Search Result

Results for "

insulin modulator

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Insulin Receptor (7) Adenosine Receptor (1) AMPK (10) Amyloid-β (3) Apoptosis (2) Cannabinoid Receptor (1) Caspase (2) Drug Metabolite (3) Endogenous Metabolite (3) Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) (1) FBPase (1) Fungal (1) G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (3) GCGR (3) GLP Receptor (3) Glucokinase (2) GLUT (2) Glycosidase (1) Histamine Receptor (1) iGluR (3) Interleukin Related (2) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (5) mAChR (2) Mitochondrial Metabolism (2) mTOR (4) Neprilysin (1) PARP (2) PGC-1α (6) Phosphatase (1) PKA (1) Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) (1) PPAR (16) RAR/RXR (2) Ras (1) Reference Standards (9) Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) (1) ROR (3) SOD (1) Tau Protein (3) TNF Receptor (1) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (10) Cardiovascular Disease (1) Endocrinology (8) Inflammation/Immunology (11) Metabolic Disease (56) Neurological Disease (10)

By Targets:

Insulin Receptor (7)

Adenosine Receptor (1)

AMPK (10)

Amyloid-β (3)

Apoptosis (2)

Cannabinoid Receptor (1)

Caspase (2)

Drug Metabolite (3)

Endogenous Metabolite (3)

Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) (1)

FBPase (1)

Fungal (1)

G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (3)

GCGR (3)

GLP Receptor (3)

Glucokinase (2)

GLUT (2)

Glycosidase (1)

Histamine Receptor (1)

iGluR (3)

Interleukin Related (2)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (5)

mAChR (2)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (2)

mTOR (4)

Neprilysin (1)

PARP (2)

PGC-1α (6)

Phosphatase (1)

PKA (1)

Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) (1)

PPAR (16)

RAR/RXR (2)

Ras (1)

Reference Standards (9)

Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) (1)

ROR (3)

SOD (1)

Tau Protein (3)

TNF Receptor (1)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (10)

Cardiovascular Disease (1)

Endocrinology (8)

Inflammation/Immunology (11)

Metabolic Disease (56)

Neurological Disease (10)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Targets Recommended: Insulin Receptor IGF-1R IDE

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W015924

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the *Insulin/IGF-1* pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-P2048

MOTS-c (human) 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis GLUT AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P4070

Insulin icodec	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin icodec is an Insulin (HY-P0035) analog that strongly but reversibly binds to albumin. Insulin icodec has long plasma half-life. Insulin icodec modulates insulin receptor activity, controls blood glucose levels, reduces HbA_1c levels, and binds reversibly to human serum albumin. Insulin icodec can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus .

HY-143712

Allolithocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-100550

MSDC 0160 4 Publications Verification Mitoglitazone; CAY10415	Insulin Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
MSDC 0160 (Mitoglitazone) is a mitochondrial target of thiazolidinediones (mTOT)-modulating insulin sensitizer and a modulator of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). MSDC 0160 is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) with antidiabetic and neuroprotective activities. MSDC 0160 has the potential for Alzheimer′s disease .

HY-15671

GKA50	Glucokinase	Metabolic Disease
GKA50 is a potent glucokinase activator (EC₅₀=33 nM at 5 mM glucose). GKA50 stimulates insulin release from mouse islets of Langerhans. GKA50 is a glucose-like activator of beta-cell metabolism in rodent and human islets and a Ca ²⁺-dependent modulator of insulin secretion. GKA50 shows significant glucose lowering in high fat fed female rats .

HY-139142

Simufilam 1 Publications Verification PTI-125	mTOR iGluR Amyloid-β Tau Protein	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Simufilam (PTI-125) is an orally active FLNA modulator. Simufilam restores NMDAR signaling and Arc expression. Simufilam inhibits overactive mTOR signaling by restoring the normal conformation of FLNA, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces Aβ₄₂-induced neuroinflammation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Simufilam can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N3686

D-Arabitol	AMPK PGC-1α	Metabolic Disease
D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research .

HY-142162

LSN3318839	GCGR	Metabolic Disease
LSN3318839 is an orally active positive modulator of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). LSN3318839 can increase the secretion of insulin and has the effect of lowering blood sugar .

HY-108022A

Azemiglitazone potassium 1 Publications Verification MSDC-0602K	Insulin Receptor PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Azemiglitazone potassium (MSDC-0602K), a PPARγ-sparing thiazolidinedione (Ps-TZD), binds to PPARγ with the IC₅₀ of 18.25 μM . Azemiglitazone potassium modulates the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Azemiglitazone potassium can be used for the research of fatty liver including dysfunctional lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance . Azemiglitazone potassium, an *insulin* sensitizer, improves insulinemia and fatty liver disease in mice, alone and in combination with Liraglutide .

HY-N15135

Arabinoxylan (Medium viscosity)	Interleukin Related Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Fungal	Metabolic Disease
Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity is an orally active Dectin-1 splice variant modulator, glucose absorption inhibitor, and chyme viscosity enhancer. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity inhibits particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1A activation and mildly suppresses Dectin-1B activation. In human dendritic cells stimulated with particulate β-glucan, Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity reduces the production of IL-10 and TNF-α, and increases the production of IL-4 and IL-23. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity also supports antifungal immune responses without activating TLR2, TLR4 or TLR5, and does not induce cytokine production when used to stimulate human dendritic cells alone. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity increases small intestinal chyme viscosity, gets degraded in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, reduces glucose absorption and insulin response, and improves glucose homeostasis. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity supports microbial fermentation and the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, prevents bile acid reabsorption, and delays starch digestion. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome .

HY-128400

4'-Methoxychalcone	PARP	Metabolic Disease Cancer
4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-107651

VU 0365114 1 Publications Verification	mAChR	Metabolic Disease
VU 0365114 is a selective mAChR M₅ positive allosteric modulator, with an EC₅₀ of 2.7 μM, and >30 μM for M1, M2, M3 and M4 receptors. VU 0365114 increases insulin secretion stimulated by ACh in human β-cells .

HY-100428

Netoglitazone MCC-555; Isaglitazone	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Netoglitazone (MCC-555) is an orally active PPARγ ligand with an EC₅₀ of 8 μM. Netoglitazone mediates cell type-specific functional regulation, and modulates the transcriptional activity of PPARγ as a full agonist, partial agonist or antagonist. Netoglitazone induces adipogenesis, inhibits osteoblastogenesis, alters the weight of extramedullary fat depots and enhances insulin sensitivity. Netoglitazone reduces blood glucose levels. Netoglitazone can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-101064S3

Fmoc-leucine-d10	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Fmoc-leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-116819

VU0453379	GCGR	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
VU0453379 is a blood-brain barrier permeable GLP-1R positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with an EC₅₀ value of 1.3 μM. VU0453379 potentiates the actions of endogenous GLP-1 and synthetic peptide agonists, and promotes GLP-1 receptor internalization. VU0453379 stimulates insulin secretion from primary mouse islets. VU0453379 enhances the function of endogenous GLP-1R and reverses catalepsy in animal models. VU0453379 is useful for research on Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes .

HY-P2048A

MOTS-c(human) acetate 1 Publications Verification	AMPK GLUT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) acetate is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) acetate inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) acetate has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-112819

**Insulin levels modulator**	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin levels modulator (Example 49) is an orally active insulin secretagogue. Insulin levels modulator can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-related disorders .

HY-108523

LG100754 UVI 2112	RAR/RXR	Metabolic Disease
LG100754 (UVI 2112) is a RXR dimers modulater. LG100754 acts as a RXR:RXR homodimer antagonist, but functions as a agonist towards RXR:PPARα and RXR:PPARγ heterodimers. LG100754 is an insulin sensitizer that functions through RXR .

HY-143312

V-0219	GLP Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
V-0219 is an orally active glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) positive allosteric modulator. V-0219 potentiates GLP-1R stimulation, and enhances GLP-1-induced cAMP production and insulin secretion. V-0219 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. V-0219 improves glucose handling in normal and diabetic rodents. V-0219 can be used for the research of obesity-associated diabetes .

HY-139142B

Simufilam hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification PTI-125 hydrochloride	mTOR iGluR Amyloid-β Tau Protein	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Simufilam hydrochloride (PTI-125 hydrochloride) is an orally active FLNA modulator. Simufilam hydrochloride restores NMDAR signaling and Arc expression. Simufilam hydrochloride inhibits overactive mTOR signaling by restoring the normal conformation of FLNA, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces Aβ₄₂-induced neuroinflammation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Simufilam hydrochloride can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease .

HY-101064S2

Fmoc-leucine-d3 N-FMOC-leucine-d₃; NPC 15199-d₃; NSC 334290-d₃	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Fmoc-leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-143312A

V-0219 hydrochloride	GLP Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
V-0219 hydrochloride is an orally active glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) positive allosteric modulator. V-0219 hydrochloride potentiates GLP-1R stimulation, and enhances GLP-1-induced cAMP production and insulin secretion. V-0219 hydrochloride potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. V-0219 hydrochloride improves glucose handling in normal and diabetic rodents. V-0219 hydrochloride can be used for the research of obesity-associated diabetes .

HY-101064S1

Fmoc-leucine-13C6,15N	Isotope-Labeled Compounds PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Fmoc-leucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is a ¹⁵N-labeled and ¹³C-labled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity

HY-P3580A

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA Human N-acetyl GIP TFA	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA is a fatty acid derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with improved antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic properties. Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA can be used for research of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity .

HY-134299

8-CPT-cAMP-AM 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-cAMP-AM	Ras PKA	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
8-CPT-cAMP-AM (8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-cAMP-AM) is an Epac/PKA activator. 8-CPT-cAMP-AM potentiates glucose-dependent first- and second-phase insulin secretion, induces β-cell depolarization, modulates intracellular calcium via influx and ryanodine-sensitive store mobilization, and facilitates calcium-induced calcium release resistant to PKA inhibition. 8-CPT-cAMP-AM can be used for the research of cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and melanoma .

HY-N3686R

D-Arabitol (Standard)	Reference Standards AMPK PGC-1α	Metabolic Disease
D-Arabitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Arabitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

HY-N3542

Carpachromene	Glycosidase	Cancer
Carpachromene is a potent α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor. Carpachromene ameliorates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via modulating IR/IRS1/PI3k/Akt/GSK3/FoxO1 pathway .

HY-139142A

Simufilam dihydrochloride PTI-125 dihydrochloride	Tau Protein Amyloid-β mTOR iGluR	Neurological Disease
Simufilam dihydrochloride (PTI-125 dihydrochloride) is an orally active FLNA modulator. Simufilam dihydrochloride restores NMDAR signaling and Arc expression. Simufilam dihydrochloride inhibits overactive mTOR signaling by restoring the normal conformation of FLNA, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces Aβ₄₂-induced neuroinflammation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Simufilam dihydrochloride can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease .

HY-W015924R

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-142162A

(S,R)-LSN3318839	GCGR	Metabolic Disease
(S,R)-LSN3318839 is the stereoisomer of LSN3318839 (HY-142162). LSN3318839 is an orally active positive modulator of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). LSN3318839 can increase the secretion of insulin and has the effect of lowering blood sugar .

HY-171850

GLP-1R modulator-1	GLP Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
GLP-1R modulator-1 (Compound 384) is an orally active, potent selective glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. GLP-1R modulator-1 activates G-protein coupled signaling, elevates intracellular cAMP levels, promotes insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying and suppresses appetite. GLP-1R modulator-1 is promising for research of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .

HY-178958

PPAR agonist 7	PPAR Adenosine Receptor Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
PPAR agonist 7 is an orally active pan-PPAR agonist, demonstrating potent activation of all three subtypes, PPARα (EC₅₀ = 1.51 μM), PPARδ (EC₅₀ = 1.11 μM), and PPARγ (EC₅₀ = 3.14 μM). PPAR agonist 7 significantly enhances glucose uptake in adipocytes while exhibiting minimal adipogenic activity. PPAR agonist 7 can suppress PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in white adipose tissue and upregulate insulin-sensitizing genes. PPAR agonist 7 does not cause weight gain or fluid retention in high-fat diet (HFD)/ Streptozotocin (HY-13753) (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models. PPAR agonist 7 has selective modulation of PPAR signaling pathways without activation of adipogenic gene programs. PPAR agonist 7 can be used for the study of diabetes .

HY-P3580

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) Human N-acetyl GIP	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) is a fatty acid derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with improved antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic properties. Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) can be used for research of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity .

HY-143712S1

Allolithocholic Acid-d4 3α-hydoxy-5α-Cholaoic Acid-d4, allo-LCA-d₄	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Allolithocholic Acid-d₄ (3α-hydoxy-5α-Cholaoic Acid-d₄, allo-LCA-d₄) is deuterium labeled Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-173622

PPARγ modulator-4	PPAR	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
PPARγ modulator-4 (Compound (I)) is a PPARγ inhibitor (K_D: 3.75 μM). PPARγ modulator-4 can inhibit CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser245. PPARγ modulator-4 can be used in insulin resistance research .

HY-176062

PPARγ modulator-3	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
PPARγ modulator-3 (Compound 11) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator with a K_D value of 186 nM. PPARγ modulator-3 is promising for research of insulin resistance (IR)-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome .

HY-121796

Mixanpril	Neprilysin	Others
Mixanpril is a compound with the ability to modulate insulin sensitivity and has the activity of regulating insulin sensitivity and femoral blood flow in obese Zucker rats. Mixanpril can affect insulin-mediated glucose disposal in obese Zucker rats and also has a regulatory effect on femoral blood flow, with different effects compared to the ACE inhibitor captopril.

HY-170874

PPARγ modulator-2	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
PPARγ modulator-2 (Compound (R)-2n) is the reversible modulator for PPARγ that inhibits PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM. PPARγ modulator-2 reduces blood glucose, improves the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, and exhibits anti-diabetic efficacy in db/db mouse models .

HY-155967

CB1R/AMPK modulator 1	AMPK Cannabinoid Receptor	Metabolic Disease
CB1R/AMPK modulator 1 (Compound 38-S) is an orally active CB1R/AMPK modulator, with an K_i of 0.81 nM and an IC₅₀ of 3.9 nM for CB1R. CB1R/AMPK modulator 1 activates AMPK. CB1R/AMPK modulator 1 reduces food intake and body weight, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity .

HY-N16508

3-Hydroxyphloridzin 3-Hydroxyphlorizin	Phosphatase	Metabolic Disease
3-Hydroxyphloridzin (3-Hydroxyphlorizin) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin modulates insulin receptor phosphorylation levels. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin is promising for research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-15671A

GKA50 quarterhydrate	Glucokinase	Metabolic Disease
GKA50 quarterhydrate is a potent glucokinase activator (EC₅₀=33 nM at 5 mM glucose) and stimulates insulin release from mouse islets of Langerhans. GKA50 quarterhydrate is a glucose-like activator of beta-cell metabolism in rodent and human islets and a Ca ²⁺-dependent modulator of insulin secretion. GKA50 quarterhydrate shows significant glucose lowering in high fat fed female rats .

HY-147705

PPARγ phosphorylation inhibitor 1	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
PPARγ phosphorylation inhibitor 1 (Compound 10) is a potent PPARγ binder with the IC₅₀ of 24 nM. PPARγ phosphorylation inhibitor 1 inhibits CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ Ser273 with the IC₅₀ of 160 nM. PPARγ phosphorylation inhibitor 1 displays negligible PPARγ agonism in a reporter gene assay. Antidiabetic effects .

HY-126969

C333H	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
C333H is a selective PPARγ modulator with insulin-sensitizing and hypoglycemic activities. C333H exhibits similar insulin-sensitizing effects to thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in diabetic mouse models without significantly increasing body weight or adipose tissue weight. C333H increases circulating high molecular weight adiponectin isoform levels in diabetic db/db mice, reduces serine phosphorylation of PPARγ 273 in brown adipose tissue, and selectively modulates the expression of specific PPARγ target genes in adipose tissue. Express. C333H exhibits weak recruitment of co-activators and weak dissociation of co-repressors in vitro. These properties suggest that C333H may be a potential inhibitor of type 2 diabetes .

HY-128400R

4'-Methoxychalcone (Standard)	PARP Reference Standards	Metabolic Disease Cancer
4'-Methoxychalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4'-Methoxychalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-100428R

Netoglitazone (Standard) MCC-555 (Standard); Isaglitazone (Standard)	Reference Standards PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Netoglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Netoglitazone (HY-100428). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Netoglitazone (MCC-555) is an orally active PPARγ ligand with an EC₅₀ of 8 μM. Netoglitazone mediates cell type-specific functional regulation, and modulates the transcriptional activity of PPARγ as a full agonist, partial agonist or antagonist. Netoglitazone induces adipogenesis, inhibits osteoblastogenesis, alters the weight of extramedullary fat depots and enhances insulin sensitivity. Netoglitazone reduces blood glucose levels. Netoglitazone can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-117459

E-3030 free acid	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
E-3030 free acid is a potent dual activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARgamma, exhibiting significant antidiabetic and lipid-modulating effects. E-3030 decreases blood glucose, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, and insulin levels, while increasing blood adiponectin levels. E-3030 improves glucose tolerance and shows remarkable triglyceride- and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects in animal models.

HY-161926

YGT-31	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
YGT-31 is a modulator for PPARγ with an IC₅₀ of 1.72 μM, and a K_i of 0.62 μM. YGT-31 reduces blood glucose levels and improves insulin resistance in db/db mice type 2 diabetes models, through inhibition of CDK5-mediated PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation. YGT-31 exhibits anti-hepatic steatosis effect in mice non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model .

HY-143712R

Allolithocholic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Allolithocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-N3686S

D-Arabitol-13C	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK PGC-1α	Metabolic Disease
D-Arabitol- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P2048

MOTS-c (human) 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis GLUT AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P4070

Insulin icodec	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Insulin icodec is an Insulin (HY-P0035) analog that strongly but reversibly binds to albumin. Insulin icodec has long plasma half-life. Insulin icodec modulates insulin receptor activity, controls blood glucose levels, reduces HbA_1c levels, and binds reversibly to human serum albumin. Insulin icodec can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus .

HY-P2048A

MOTS-c(human) acetate 1 Publications Verification	AMPK GLUT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) acetate is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) acetate inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) acetate has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P3580A

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA Human N-acetyl GIP TFA	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA is a fatty acid derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with improved antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic properties. Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA can be used for research of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity .

HY-P3580

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) Human N-acetyl GIP	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) is a fatty acid derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide with improved antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic properties. Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) can be used for research of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W015924

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the *Insulin/IGF-1* pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-143712

Allolithocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR
Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-N3686

D-Arabitol	Structural Classification Endogenous metabolite Saccharides Source Classification	AMPK PGC-1α
D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research .

HY-N15135

Arabinoxylan (Medium viscosity)	Structural Classification Polysaccharides Antibiotics Leguminosae Pisum sativum Linn Plants Saccharides Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Interleukin Related Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Fungal
Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity is an orally active Dectin-1 splice variant modulator, glucose absorption inhibitor, and chyme viscosity enhancer. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity inhibits particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1A activation and mildly suppresses Dectin-1B activation. In human dendritic cells stimulated with particulate β-glucan, Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity reduces the production of IL-10 and TNF-α, and increases the production of IL-4 and IL-23. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity also supports antifungal immune responses without activating TLR2, TLR4 or TLR5, and does not induce cytokine production when used to stimulate human dendritic cells alone. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity increases small intestinal chyme viscosity, gets degraded in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, reduces glucose absorption and insulin response, and improves glucose homeostasis. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity supports microbial fermentation and the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, prevents bile acid reabsorption, and delays starch digestion. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome .

HY-128400

4'-Methoxychalcone	Flavonoids Chalcones Classification of Application Fields Piperaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Piper nigrum Linn. Cancer Source Classification	PARP
4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-N3686R

D-Arabitol (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Saccharides Source Classification	Reference Standards AMPK PGC-1α
D-Arabitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Arabitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

HY-N3542

Carpachromene	Flavonoids Flavones Plants Calophyllaceae Calophyllum symingtonianum M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm. Source Classification	Glycosidase
Carpachromene is a potent α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor. Carpachromene ameliorates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via modulating IR/IRS1/PI3k/Akt/GSK3/FoxO1 pathway .

HY-W015924R

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].

HY-N16508

3-Hydroxyphloridzin 3-Hydroxyphlorizin	Structural Classification Phenols Polyphenols Thonningia sanguinea Vahl Plants Balanophoraceae Source Classification	Phosphatase
3-Hydroxyphloridzin (3-Hydroxyphlorizin) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin modulates insulin receptor phosphorylation levels. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin is promising for research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-128400R

4'-Methoxychalcone (Standard)	Structural Classification Chalcones Flavonoids Piperaceae Plants Piper nigrum Linn. Source Classification	PARP Reference Standards
4'-Methoxychalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4'-Methoxychalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-143712R

Allolithocholic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR
Allolithocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-N3055

Pinusolide	Cupressaceae Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis AMPK Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) Caspase
Pinusolide is an AMPK activator and PAF receptor antagonist. Pinusolide activates AMPK, phosphorylates ACC, enhances IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, boosts glucose uptake, and modulates insulin signaling. Pinusolide inhibits caspase-3/7 activation, intracellular calcium elevation, reactive oxygen species overproduction, lipid peroxidation, and tumor cell proliferation. Pinusolide stabilizes superoxide dismutase activity, reduces apoptotic hallmarks, induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and triggers DNA fragmentation. Pinusolide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma .

HY-N7773

Hibiscetin	Malvaceae Structural Classification Flavonols Flavonoids Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Plants Source Classification	TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Caspase SOD
Hibiscetin is an orally active anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective agent. Hibiscetin reduces the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Hibiscetin inhibits lipid peroxidation, reduces MDA levels, and induces the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, GSH and SOD. Hibiscetin lowers blood glucose, reverses reduced insulin levels, regulates adipokine levels, and reduces elevated AST and ALT levels. Hibiscetin alleviates Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced akinesia and catalepsy, normalizes neurotransmitter levels, and modulates the activities of activated caspase 3 and BDNF. Hibiscetin can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-101064S3

Fmoc-leucine-d10
Fmoc-leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-101064S2

Fmoc-leucine-d3
Fmoc-leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-101064S1

Fmoc-leucine-13C6,15N
Fmoc-leucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is a ¹⁵N-labeled and ¹³C-labled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity

HY-143712S1

Allolithocholic Acid-d4

Allolithocholic Acid-d₄ (3α-hydoxy-5α-Cholaoic Acid-d₄, allo-LCA-d₄) is deuterium labeled Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-N3686S

D-Arabitol-13C

D-Arabitol- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

HY-N3686S1

D-Arabitol-13C-1

D-Arabitol- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

HY-N3686S2

D-Arabitol-13C-2

D-Arabitol- ¹³C-2 is the ¹³C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.

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