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BODIPY FL L-Cystine is a thiol-reactive, green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL L-Cystine can be the labeling of membrane proteins, proteins with hydrophobic binding sites, or hydrophobic ligands. (λex=504 nm, λem=511 nm) .
Chromoionophore I (ETH 5294) is a hydrophobic pH indicator. Chromoionophore I is used as a transmissive or fluorescent probe molecule in many types of hydrophobic sensor membranes. Chromoionophore I is oil-soluble .
12-Azido-dodecanoyl-OSu is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. 12-Azido-dodecanoyl-OSu can be used as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker.
NBD-amine is a fluorogenic amine. NBD-amine displays the property of fluorescing weakly in water and strongly in organic solvents, membranes or hydrophobic environments .
10-Undecynoyl-OSu is a click chemistry reagent. 10-Undecynoyl-OSu is used as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker that can be further modified at the alkyne using Click-chemistry .
ALS-I, an acid-Liable surfactant, is adopted for in-solution enzymatic digestions, can help to solubilize hydrophobic proteins. ALS-I is significantly enhanced peptide recovery for mass spectrometry (MS) mapping in the study of the proteomes of regenerating rat retina and mouse brain .
BODIPY-C12 is a boron-dipyrromethene derivative containing a lipophilic tail (excitation 490 nm). BODIPY-C12 is a hydrophobic molecular and sensitivity to the surrounding environment and can be used for quantify viscosity .
Dioctadecylamine (DODA) is a secondary amine that has been shown to self-organize in plate-like structures in aqueous solution. Dioctadecylamine exhibits sufficiently hydrophobic properties of nanoparticles and good dispersibility in nonpolar solvent. Dioctadecylamine does not form a monolayer above pH 3.9 .
Pyronin B is an organic cationic dye used for the staining of bacteria, mycobacteria and ribonucleic acids. Pyronin B is also used as a small hydrophobic (SH) protein channel inhibitor .
GNF-6 (Compound 14) inhibits the gatekeeper threonine residue mutation of BCR-ABL-T315I with IC50s of 0.25 μM, 0.09 μM and 0.590 μM for c-ABL-T334I, BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL-T315I variants, respectively. GNF-6, an ATP competitive inhibitor, disrupts the assembly of the hydrophobic spine (a network of hydrophobic interactions), thereby locking the kinase in an inactive ‘DFG-out’ conformation .
MBD (7-(p-Methoxybenzylamino)-4-nitrobenz-2,1,3-oxadiazole), a new fluorescent probe for protein and nucleoprotein conformation, is applied to bacterial ribosomes and to bovine trypsinogen and trypsin. MBD is strongly fluorescent upon binding to a hydrophobic area of a macromolecule .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
11-Azidoundecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. 11-Azidoundecanoic acid acts as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker that can be further modified at the azido-position using Staudinger ligation or Click-chemistry. 11-Azidoundecanoic acid is substrate of lipoic acid ligase (LpIA) for labeling . 11-Azidoundecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
FTO-IN-10 (compound 7) is a potent human demethylase FTO (the fat mass and obesity-associated protein) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.5 μM. FTO-IN-10 enters the FTO’s structural domain II binding pocket through hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. FTO-IN-10 induces DNA damage and autophagic cell death in A549 cells .
N-Methyl-DL-valine is a valine derivant, is metabolized to cysteine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, citric acid, and succinic acid in the sprout. N-Methyl-DL-valine involves in the modification of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), an anti-tubulin agent, makes it hydrophobic functionalization and increases cell permeability .
Vps34-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of class III Vps34 PI3K. Vps34-IN-1 inhibits phosphorylation of PtdIns by recombinant insect cell expressed Vps34-Vps15 complex with an IC50 of ~25 nM. Vps34-IN-1 can suppress SGK3 activation by reducing PtdIns(3)P levels via lowering phosphorylation of T-loop and hydrophobic motifs. Vps34-IN-1 modulates autophagy .
DANSYL-X, SE is an environmentally sensitive hydrophobic dye (Excitation 333 nM; Emission 518 nM). DANSYL-X, SE can increase fluorescence intensity in hydrophobic environment .
Proteins separation resin is a hydrophobic interaction chromatography resin that can be used in the monoclonal antibody purification (Particle size: 65 μm) .
Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d9 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodeoxycholic acid- 13C is the 13C-labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodeoxycholic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
DL-Isoleucine-d10 is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chenodeoxycholic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
RT-NH2 is a RealThiol prototype without the carboxylic acid groups. RT-NH2 is fairly hydrophobic and cannot distribute in the nucleus, which is a hallmark of protein binding for fluorescent probe.
TMV-IN-7 (compound G2) is a potent inhibitor of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). TMV-IN-7 exhibits strong hydrophobic interactions to obstructing the virus’s self-assembly .
L-Isoleucine- 13C6, 15N is 13C and 15N labeled L-isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
L-Isoleucine- 15N,d10 is the deuterium and 15N-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
Zwittergent 3-14 (DMAPS) is a zwitterionic detergent commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology for the solubilization and purification of membrane-bound proteins and other hydrophobic biomolecules, which have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties , so that it has good detergency properties, making it suitable for stabilizing membrane proteins in aqueous solutions. In addition, DMAPS has been used in various techniques such as electrophoresis and chromatography for the separation and analysis of biomolecules. The long The hydrocarbon chains provide it with good membrane penetration and solubilization capabilities, while the sulfonate and quaternary ammonium groups ensure water solubility and charge neutrality.
Thiacloprid, a chloronicotinyl insecticide, is targeted chiefly to control aphid pest species in orchards and vegetables . Thiacloprid destabilizes DNA. Thiacloprid changes the structure and stability of DNA through binding into the minor groove by hydrophobic or hydrogen interactions .
Carviolin is a compound isolated from the mycelia of the ascomycete Neobulgaria pura. Carviolin inhibits the formation of appressoria in germinating conidia of Magnaporthe grisea on inductive (hydrophobic) surface. Carviolin exhibits moderate cytotoxic, but no antifungal, antibacterial, or phytotoxic activities .
H-Arg-OtBu (dihydrochloride) is a membrane-targeting antimicrobial. H-Arg-OtBu (dihydrochloride) targets the negatively charged bacterial membrane via a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. H-Arg-OtBu (dihydrochloride) can be used for bacterial infections diseases research .
Methyl isonicotinate-(CH2)2-COOH (hapten 2b) is a hapten that can be activated with NHS and DCC. Methyl isonicotinate-(CH2)2-COOH has more immunogenicity and hydrophobicity .
L-Isoleucine- 13C6, 15N,d10 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
L-Cysteine- 13C3, 15N,d3 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
β-Amyrin acetate is a triterpenoid with potent anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic activities. β-Amyrin acetate can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity by locating in the hydrophobic binding cleft of HMG CoA reductase .
18-Azido-stearic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. 18-Azido-stearic acid can be used as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker (using N-Myristoyltransferase) that can be further modified at the azido-position using Click-chemistry .
XY018 is a potent ROR-γ-selective antagonist. XY018 inhibits ROR-γ constitutive activity in 293T cells with high potency (EC50, 190 nM). XY018 binds to the ROR-γ hydrophobic ligand binding domain (LBD) .
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .
Pivagabine (CXB 722) is a hydrophobic 4-aminobutyric acid derivative with neuromodulatory activity. Pivagabine penetrates the blood-brain barrier in rats. Pivagabine antagonizes the effects of foot shock on both GABAA receptor function and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) concentrations in rat brain .
FM 2-10 is a fluorescent dye. FM 2-10 is a less hydrophobic version of FM 1-43 (HY-D1434). FM 2-10 can be used for identifying actively firing neurons and investigating the mechanisms of activity-dependent vesicle cycling .
Catestatin TFA is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin TFA is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin TFA is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .
Antifungal agent 40 is an antifungal agent which extends into the narrow hydrophobic pocket II of C.alb. CYP51. Antifungal agent 40 has an inhibitory effect on lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Antifungal agent 40 inhibits biofilm formation .
DSPE-PEG-Cy5, MW 2000 a red fluorophore polyPEG with lipid hydrophobic tails. The Cy5 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as protein and nucleic acid labeling for imaging, flow cytometry, and genomic applications. The dye has an excitation peak at 651 nm and an emission peak at 670 nm.
Leucinostatin A (Antibiotic P168) is a nonapeptide exerting a remarkable activity especially against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Leucinostatin A is a hydrophobic nonapeptide antibiotic. Leucinostatin A inhibits prostate cancer growth through reduction of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in prostate stromal cells. Antiprotozoal activies .
EBOV/MARV-IN-3 (compound 32) is a potent EBOV and MARV inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.5, 1.2 µM, respectively. EBOV/MARV-IN-3 binds to the hydrophobic pocket close to EBOV Y517. EBOV/MARV-IN-3 shows antiviral activity .
N-Methyl-DL-valine (N-Methylvaline) hydrochloride is a valine derivant, is metabolized to cysteine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, citric acid, and succinic acid in the sprout. N-Methyl-DL-valine hydrochloride involves in the modification of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), an anti-tubulin agent, makes it hydrophobic functionalization and increases cell permeability .
Bis-ANS dipotassium is a fluorescent probe of hydrophobic protein. Bis-ANS binds to tubulin with a Kd of 2 μM . Bis-ANS dipotassium is a potent biphasic modulator of protein liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Bis-ANS dipotassium promotes LLPS at low concentrations but suppresses LLPS at high concentrations .
BVDV-IN-1 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor (NNI) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), with an EC50 of 1.8 μM. BVDV-IN-1 directly binds to a hydrophobic pocket of the BVDV RdRp. BVDV-IN-1 has antiviral activity against BVDV resistant to NNI thiosemicarbazone (TSC) .
C13-112-tetra-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tetra-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
C13-112-tri-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tri-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
C13-113-tetra tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tetra tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
C13-113-tri tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tri tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein, a lipophilic fluorescent probe, is a free-fatty-acid conjugate of fluorescein. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein has been used in membrane fluidity studies and the determination of critical micelle concentration of detergents. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein can be also used to synthesize hydrophobic nanospheres for drug delivery .
Sophorose is a disaccharide component of microbial glycolipids produced by yeast called sophorolipids. Due to their hydrophobic nature, sophorolipids are commonly used as biosurfactants. Sophorolipids also exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, spermicidal, virucidal, and anticancer activities. Sophorose has been identified as a potent inducer of cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei fermentation studies.
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
RU 59063 is an N-substituted arylthiohydantoin compound with antiandrogenic activity and high relative binding affinity for the rat androgen receptor. RU 59063 is a nonsteroidal androgen receptor that functions as a radioactive AR radioprobe (Ki: 0.71 nM, rAR) when its trifluoromethyl group is replaced by a similar hydrophobic iodine atom .
Gramicidin A is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) .
Thiacloprid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Thiacloprid[1]. Thiacloprid, a chloronicotinyl insecticide, is targeted chiefly to control aphid pest species in orchards and vegetables[1]. Thiacloprid destabilizes DNA. Thiacloprid changes the structure and stability of DNA through binding into the minor groove by hydrophobic or hydrogen interactions[2].
Nile red (Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. Nile red has environment-sensitive fluorescence. Nile red is intensely fluorescent in a lipid-rich environment while it has minimal fluorescence in aqueous media. Nile red is an excellent vital stain for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytof uorometry. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red. The fluorescence wavelength is 559/635 nm .
Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Magainin 1 TFA (Magainin I TFA) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Glycosyltransferase-IN-1 (compound 5m) is a potent glycosyltransferase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 82.8 μM. Glycosyltransferase-IN-1 shows antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 6 μg/mL for MSSA, MRSA, B. subtilis and 12 μg/mL for E. coli .
TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe (Ex=355 nm; Em=430 nm). TMA-DPH is able to anchor on the cell surface and localize to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. By analyzing the fluorescence polarization values of TMA-DPH in the plasma membrane and membrane substructures, the fluidity of the cell membrane can be determined .
Swertiajaponin is a tyrosinase inhibitor, forms multiple hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the binding pocket of tyrosinase, with an IC50 of 43.47 μM. Swertiajaponin also inhibits oxidative stress-mediated MAPK/MITF signaling, leading to decrease in tyrosinase protein level. Swertiajaponin suppresses melanin accumulation and exhibits strong anti-oxidative activity .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
Phospholipid-PEG-Biotin (MW 5000) is a phospholipid PEG derivative, can be used for modify liposome and cells surface, and pancreatic islets for cell transplantation. Phospholipid is a class of lipid containing a hydrophilic “head” and two hydrophobic “tails”; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein .
1-Methylisatin is a potent and selective CE (carboxylesterases) inhibitor, with Kis of 38.2 and 5.38 μM for hiCE and hCE1, respectively. 1-Methylisatin interacts with Hb (human adult hemoglobin) by hydrophobic binding and electrostatic attraction. 1-Methylisatin can be used in the study of regulation of agent metabolism in vivo .
DSPE-NHS is a bioconjugation phospholipid molecule with two hydrophobic lipid tails. The NHS-ester is reactive with N-terminal of protein/peptide or other amine molecule to form a stable amide linkage. DSPE-NHS is a self-assembling reagent which forms lipid bilayer in aqueous solution. DSPE-NHS can be used to prepare liposomes as agent nanocarrier .
Tridodexylmethylammonium chloride, also known as TDMAC, is a cationic surfactant commonly used in various industrial and research applications. It belongs to the family of quaternary ammonium compounds and has a positively charged head and a hydrophobic tail, which allows it to be used as a detergent, emulsifier and antimicrobial. Known for its ability to disrupt cell membranes, TDMAC is frequently used in microbiology for the selective isolation and identification of bacteria.
Gramicidin A (TFA) is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A (TFA) is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A (TFA) induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) .
4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside is an α-L-fucosidase. α-L-fucosidase can enhance capacitation of porcine sperm and protect sperm from premature acrosome reaction. Compared with human liver α-L-fucosidase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside has considerable hydrophobicity and isoelectric focusing properties .
BB 0305179 (compound 59) is a potent anti-prion agent, with an IC50 of 4.7 μM. BB 0305179 inhibits the toxicity of a specific PrP mutant carrying a deletion in the hydrophobic domain . BB 0305179 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Phospholipid-PEG-Biotin (MW 2000) is a Biotin labeled phospholipid PEG derivative, can be used for modify liposome and cells surface, and pancreatic islets for cell transplantation. Phospholipid is a class of lipid containing a hydrophilic “head” and two hydrophobic “tails”; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein .
BMS-202 is a potent and nonpeptidic PD-1/PD-L1 complex inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 nM and a KD of 8 μM. BMS-202 binds to PD-L1 and blocks human PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. BMS-202 has antitumor activity .
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) is a cyclic heptasaccharide used to deliver hydrophobic agents based on its property of solubilizing non-polar substances. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is also extensively used as a cholesterol-depleting reagent . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin strongly reduces clathrin-dependent endocytosis . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin blocks cell migrasome formation .
Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K + complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K + gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research .
Sulfobetaine 10, is a zwitterionic surfactant commonly used in biochemistry and biophysics. It is commonly used to dissolve membrane proteins and other hydrophobic molecules in aqueous solutions. Sulfobetaine 10 has both positively and negatively charged groups in its structure, which allows it to maintain a neutral charge in solution and reduces its tendency to denature proteins. It is considered a mild, non-denaturing surfactant and is widely used in protein research.
5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-dC (N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine, compound 7), a deoxynucleoside, can be used to synthesize of dodecyl phosphoramidite which is the raw material for dod‐DNA (amphiphilic DNA containing an internal hydrophobic region consisting of dodecyl phosphotriester linkages) synthesis .
α-Glucosidase-IN-28 (Compound 18) is a α-Glucosidase inhibitor (IC50: 0.62 μM, Ki: 3.93 μM). α-Glucosidase-IN-28 binds to α-glucosidase at the original binding site (OBS), and forms multiple hydrophobic interactions with nearby amino acids. α-Glucosidase-IN-28 can be used for research of diabetes and related diseases .
CYMAL-5 is a cycloalkyl aliphatic saccharide. CYMAL-5 is a glycosidic surfactant (GS) with a chiral maltose polar head group and a cyclohexyl-pentyl hydrophobic tail. CYMAL-5 is a non-ionic detergent that has a tenfold lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) in comparison with OG, and has previously been used for membrane protein extraction or crystallization of membrane proteins for X-ray crystallographic studies .
m-PEG-OH (MW 20000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Nanoscale micelles can be prepared by using amphiphilic block copolymers to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 10000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 1000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger cancer-killing activity than free Paclitaxel. And it accumulates preferentially in tumor tissues and has only limited distribution in healthy organs.
CYP3A4-IN-2 is a specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) with the IC50 value of 0.055 μM. CYP3A4-IN-2 is a ritonavir analogue with increased hydrophobicity of the R2 side group and stronger inhibitory effect compared to ritonavir. CYP3A4-IN-2 can be used as an antiviral agent and immunosuppressants .
EGFR/AURKB-IN-1 (compound 7) is a dual-targeted EGFR/AURKB inhibitor, and inhibits the phpsphorylations of L858R EGFR and AURKB with IC50s of 0.07 and 1.1, respectively. EGFR/AURKB-IN-1 occupies the hydrophobic region I or the αC-helix out pocket of EGFR and the back pocket of AURKB, inhibiting the growth, division and metastasis of tumor cells, thus can be used for cancer research .
Tesirine (SG3249) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload. Tesirine combines potent antitumor activity with desirable physicochemical properties such as favorable hydrophobicity and improved conjugation characteristics. SG3199 (HY-101161) is the released warhead component of the ADC payload Tesirine. SG3199 retains picomolar activity in a panel of cancer cell lines. PBD dimers are highly efficient DNA minor groove cross-linking agents with potent cytotoxicity .
α-Glucosidase-IN-32 (compound f26) is a reversible, noncompetitive and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.07 μM. α-Glucosidase-IN-32 complex with α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, led to changes in the conformation and secondary strictures of α-glucosidase and further the inhibition of the enzymatic activity. α-Glucosidase-IN-32 can be used for diabetic disease research .
BRD4 Inhibitor-18 is a highly potent BRD4 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 110 nM. BRD4 Inhibitor-18 has a hydrophobic acetylcyclopentanyl side chain. BRD4 Inhibitor-18 can significantly suppress the proliferation of MV-4-11 cells with high BRD4 level. BRD4 Inhibitor-18 has apoptosis-promoting and G0/G1 cycle-arresting activity .
4-Nitrophenyl stearate, which is an ester formed by the condensation of stearic acid and 4-nitrophenol, is commonly used as a substrate for enzymatic assays, where the hydrolysis of ester bonds by esterase and lipase can be measured by absorbance or ratio In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl stearate has been used as a model compound to study the enzymatic activity and selectivity of lipases and esterases from various sources. The long hydrophobic tail of the molecule makes it suitable for use in lipophilic Good solubility in the environment makes it a useful probe for studying lipid metabolism.
Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide is a synthetic cationic lipid commonly used in gene delivery and vaccine development. Also known as DODAB or DDAB, it consists of a positively charged ammonium head group and two long hydrophobic tails. These properties make it useful for forming liposomes and other lipid-based nanoparticles that can efficiently deliver genetic material into cells. In addition to its applications in biotechnology, DDAB is also used in surfactants, emulsifiers and fabric softeners. However, due to its potential toxicity and irritation, extreme care should be taken when handling DDAB.
Sorbitan monooctadecanoate is a hydrophobic nonionic surfactant. Sorbitan monooctadecanoate can be used as an excipient, such as emulsifiers, nonionic surfactants, solubilizers, wetting and dispersing/suspending agents. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Antifungal agent 41 (compound B01) is an antifungal agent. Antifungal agent 41 shows inhibitory effect on Candida albicans in virto and vivo. Antifungal agent 41 can be used for the research of invasive fungal infections .
DDMAB, or didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, is a cationic surfactant commonly used in a variety of industrial and research applications. It belongs to the family of quaternary ammonium compounds and has a positively charged head and a hydrophobic tail, which allows it to be used as a detergent, emulsifier and antimicrobial. Known for its ability to disrupt cell membranes, DDMAB is commonly used in microbiology to selectively isolate and identify bacteria. It is also used in nanotechnology to synthesize metal nanoparticles and other materials. In addition, DDMAB has the ability to interact with and penetrate cell membranes, which has potential applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and other medical fields.
(Z)-4EGI-1 is the Z-isomer of 4EGI-1 and is an inhibitor of eIF4E/eIF4G interaction and of translation initiation. (Z)-4EGI-1 effectively binds to eIF4E with an IC50 of 43.5 μM and a Kd value of 8.74 μM. (Z)-4EGI-1 has anticancer activity .
LT175, a dual PPARα/γ ligand, is an orally active partial agonist against PPARγ(hPPARα:EC50=0.22 μm; mPPARα:EC50=0.26 μm; hPPARγ:EC50=0.48 μm). LT175 interacts with PPARγ and affects the recruitment of the coregulators cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein-binding protein and nuclear corepressor 1 (NCoR1). LT175 interacts with PPARγ in a hydrophobic region called “diphenyl pocket”. LT175 has potent insulin-sensitizing effects and reduced adipogenic properties .
Epsilon-V1-2, Cys-conjugated is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is the εPKC specific inhibitor. Its inhibitory activity is based on εPKC translocation and MARCKS phosphorylation. This peptide interferes with εPKC interaction with the anchoring protein εRACK. This peptide contains a cysteine residue added to the C-terminus for potential S-S bond formation with a carrier protein.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
Bid BH3 (80-99) is a biological active peptide. (BID is a pro-apoptotic member of the 'BH3-only' (BOPS) subset of the BCL-2 family of proteins that constitute a critical control point in apoptosis. Bid is the first of the BOPs reported to bind and activate Bcl-2, Bax, and Bak. Bid serves as a death-inducing ligand that moves from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane to inactivate Bcl-2 or to activate Bax.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 is a potent degrader of cerebral amyloid-beta (Abeta). Abeta deposition is associatied with the Alzheimer disease (AD), due to its related toxicity linked to its beta-sheet conformation and/or aggregation. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reproducibly induces in vivo disassembly of fibrillar amyloid deposits. Thus, β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 prevents and/or reverses neuronal shrinkage caused by Abeta, and reduces the extent of interleukin-1beta positive microglia-like cells that surround the Abeta deposits. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reduces the size and/or number of cerebral amyloid plaques in AD. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 labeled by hydrophobic benzyl alcohol (HBA) tag, can be used for quantitative assay by showing vivid blue color under acidic conditions .
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.
BODIPY FL L-Cystine is a thiol-reactive, green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL L-Cystine can be the labeling of membrane proteins, proteins with hydrophobic binding sites, or hydrophobic ligands. (λex=504 nm, λem=511 nm) .
BODIPY-C12 is a boron-dipyrromethene derivative containing a lipophilic tail (excitation 490 nm). BODIPY-C12 is a hydrophobic molecular and sensitivity to the surrounding environment and can be used for quantify viscosity .
Pyronin B is an organic cationic dye used for the staining of bacteria, mycobacteria and ribonucleic acids. Pyronin B is also used as a small hydrophobic (SH) protein channel inhibitor .
Chromoionophore I (ETH 5294) is a hydrophobic pH indicator. Chromoionophore I is used as a transmissive or fluorescent probe molecule in many types of hydrophobic sensor membranes. Chromoionophore I is oil-soluble .
RT-NH2 is a RealThiol prototype without the carboxylic acid groups. RT-NH2 is fairly hydrophobic and cannot distribute in the nucleus, which is a hallmark of protein binding for fluorescent probe.
FM 2-10 is a fluorescent dye. FM 2-10 is a less hydrophobic version of FM 1-43 (HY-D1434). FM 2-10 can be used for identifying actively firing neurons and investigating the mechanisms of activity-dependent vesicle cycling .
Bis-ANS dipotassium is a fluorescent probe of hydrophobic protein. Bis-ANS binds to tubulin with a Kd of 2 μM . Bis-ANS dipotassium is a potent biphasic modulator of protein liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Bis-ANS dipotassium promotes LLPS at low concentrations but suppresses LLPS at high concentrations .
5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein, a lipophilic fluorescent probe, is a free-fatty-acid conjugate of fluorescein. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein has been used in membrane fluidity studies and the determination of critical micelle concentration of detergents. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein can be also used to synthesize hydrophobic nanospheres for drug delivery .
Nile red (Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. Nile red has environment-sensitive fluorescence. Nile red is intensely fluorescent in a lipid-rich environment while it has minimal fluorescence in aqueous media. Nile red is an excellent vital stain for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytof uorometry. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red. The fluorescence wavelength is 559/635 nm .
TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe (Ex=355 nm; Em=430 nm). TMA-DPH is able to anchor on the cell surface and localize to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. By analyzing the fluorescence polarization values of TMA-DPH in the plasma membrane and membrane substructures, the fluidity of the cell membrane can be determined .
Zwittergent 3-14 (DMAPS) is a zwitterionic detergent commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology for the solubilization and purification of membrane-bound proteins and other hydrophobic biomolecules, which have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties , so that it has good detergency properties, making it suitable for stabilizing membrane proteins in aqueous solutions. In addition, DMAPS has been used in various techniques such as electrophoresis and chromatography for the separation and analysis of biomolecules. The long The hydrocarbon chains provide it with good membrane penetration and solubilization capabilities, while the sulfonate and quaternary ammonium groups ensure water solubility and charge neutrality.
Dioctadecylamine (DODA) is a secondary amine that has been shown to self-organize in plate-like structures in aqueous solution. Dioctadecylamine exhibits sufficiently hydrophobic properties of nanoparticles and good dispersibility in nonpolar solvent. Dioctadecylamine does not form a monolayer above pH 3.9 .
DSPE-PEG-Cy5, MW 2000 a red fluorophore polyPEG with lipid hydrophobic tails. The Cy5 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as protein and nucleic acid labeling for imaging, flow cytometry, and genomic applications. The dye has an excitation peak at 651 nm and an emission peak at 670 nm.
C13-112-tetra-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tetra-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
C13-112-tri-tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a PEG2 linker. C13-112-tri-tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
C13-113-tetra tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, four hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tetra tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
C13-113-tri tail is a cationic lipid-like compound containing a polar amino alcohol head group, three hydrophobic carbon-13 tails, and a tertiary amine linker. C13-113-tri tail can be formulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
Sophorose is a disaccharide component of microbial glycolipids produced by yeast called sophorolipids. Due to their hydrophobic nature, sophorolipids are commonly used as biosurfactants. Sophorolipids also exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, spermicidal, virucidal, and anticancer activities. Sophorose has been identified as a potent inducer of cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei fermentation studies.
Phospholipid-PEG-Biotin (MW 5000) is a phospholipid PEG derivative, can be used for modify liposome and cells surface, and pancreatic islets for cell transplantation. Phospholipid is a class of lipid containing a hydrophilic “head” and two hydrophobic “tails”; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein .
DSPE-NHS is a bioconjugation phospholipid molecule with two hydrophobic lipid tails. The NHS-ester is reactive with N-terminal of protein/peptide or other amine molecule to form a stable amide linkage. DSPE-NHS is a self-assembling reagent which forms lipid bilayer in aqueous solution. DSPE-NHS can be used to prepare liposomes as agent nanocarrier .
Tridodexylmethylammonium chloride, also known as TDMAC, is a cationic surfactant commonly used in various industrial and research applications. It belongs to the family of quaternary ammonium compounds and has a positively charged head and a hydrophobic tail, which allows it to be used as a detergent, emulsifier and antimicrobial. Known for its ability to disrupt cell membranes, TDMAC is frequently used in microbiology for the selective isolation and identification of bacteria.
Phospholipid-PEG-Biotin (MW 2000) is a Biotin labeled phospholipid PEG derivative, can be used for modify liposome and cells surface, and pancreatic islets for cell transplantation. Phospholipid is a class of lipid containing a hydrophilic “head” and two hydrophobic “tails”; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein .
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) is a cyclic heptasaccharide used to deliver hydrophobic agents based on its property of solubilizing non-polar substances. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is also extensively used as a cholesterol-depleting reagent . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin strongly reduces clathrin-dependent endocytosis . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin blocks cell migrasome formation .
Sulfobetaine 10, is a zwitterionic surfactant commonly used in biochemistry and biophysics. It is commonly used to dissolve membrane proteins and other hydrophobic molecules in aqueous solutions. Sulfobetaine 10 has both positively and negatively charged groups in its structure, which allows it to maintain a neutral charge in solution and reduces its tendency to denature proteins. It is considered a mild, non-denaturing surfactant and is widely used in protein research.
5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-dC (N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine, compound 7), a deoxynucleoside, can be used to synthesize of dodecyl phosphoramidite which is the raw material for dod‐DNA (amphiphilic DNA containing an internal hydrophobic region consisting of dodecyl phosphotriester linkages) synthesis .
CYMAL-5 is a cycloalkyl aliphatic saccharide. CYMAL-5 is a glycosidic surfactant (GS) with a chiral maltose polar head group and a cyclohexyl-pentyl hydrophobic tail. CYMAL-5 is a non-ionic detergent that has a tenfold lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) in comparison with OG, and has previously been used for membrane protein extraction or crystallization of membrane proteins for X-ray crystallographic studies .
m-PEG-OH (MW 20000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Nanoscale micelles can be prepared by using amphiphilic block copolymers to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 10000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 1000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger cancer-killing activity than free Paclitaxel. And it accumulates preferentially in tumor tissues and has only limited distribution in healthy organs.
4-Nitrophenyl stearate, which is an ester formed by the condensation of stearic acid and 4-nitrophenol, is commonly used as a substrate for enzymatic assays, where the hydrolysis of ester bonds by esterase and lipase can be measured by absorbance or ratio In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl stearate has been used as a model compound to study the enzymatic activity and selectivity of lipases and esterases from various sources. The long hydrophobic tail of the molecule makes it suitable for use in lipophilic Good solubility in the environment makes it a useful probe for studying lipid metabolism.
Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide is a synthetic cationic lipid commonly used in gene delivery and vaccine development. Also known as DODAB or DDAB, it consists of a positively charged ammonium head group and two long hydrophobic tails. These properties make it useful for forming liposomes and other lipid-based nanoparticles that can efficiently deliver genetic material into cells. In addition to its applications in biotechnology, DDAB is also used in surfactants, emulsifiers and fabric softeners. However, due to its potential toxicity and irritation, extreme care should be taken when handling DDAB.
DDMAB, or didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, is a cationic surfactant commonly used in a variety of industrial and research applications. It belongs to the family of quaternary ammonium compounds and has a positively charged head and a hydrophobic tail, which allows it to be used as a detergent, emulsifier and antimicrobial. Known for its ability to disrupt cell membranes, DDMAB is commonly used in microbiology to selectively isolate and identify bacteria. It is also used in nanotechnology to synthesize metal nanoparticles and other materials. In addition, DDMAB has the ability to interact with and penetrate cell membranes, which has potential applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and other medical fields.
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
Ac-IHIHIQI-NH2 is a fibril-forming heptapeptide with high catalytic activity to laccase mimics. Ac-IHIHIQI-NH2 exhibits selectivity for hydrophobic p-nitrophenyl (ONp) ester substrates in the process of self-assembly .
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .
Catestatin TFA is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin TFA is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin TFA is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .
N-Methyl-DL-valine is a valine derivant, is metabolized to cysteine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, citric acid, and succinic acid in the sprout. N-Methyl-DL-valine involves in the modification of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), an anti-tubulin agent, makes it hydrophobic functionalization and increases cell permeability .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
Gramicidin A is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) .
Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Magainin 1 TFA (Magainin I TFA) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Hel 13-5 is a monomeric synthetic peptide based on the N-terminal segment of human SP-B. Hel 13-5 mainly is a-helical and consists of 13 hydrophobic and 5 hydrophilic amino acid residues. Hel 13-5 can be used in combination with phospholipids for developing pulmonary surfactant model systems .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
Gramicidin A (TFA) is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A (TFA) is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A (TFA) induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) .
Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K + complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K + gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research .
Amyloid-Forming peptide GNNQQNY is a biological active peptide. (This is a heptapeptide from the N-terminal prion-determining domain of the yeast protein Sup35 that forms amyloid fibrils. The availability of its detailed atomic oligomeric structure makes it a good model for studying the early stage of aggregation. The GNNQQNY dimer forms three stable sheet structures. in-register parallel, off-register parallel, and anti-parallel. The in-register parallel dimer, which is close to the amyloid beta-sheet structure, has few interpeptide hydrogen bonds, making hydrophobic interactions more important and increasing the conformational entropy compared to the anti-parallel sheet.)
EE epitope is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is a 314 to 319 amino acids fragment of the middle T antigen of mouse polymavirus. Glu-Glu epitope peptide is widely used as an epitope tag.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
DNA-PK Substrate is a biological active peptide. (A substrate for DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), phosphorylation. DNA-PK is essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This peptide corresponding to 11–24 amino acids of human p53 with threonine 18 and serine 20 changed to alanine is used as a substrate for the assay of DNA-PK activityPyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
Epsilon-V1-2, Cys-conjugated is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is the εPKC specific inhibitor. Its inhibitory activity is based on εPKC translocation and MARCKS phosphorylation. This peptide interferes with εPKC interaction with the anchoring protein εRACK. This peptide contains a cysteine residue added to the C-terminus for potential S-S bond formation with a carrier protein.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
Melan-A/MART-1 analog ([Leu27]-Melan-A, MART-1 (26-35)) is a biological active peptide. (This Melan-A (26-35) analog, Leu substituted for Ala at position 27, shows better HLA-A*0201 binding properties as well as better immunogenicity and antigenicity than the natural Melan-A (26-35).Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
Influenza NP (311-325) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is amino acids 311 to 325 fragment of the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP). This bona fide MHC class II restricted epitope from influenza virus was used to study the host immunoresponse during the infection. This peptide elicits the strongest gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in the intracellular cytokine assays. It does not stimulate CD8 T-cells in mice.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
Bid BH3 (80-99) is a biological active peptide. (BID is a pro-apoptotic member of the 'BH3-only' (BOPS) subset of the BCL-2 family of proteins that constitute a critical control point in apoptosis. Bid is the first of the BOPs reported to bind and activate Bcl-2, Bax, and Bak. Bid serves as a death-inducing ligand that moves from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane to inactivate Bcl-2 or to activate Bax.Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 is a potent degrader of cerebral amyloid-beta (Abeta). Abeta deposition is associatied with the Alzheimer disease (AD), due to its related toxicity linked to its beta-sheet conformation and/or aggregation. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reproducibly induces in vivo disassembly of fibrillar amyloid deposits. Thus, β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 prevents and/or reverses neuronal shrinkage caused by Abeta, and reduces the extent of interleukin-1beta positive microglia-like cells that surround the Abeta deposits. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 reduces the size and/or number of cerebral amyloid plaques in AD. β-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAβ5 labeled by hydrophobic benzyl alcohol (HBA) tag, can be used for quantitative assay by showing vivid blue color under acidic conditions .
Chenodeoxycholic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chenodeoxycholic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Carviolin is a compound isolated from the mycelia of the ascomycete Neobulgaria pura. Carviolin inhibits the formation of appressoria in germinating conidia of Magnaporthe grisea on inductive (hydrophobic) surface. Carviolin exhibits moderate cytotoxic, but no antifungal, antibacterial, or phytotoxic activities .
β-Amyrin acetate is a triterpenoid with potent anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic activities. β-Amyrin acetate can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity by locating in the hydrophobic binding cleft of HMG CoA reductase .
Leucinostatin A (Antibiotic P168) is a nonapeptide exerting a remarkable activity especially against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Leucinostatin A is a hydrophobic nonapeptide antibiotic. Leucinostatin A inhibits prostate cancer growth through reduction of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in prostate stromal cells. Antiprotozoal activies .
Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Magainin 1 TFA (Magainin I TFA) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside is an α-L-fucosidase. α-L-fucosidase can enhance capacitation of porcine sperm and protect sperm from premature acrosome reaction. Compared with human liver α-L-fucosidase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside has considerable hydrophobicity and isoelectric focusing properties .
Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K + complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K + gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research .
The SLC29A2 protein is a bidirectional uniporter that maintains cellular nucleoside homeostasis. As a Na(+)-independent transporter, it facilitates the transport of various nucleosides and nucleobases, including inosine, adenosine, uridine, thymidine, cytidine, and guanosine. SLC29A2 Protein, Human (Sf9, His, MBP, FLAG) is the recombinant human-derived SLC29A2 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-MBP, C-Flag, N-8*His labeled tag. The total length of SLC29A2 Protein, Human (Sf9, His, MBP, FLAG) is 455 a.a., .
Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodeoxycholic acid- 13C is the 13C-labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d9 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Chenodeoxycholic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.
DL-Isoleucine-d10 is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
L-Isoleucine- 13C6, 15N is 13C and 15N labeled L-isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
L-Isoleucine- 15N,d10 is the deuterium and 15N-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
L-Isoleucine- 13C6, 15N,d10 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
L-Cysteine- 13C3, 15N,d3 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid[1]. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
Thiacloprid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Thiacloprid[1]. Thiacloprid, a chloronicotinyl insecticide, is targeted chiefly to control aphid pest species in orchards and vegetables[1]. Thiacloprid destabilizes DNA. Thiacloprid changes the structure and stability of DNA through binding into the minor groove by hydrophobic or hydrogen interactions[2].
11-Azidoundecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. 11-Azidoundecanoic acid acts as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker that can be further modified at the azido-position using Staudinger ligation or Click-chemistry. 11-Azidoundecanoic acid is substrate of lipoic acid ligase (LpIA) for labeling . 11-Azidoundecanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
18-Azido-stearic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. 18-Azido-stearic acid can be used as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker (using N-Myristoyltransferase) that can be further modified at the azido-position using Click-chemistry .
12-Azido-dodecanoyl-OSu is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. 12-Azido-dodecanoyl-OSu can be used as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker.
10-Undecynoyl-OSu is a click chemistry reagent. 10-Undecynoyl-OSu is used as a hydrophobic bioconjugation linker that can be further modified at the alkyne using Click-chemistry .
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