1. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Epigenetics Apoptosis
  2. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite
  3. Palmatine hydroxide

Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine hydroxide can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine hydroxide shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Palmatine hydroxide Chemical Structure

Palmatine hydroxide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 131-04-4

Size Price Stock Quantity
Free Sample (0.1 - 0.5 mg)   Apply Now  
250 mg USD 30 In-stock
1 g USD 85 In-stock
5 g   Get quote  
10 g   Get quote  

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Customer Review

Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Palmatine hydroxide:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

View All Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Specific Products:

View All Aurora Kinase Isoform Specific Products:

View All Parasite Isoform Specific Products:

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine hydroxide can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine hydroxide shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target

IDO-1

3 μM (IC50, HEK 293-hIDO-1)

IDO-1

157 μM (IC50, rhIDO-1)

WNV NS2B-NS3

96 μM (IC50)

In Vitro

Palmatine (0-100 μM; 42 h) suppresses WNV with an EC50 value of 3.6 μM, and reduce the viral titers of DENV-2 and YFV with EC50 values of 26.4 μM and 7.3 μM, respectively[3].
Palmatine (0-1128 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation[5].
Palmatine (0-704 μM; 24 h) reduces AURKA protein levels, induces G2/M phase arrest, and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial associated pathway[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Proliferation Assay[5]

Cell Line: HCT-116, SW480, HT-29
Concentration: 0, 88, 176, 352, and 704 μM (HCT-116, SW480); 0, 141, 282, 564, and 1128 μM (HT-29)
Incubation Time: 24, 48 and 72 h
Result: Decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis[5]

Cell Line: HCT-116, SW480, HT-29
Concentration: 100 nM for HCT-116, 500 nM for SW480 and HT-29
Incubation Time: 24, 48 and 72 h
Result: Promoted the expression of apoptosis markers such as P53 / P73, Caspase3, and Caspase9. Reduced AURKA protein levels. Increased cyt. c in the cytoplasm while reduced Bcl2 and Bcl-xl in a dose-dependent manner.

Cell Cycle Analysis[5]

Cell Line: HCT-116, SW480
Concentration: 88, 176, 352 and 704 μM
Incubation Time: 24, 48 and 72 h
Result: Induced G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.

Apoptosis Analysis[5]

Cell Line: HCT-116, SW480
Concentration: 88, 176, 352 and 704 μM
Incubation Time: 24, 48 and 72 h
Result: Induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
In Vivo

Palmatine (50 or 100 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 7 days) ameliorates DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced colitis and prevents infiltration of inflammatory cells[1].
Palmatine (0-200 mg/kg; i.p.; once) attenuates D-galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice[2].
Palmatine (0-1 mg/kg; i.p.; 10 days) shows memory-enhancing activity in mice[4].
Palmatine (33.75-135 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 26 days) can effectively inhibit the growth of HCT-116 xenografts in mice[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: DSS- induced Colitis BALB/c mice model (8-week-old)[1]
Dosage: 50 or 100 mg/kg
Administration: Orally, daily, for 7 days
Result: Ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and prevented infiltration of inflammatory cells; remarkably extended the colon length; significantly suppressed the colonic MPO activity. Decreased the levels of colonic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10); Protected mucosal integrity by modulating TJs protein and apoptosis proteins; Restored DSS-induced decreases of TJ protein ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-1; Reduced Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression at the dose of 100 mg/kg, prevented epithelial apoptosis and improved intestinal integrity. Prevented DSS-induced changes of gut microbiota in colitis mice.
Animal Model: Male ICR mice (20–22 g), D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure model[2]
Dosage: 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection, 1 h before the GalN/LPS treatment
Result: Attenuated the mortality and serum aminotransferase activities increased by GalN/LPS. Prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and augmented that of serum IL-10. Decreased the TNF-a mRNA expression and increased the IL-10 mRNA expression. Attenuated the apoptosis of hepatocytes.
Animal Model: Swiss young male albino mice, with Scopolamine (HY-N0296)- and diazepam-induced amnesia model[4]
Dosage: 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection, 10 days
Result: Significantly improved learning and memory of mice at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg and did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia in mice. Significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice.
Animal Model: BALB/c-nude mice, HCT-116 xenograft model[5]
Dosage: 33.75, 67.5 and 135 mg/kg
Administration: Oral administration, once a day for 26 days
Result: The tumor volume and weight of the treatment group were significantly reduced.
Molecular Weight

369.41

Formula

C21H23NO5

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

COC(C=C1C2=CC3=CC=C4OC)=C(C=C1CC[N+]2=CC3=C4OC)OC.[OH-]

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 15.62 mg/mL (42.28 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.7070 mL 13.5351 mL 27.0702 mL
5 mM 0.5414 mL 2.7070 mL 5.4140 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.7070 mL 13.5351 mL 27.0702 mL 67.6755 mL
5 mM 0.5414 mL 2.7070 mL 5.4140 mL 13.5351 mL
10 mM 0.2707 mL 1.3535 mL 2.7070 mL 6.7675 mL
15 mM 0.1805 mL 0.9023 mL 1.8047 mL 4.5117 mL
20 mM 0.1354 mL 0.6768 mL 1.3535 mL 3.3838 mL
25 mM 0.1083 mL 0.5414 mL 1.0828 mL 2.7070 mL
30 mM 0.0902 mL 0.4512 mL 0.9023 mL 2.2558 mL
40 mM 0.0677 mL 0.3384 mL 0.6768 mL 1.6919 mL
  • No file chosen (Maximum size is: 1024 Kb)
  • If you have published this work, please enter the PubMed ID.
  • Your name will appear on the site.
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Your Recently Viewed Products:

Inquiry Online

Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.

Product Name

 

Salutation

Applicant Name *

 

Email Address *

Phone Number *

 

Organization Name *

Department *

 

Requested quantity *

Country or Region *

     

Remarks

Bulk Inquiry

Inquiry Information

Product Name:
Palmatine hydroxide
Cat. No.:
HY-N0110B
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent: