular delivery of drugs and chemical probes .
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .
Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate is a synthetic cationic cell-penetrating peptide with a reversible thiol-reactive nitropyridyl (Npys) group. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate efficiently mediates the internalization and delivery of various "cargo" such as proteins and antibodies by forming reversible disulfide bonds with surface-exposed cysteine residues. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate endows TALEN proteins with cell-penetrating activity, enabling gene knockout in mammalian cells and protein transduction in wheat microspores. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be conjugated with antibodies to form cationized IgG for enhancing endosomal escape of oligonucleotides, or form siRNA delivery complexes. When the molar ratio of Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate to loaded molecules is higher than 1:1, it exerts certain cytotoxic effects on cells. Cys(Npys)-(Arg)9 acetate can be used in studies related to oral squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection .
Pip6a is an arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide. Pip6a has the ability to deliver associated cargoes across the plasma and endosomal membranes and is stable to serum proteolysis. Pip6a is composed of a hydrophobic core region flanked on each side by arginine-rich domains containing β-alanine and aminohexanoyl spacers. Pip6a-conjugated morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomer (PMO) dramatically enhanced antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) delivery into striated muscles of myotonic dystrophy (DM1) mice .
P9R is an antiviral peptide. P9R has broad-spectrum antiviral activities against the coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV), A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H7N9) virus, and rhinovirus. P9R directly binds to viruses and inhibits virus-host endosomal acidification. P9R significantly protects mice from A(H1N1)pdm09 infection without generating drug-resistant virus. P9R can be used for pH-dependent respiratory viruses research .
LCA-H10 is a lithocholic acid-histidine decapeptide conjugate, a biocompatible lipid nanoparticle (LNP) additive that reduces ionizable lipid proportions, functions as an endosomal escape inducer, and enhances siRNA encapsulation. LCA-H10 increases hepatic accumulation of LNPs in mice after intravenous injection when incorporated into LiLNP-LH and reduces proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF, IL-1β) in mouse serum. LCA-H10 can be used for the research of prostate cancer .
ppTG21 is an endosomolytic agent and inducer. ppTG21 can facilitate endosomal escape of Cas9-2lig-1NLS and Cas9-ASGPrL ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to enable receptor-facilitated, cell-type specific gene editing in cancer cells without electroporation or transfection reagents. ppTG21 can be used for the research of gene editing .
GALA-Cys is a chemically modified GALA peptide (HY-P5423) that retains GALA functions while acquiring strong covalent conjugation capability. GALA-Cys undergoes pH-driven reversible secondary structure transition, rearranges into an amphipathic α-helix, self-oligomerizes, penetrates lipid membranes to form pores, and disrupts lipid bilayers, thereby enabling endosomal escape and cytosolic cargo delivery. GALA-Cys can be conjugated with lipid DPTE for integration into liposomes, self-assembles into a tilted monolayer on gold surfaces, and serves as a pH-responsive coating for particle surface functionalization. GALA-Cys is applicable to studies related to targeted cargo delivery .
C16-pHD108 is a pH-responsive nanopore-forming peptide. C16-pHD108 functions as a macromolecule delivery carrier via endosomal membrane nanoporation. C16-pHD108 is promising for research of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases .
Myr-transportan-Cys is a derivative of the cell-penetrating peptide Transportan (HY-P1732), and its conjugated myristoyl group (Myr) enhances the interaction between the peptide and cell membranes. Myr-transportan-Cys integrates three key delivery functions: nucleic acid condensation, cell penetration, and endosomal escape. Myr-transportan-Cys can form immunostimulatory tandem peptide nanocomplexes (iTPNCs) for encapsulating and delivering immunostimulatory oligonucleotide cargos to tumors .
p5RHH is an acid-activated membrane-lytic peptide derived from melittin. p5RHH, as a siRNA delivery vector, initiates synchronous disassembly of nanocomplexes and endosome lysis in response to acidic pH, and triggers the release of siRNA into the cytoplasm following macropinocytosis .
Arevirumab (Arevirumab-3) is a pan-lineage neutralizing human monoclonal antibody cocktail (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.D). Arevirumab protects cynomolgus monkeys from severe Lassa fever caused by lineage II and III LASV isolates. Arevirumab is applicable to research related to Lassa fever .
Mannan is an orally active polysaccharide compound that binds to the mannose receptor (MR). Mannan promotes bacterial uptake and endosomal degradation by binding to MR, thereby enhancing the production of IL-12 in immune cells. Mannan enhances ROS production. Mannan modulates immunity, inhibits Aflatoxin B1 (HY-N6615)-induced toxicity, and reduces lipid .
Ragulator Complex Protein LAMTOR3; Late endosomal/Lysosomal Adaptor and MAPK and MTOR Activator 3; MEK-Binding Partner 1; Mp1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1-Interacting Protein 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Scaffold Protein 1; LAMTOR3; MAP2K1IP
The MAPKSP1 protein, also known as porphobilinogen deaminase (HMBS), is crucial in the heme biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the sequential polymerization of four porphobilinogen molecules to form hydroxymethyl bixane. The process begins with the assembly of the dipyrromethane cofactor of porphobilinogen or preuroporphyrinogen. MAPKSP1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived MAPKSP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
C11orf59; LAMTOR1; Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and MTOR activator 1; Lipid raft adaptor protein p18; LTOR1_HUMAN; p18; p27Kip1-releasing factor from RhoA; p27RF-Rho; PDRO; PP7157; Protein associated with DRMs and endosomes; Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1; ragulator complex protein PDRO; Ragulator1; RhoA activator C11orf59
The LAMTOR1 protein is an important component of the Ragulator complex and plays dual roles in amino acid sensing and mTORC1 activation. It acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rag GTPases and mediates their recruitment to the lysosomal membrane. LAMTOR1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived LAMTOR1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-d62 (1,2-POPE-d62) is the deuterium labeled 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-POPE; 16:0-18:1 PE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can induce lipid bilayer to form a hexagonal phase (HII) structure in an acidic environment and promote membrane fusion. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can enhance the endosomal escape ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and improve the cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for LNP carrier targeting of gene therapy and mRNA vaccines .
ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
DOTAP methylsulfat is a cationic lipid reagent, a cationic derivative of trimethylammonium, linked to two 18-carbon fatty acid tails, each with a single olefin group. DOTAP methylsulfat can self-assemble with negatively charged ions (such as DNA) to form complexes, which can be adsorbed to the cell membrane surface and enter the cell by electrostatic interaction and endocytosis, respectively. DOTAP methylsulfat promotes endosomal membrane fusion with its own hydrophobic domain, releases DNA into the cytoplasm, and exerts gene delivery function. DOTAP methylsulfat can be widely used in research fields such as gene therapy, cell transfection, and non-viral vector design .
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-POPE; 16:0-18:1 PE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can induce lipid bilayer to form a hexagonal phase (HII) structure in an acidic environment and promote membrane fusion. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can enhance the endosomal escape ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and improve the cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for LNP carrier targeting of gene therapy and mRNA vaccines .
OF-02 is an ionizable lipid for mRNA delivery and a key component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). OF-02 is protonated in the acidic endosomal environment to promote endosomal escape of mRNA and efficiently induce protein expression in target cells. OF-02 relies on the pH-responsive membrane fusion properties to form a complex with mRNA and destroy the endosomal membrane structure to achieve mRNA release in the cytoplasm. OF-02 is mainly used in the development of mRNA vaccines, gene editing, and protein replacement therapy[1][2][3].
YSK 05 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. YSK 05 improves the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors. YSK 05-MEND shows significantly good gene silencing activity and hemolytic activity. YSK 05 overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape by PEGylation. YSK 05 effectively enhances siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo .
YSK 12C4 is an ionizable cationic lipid primarily used to enhance siRNA cellular delivery via multifunctional envelope-type nanodevices (MEND). YSK 12C4 promotes siRNA uptake and endosomal escape, effectively silencing genes in human immune cell lines .
Fazirsiran sodium is a second-generation RNAi agent. Fazirsiran sodium consistes of a cholesterol-conjugated RNAi trigger (chol-RNAi) to selectively degrade Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) mRNA by RNAi and a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine (NAG) formulated as the excipient EX1 to promote endosomal escape of the chol-RNAi in hepatocytes . Fazirsiran sodium can be used in the study of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) liver disease. AATD is caused by mutations in the alpha-1 antitrypsin (SERPINA1) gene.
1O14 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. 1O14 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
306Oi9-cis2 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. 306Oi9-cis2 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
Fazirsiran (ARO-AAT) is a second-generation RNAi agent. Fazirsiran consistes of a cholesterol-conjugated RNAi trigger (chol-RNAi) to selectively reduce Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) synthesis and a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine (NAG) formulated as the excipient EX1 to promote endosomal escape of the chol-RNAi in hepatocytes . Fazirsiran can be used in the study of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) liver disease. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is caused by mutations in the alpha-1 antitrypsin (SERPINA1) gene.
IAJD249 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. IAJD249 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
IAJD93 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. IAJD93 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
L16 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. L16 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
Al-28 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. Al-28 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
E10i-494 is an ionizable cationic branched endosomal disruptor (BEND) lipid. E10i-494 can be used to generate lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery in vitro. E10i-494 can enhance transfection efficiency .
DSPE-PEG1000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
DSPE-PEG5000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
O12-D3-I3 is an ionizable cationic lipid. O12-D3-I3 can be used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. LNPs containing O12-D3-I3 enhances LNP endosomal escape for ferroptosis RNAi therapy of cancer .
MeDZ lipid is a zwitterion-type ionizable endosomal membrane destabilizer and anti-inflammatory agent that promotes endosomal escape. When incorporated into LNP formulations, MeDZ lipid enhances mRNA expression in lymph node antigen-presenting cells and promotes cytotoxic T cell activation. MeDZ lipid is compatible with existing targeted nanoparticle formulations to improve mRNA delivery efficiency .
RM 137-15 is an ionizable lipid. The ability of ionizable lipids to form unstable non-bilayer structures at acidic pH is key for endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. RM 137-15 can be used in the preparation of liposomes .
DSPE-PEG2000-MPG is a PEG compound which composed of DSPE and a peptide vector (MPG). MPG is derived from both the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen and the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41. MPG could deliver short oligonucleotides into cells efficiently and independently of the endosomal pathway .
W19-LNP is a lipid nanoparticle formulated with a Ugi-reaction-derived ionizable lipid (W19). W19-LNP demonstrates highly selective mRNA delivery to the spleen in female BALB/c mice upon intravenous administration. W19-LNP can be used for the research of mRNA-based vaccine delivery, immune cell reprogramming, and gene-engineered cell preparation .
ALC-0315 (GMP Like) is ALC-0315 (HY-138170) produced by using GMP like guidelines. GMP Like small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ALC-0315 is an ionisable aminolipid that is responsible for mRNA compaction and aids mRNA cellular delivery and its cytoplasmic release through suspected endosomal destabilization. ALC-0315 can be used to form lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine .
DOPE GMP is DOPE (HY-112005) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOPE (Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active inhibitor of ferroptosis with anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier maintenance activities. DOPE regulates the expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 to restore the redox system balance, thereby reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, iron ions and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). DOPE promotes the migration and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and increases the level of tight junction proteins; it also destabilizes endosomal membranes, mediates the conjugation of RVG peptides with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to enhance brain targeting. DOPE can be applied to research related to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Alzheimer's disease .
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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