Atovaquone (Synonyms: Atavaquone)

Name: Atovaquone
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-13832
Rating: 5.0 (4 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-13832 Pureté: 99.75%: Fiche technique
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Atovaquone (Atavaquone) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of the parasite’s mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. Atovaquone is against human and P. falciparum cytochrome bc1 activity with IC₅₀ values of 460 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. Atovaquone is an antimalarial agent and has the potential for the investigation of neumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesia.

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CAS No. : 95233-18-4

Size	Stock	Quantité
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
5 mg	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	En stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg	Obtenir un devis
500 mg	Obtenir un devis

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Atovaquone:

Atovaquone-d₄ In-stock
Atovaquone-d₅ Obtenir un devis
cis-Atovaquone-d₄ Obtenir un devis
Atovaquone (Standard) Obtenir un devis

4 Publications Citing Use of MCE Atovaquone

: Atovaquone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed J. 2020 Aug;43(4):368-374. [Abstract]; Atovaquone (10 μM; 30 min) treatment effectively reduced nucleocapsid protein and inhibited the replication of HCoV-OC43 in HCT-8 cells.

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CYP1 CYP2 CYP3 CYP4 CYP11 CYP17 Aromatase/CYP19A1 CYP26 CYP51 CYP1A2 CYP2D6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 CYP3A CYP3A4 CYP17A1

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Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Plasmodium

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BJ	EC₅₀	> 21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.16 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 24904967]
BJ	EC₅₀	> 21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
DU-145	IC₅₀	29.3 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19632833]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.3 1 Compound: 92125513	HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells	[PMID: 22586124]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 10000 1 Compound: 46	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 26791529]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.37 1 Compound: ATV	Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei infected in human HuH7 cells co-expressing GFP-Luccon treated for 1 hr prior to infection followed by 24 hrs after compound washout measured after 48 hrs post-infection by Alamar Blue assay Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei infected in human HuH7 cells co-expressing GFP-Luccon treated for 1 hr prior to infection followed by 24 hrs after compound washout measured after 48 hrs post-infection by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 23701465]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.41 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibition of human cytochrome bc1 complex derived from HEK293 cell mitochondria using 50 uM decylubiquinol as substrate Inhibition of human cytochrome bc1 complex derived from HEK293 cell mitochondria using 50 uM decylubiquinol as substrate	[PMID: 24720377]
HepG2	EC₅₀	0.5 1 Compound: 37, Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 24641010]
HEK293	IC₅₀	2 1 Compound: 46	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome bc1 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome bc1 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 26791529]
DU-145	IC₅₀	29.3 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19632833]
BJ	EC₅₀	>21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
HEK293	CC₅₀	49 1 Compound: 18	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33333397]
HEK293	CC₅₀	49 1 Compound: 18	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33333397]
HEK293	IC₅₀	2 1 Compound: 46	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome bc1 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome bc1 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 26791529]
DU-145	IC₅₀	29.3 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19632833]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	57 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs	[PMID: 18212104]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.41 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibition of human cytochrome bc1 complex derived from HEK293 cell mitochondria using 50 uM decylubiquinol as substrate Inhibition of human cytochrome bc1 complex derived from HEK293 cell mitochondria using 50 uM decylubiquinol as substrate	[PMID: 24720377]
HepG2	IC₅₀	9 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	IC₅₀	< 1 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium yoelii assessed as invasion of human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 incubated for 2 hrs prior to inoculation measured after 1 hr by immunofluorescence assay in presence of penicillin/streptomycin Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium yoelii assessed as invasion of human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 incubated for 2 hrs prior to inoculation measured after 1 hr by immunofluorescence assay in presence of penicillin/streptomycin	[PMID: 23927658]
HEK293	IC₅₀	2 1 Compound: 46	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome bc1 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome bc1 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 26791529]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.41 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibition of human cytochrome bc1 complex derived from HEK293 cell mitochondria using 50 uM decylubiquinol as substrate Inhibition of human cytochrome bc1 complex derived from HEK293 cell mitochondria using 50 uM decylubiquinol as substrate	[PMID: 24720377]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 10 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs incubation by Alamar Blue assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs incubation by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 24720377]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 10000 1 Compound: 46	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 26791529]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34364164]
HFF	IC₅₀	0.28 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibitory concentration against the growth of Toxoplasma gondii overexpressing FPPS enzyme in human foreskin fibroblast monolayer cells; (control = 0.29 uM) Inhibitory concentration against the growth of Toxoplasma gondii overexpressing FPPS enzyme in human foreskin fibroblast monolayer cells; (control = 0.29 uM)	[PMID: 15857119]
HEK293	IC₅₀	>10 3 Compound: 46	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 expressed in HEK293 cells by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 26791529]
HepG2	CC₅₀	>15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27654395]
HFF	IC₅₀	0.29 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites m2m3 infected HFF cells Antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites m2m3 infected HFF cells	[PMID: 17643987]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	CC₅₀	>40 3 Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29324340]
HepG2	CC₅₀	>15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27654395]
HepG2	EC₅₀	> 21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
HepG2	CC₅₀	9.5 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 30 3 Compound: ATQ	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	[PMID: 33620219]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	CC₅₀	>30 3 Compound: ATQ	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	[PMID: 33620219]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 40 3 Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29324340]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27654395]
HepG2	CC₅₀	>15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34364164]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.00016 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 24904967]
HepG2	CC₅₀	9.5 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 15.6 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34364164]
HepG2	EC₅₀	0.5 1 Compound: 37, Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 24641010]
HepG2	EC₅₀	>21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 30 3 Compound: ATQ	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	[PMID: 33620219]
HepG2	IC₅₀	23160 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32390431]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 40 3 Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29324340]
HepG2	IC₅₀	<1 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium yoelii assessed as invasion of human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 incubated for 2 hrs prior to inoculation measured after 1 hr by immunofluorescence assay in presence of penicillin/streptomycin Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium yoelii assessed as invasion of human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 incubated for 2 hrs prior to inoculation measured after 1 hr by immunofluorescence assay in presence of penicillin/streptomycin	[PMID: 23927658]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>10 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs incubation by Alamar Blue assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs incubation by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 24720377]
HepG2	IC₅₀	23160 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30852885]
HepG2	EC₅₀	0.5 1 Compound: 37, Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 24641010]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>10 3 Compound: 92125513	HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line	[PMID: 22586124]
HepG2	EC₅₀	> 21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
HepG2	IC₅₀	8496 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34111350]
HepG2	IC₅₀	9 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.00016 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 24904967]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.0003 3 Compound: 92125513	HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells	[PMID: 22586124]
HepG2	CC₅₀	9.5 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	IC₅₀	22 1 Compound: ATQ	Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium berghei yoelii infected in human HepG2 cells Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium berghei yoelii infected in human HepG2 cells	[PMID: 26640981]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.000376 3 Compound: ATV	Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei infected in human HuH7 cells co-expressing GFP-Luccon treated for 1 hr prior to infection followed by 24 hrs after compound washout measured after 48 hrs post-infection by Alamar Blue assay Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei infected in human HuH7 cells co-expressing GFP-Luccon treated for 1 hr prior to infection followed by 24 hrs after compound washout measured after 48 hrs post-infection by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 23701465]
HepG2	IC₅₀	22 1 Compound: ATQ	Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium berghei yoelii infected in human HepG2 cells Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium berghei yoelii infected in human HepG2 cells	[PMID: 26640981]
HepG2	IC₅₀	23160 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30852885]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.0018 3 Compound: ATQ	Antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing firefly luciferase infected in human Huh-7 cells after 48 hrs by bioluminescence assay Antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing firefly luciferase infected in human Huh-7 cells after 48 hrs by bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 26142491]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.0018 3 Compound: ATQ	Antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing firefly luciferase infected in human Huh-7 cells after 48 hrs by bioluminescence assay Antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing firefly luciferase infected in human Huh-7 cells after 48 hrs by bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 26142491]
J774	EC₅₀	28.3 3 Compound: ATO	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells	[PMID: 27291102]
J774	EC₅₀	28 3 Compound: ATO	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay	[PMID: 29215279]
HepG2	IC₅₀	23160 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32390431]
J774	EC₅₀	28 3 Compound: ATO	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay	[PMID: 29215279]
KB	IC₅₀	> 5 6 Compound: atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs	[PMID: 19199790]
HepG2	IC₅₀	8496 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34111350]
KB	IC₅₀	>5 6 Compound: atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs	[PMID: 19199790]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibition of mammosphere formation in human MCF7 cells incubated for 5 days Inhibition of mammosphere formation in human MCF7 cells incubated for 5 days	[PMID: 33103432]
HepG2	IC₅₀	9 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis	[PMID: 25791675]
HEK293	CC₅₀	49 1 Compound: 18	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33333397]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.03 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1995-MAE infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1995-MAE infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
HepG2	IC₅₀	< 1 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium yoelii assessed as invasion of human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 incubated for 2 hrs prior to inoculation measured after 1 hr by immunofluorescence assay in presence of penicillin/streptomycin Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium yoelii assessed as invasion of human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 incubated for 2 hrs prior to inoculation measured after 1 hr by immunofluorescence assay in presence of penicillin/streptomycin	[PMID: 23927658]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.03 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii NED infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii NED infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 10 3 Compound: 92125513	HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line	[PMID: 22586124]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	57 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs	[PMID: 18212104]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2005-HAG infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2005-HAG infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 10 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs incubation by Alamar Blue assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs incubation by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 24720377]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibition of mammosphere formation in human MCF7 cells incubated for 5 days Inhibition of mammosphere formation in human MCF7 cells incubated for 5 days	[PMID: 33103432]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.1 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii B1 harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii B1 harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1994-LEF harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 204 sil Ala mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1994-LEF harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 204 sil Ala mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GUY-2003-MEL harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex2, 145 sil Val mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GUY-2003-MEL harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex2, 145 sil Val mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ENT harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex3, 156 sil Leu/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ENT harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex3, 156 sil Leu/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GUY-2003-MEL harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex2, 145 sil Val mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GUY-2003-MEL harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex2, 145 sil Val mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infected in human MRC-5 cells infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infected in human MRC-5 cells infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
Hepatocyte	IC₅₀	57 1 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs	[PMID: 18212104]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.06 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate PSP-2005-MUP infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate PSP-2005-MUP infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1998-TRA infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1998-TRA infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.11 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1995-ABE harboring DHPS Ex5, A587V mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1995-ABE harboring DHPS Ex5, A587V mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.00037 3 Compound: ATV	Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei infected in human HuH7 cells co-expressing GFP-Luccon treated for 1 hr prior to infection followed by 24 hrs after compound washout measured after 48 hrs post-infection by Alamar Blue assay Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei infected in human HuH7 cells co-expressing GFP-Luccon treated for 1 hr prior to infection followed by 24 hrs after compound washout measured after 48 hrs post-infection by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 23701465]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.08 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2003-DJO infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2003-DJO infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.06 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate PSP-2005-MUP infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate PSP-2005-MUP infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.0018 3 Compound: ATQ	Antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing firefly luciferase infected in human Huh-7 cells after 48 hrs by bioluminescence assay Antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing firefly luciferase infected in human Huh-7 cells after 48 hrs by bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 26142491]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infected in human MRC-5 cells infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infected in human MRC-5 cells infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.06 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2001-MAU infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2001-MAU infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
J774	EC₅₀	28 3 Compound: ATO	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay	[PMID: 29215279]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.03 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii NED infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii NED infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ENT harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex3, 156 sil Leu/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ENT harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex3, 156 sil Leu/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
J774	EC₅₀	28.3 3 Compound: ATO	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells	[PMID: 27291102]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TRS-2004-REV infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TRS-2004-REV infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
Raji	EC₅₀	>21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
KB	IC₅₀	> 5 6 Compound: atovaquone	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs	[PMID: 19199790]
HepG2	IC₅₀	8496 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34111350]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TOU-1998-TRI infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TOU-1998-TRI infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.08 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2003-DJO infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2003-DJO infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
HepG2	IC₅₀	23160 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32390431]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1 3 Compound: Atovaquone	Inhibition of mammosphere formation in human MCF7 cells incubated for 5 days Inhibition of mammosphere formation in human MCF7 cells incubated for 5 days	[PMID: 33103432]
HepG2	IC₅₀	23160 1 Compound: ATV	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30852885]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.1 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii B1 harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii B1 harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.03 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii NED infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii NED infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.03 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1995-MAE infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1995-MAE infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.11 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1995-ABE harboring DHPS Ex5, A587V mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1995-ABE harboring DHPS Ex5, A587V mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
Raji	EC₅₀	> 21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GUY-2003-MEL harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex2, 145 sil Val mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GUY-2003-MEL harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex2, 145 sil Val mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1994-LEF harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 204 sil Ala mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1994-LEF harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 204 sil Ala mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.04 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2005-HAG infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2005-HAG infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infected in human MRC-5 cells infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infected in human MRC-5 cells infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly; A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.05 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1998-TRA infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate GRE-1998-TRA infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.06 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate PSP-2005-MUP infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate PSP-2005-MUP infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.06 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2001-MAU infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2001-MAU infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ENT harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex3, 156 sil Leu/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii ENT harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex3, 156 sil Leu/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TOU-1998-TRI infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TOU-1998-TRI infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.07 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TRS-2004-REV infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate TRS-2004-REV infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.08 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2003-DJO infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-2003-DJO infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.11 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1995-ABE harboring DHPS Ex5, A587V mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii isolate RMS-1995-ABE harboring DHPS Ex5, A587V mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.1 10 Compound: Atovaquone	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii B1 harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii B1 harboring DHPS Ex2, E474D/Ex4, R560K/Ex5, 580 sil Gly/ A597E/627 sil Glu mutant gene and DHFR Ex3, 156 sil Leu mutant gene infected in human MRC-5 cells after 72 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 18212105]
Raji	EC₅₀	> 21.5 3 Compound: 4	Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence analysis	[PMID: 22435599]
Vero	CC₅₀	0.5 3 Compound: ATQ	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation	[PMID: 33636304]
Vero	CC₅₀	9.5 3 Compound: ATO	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 3 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 3 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 37336083]

In Vitro

Atovaquone targets to the Q_o site of the Plasmodium cytochrome bc1 complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain^[1].
Atovaquone is against the development in the mosquito from gamete production, through fertilization, zygote formation and finally, to the development of the mature ookinete, and demonstrates an IC₅₀ of 67 nM providing further evidence of the transmission blocking potential of this molecule^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Atovaquone (oral administration; 100 mg/kg; once daily) is against survival rates of mice, mice treated orally died within 22 days after discontinuation of sulfadiazine,while the control group died at day 14^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	ICSBP^−/− mice infected with 10 cysts of the ME49 strain of T. gondii^[2]
Dosage:	100 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral administration
Result:	Improved mice survival rate to 22 days compared to vehicle.

Essai clinique

Masse moléculaire

366.84

Formule

C₂₂H₁₉ClO₃

CAS No.

95233-18-4

Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=C1C([C@H]2CC[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3)CC2)=C(O)C(C4=C1C=CC=C4)=O

Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 8.33 mg/mL (22.71 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.7260 mL	13.6299 mL	27.2598 mL
5 mM	0.5452 mL	2.7260 mL	5.4520 mL
10 mM	0.2726 mL	1.3630 mL	2.7260 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Calculateur de molarité
Calculateur de dilution

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 0.83 mg/mL (2.26 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 0.83 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (2.26 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Pureté et documentation

Purity: 99.75%

Select Batch:

Fiche technique (285 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (249 KB) RP-HPLC (245 KB)

Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Nilsen A, et al. Quinolone-3-diarylethers: a new class of antimalarial drug.Sci Transl Med. 2013 Mar 20;5(177):177ra37. [Content Brief]

[2]. Schöler N, et al. Atovaquone nanosuspensions show excellent therapeutic effect in a new murine model of reactivated toxoplasmosis.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Jun;45(6):1771-9. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	2.7260 mL	13.6299 mL	27.2598 mL	68.1496 mL
	5 mM	0.5452 mL	2.7260 mL	5.4520 mL	13.6299 mL
	10 mM	0.2726 mL	1.3630 mL	2.7260 mL	6.8150 mL
	15 mM	0.1817 mL	0.9087 mL	1.8173 mL	4.5433 mL
	20 mM	0.1363 mL	0.6815 mL	1.3630 mL	3.4075 mL

Atovaquone Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Atovaquone95233-18-4AtavaquoneParasiteCytochrome P450AntibioticBacterialCYPsPlasmodiumneumocystispneumoniatoxoplasmosismalariababesiaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Atovaquone (Synonyms: Atavaquone)

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Activité biologique

Pureté et documentation

Références

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Atovaquone Related Antibodies

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Atovaquone Related Classifications

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