Cat. No.: HY-N3055

Pinusolide

Customer Review

Based on 1 Customer Validation

Pinusolide is an AMPK activator and PAF receptor antagonist. Pinusolide activates AMPK, phosphorylates ACC, enhances IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, boosts glucose uptake, and modulates insulin signaling. Pinusolide inhibits caspase-3/7 activation, intracellular calcium elevation, reactive oxygen species overproduction, lipid peroxidation, and tumor cell proliferation. Pinusolide stabilizes superoxide dismutase activity, reduces apoptotic hallmarks, induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and triggers DNA fragmentation. Pinusolide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 31685-80-0
Formula: C₂₁H₃₀O₄
Molecular Weight:346.46

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Pinusolide Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 31685-80-0

Size

Price

Stock

Quantity

Amount: USD 0.00

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Purity & Documentation
References
Calculators
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

Caspase 3

Caspase-7

AMPK

All AMPK Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

In Vitro

Pinusolide (10-100 μM; 24 h) is non-cytotoxic to L6 myotubes at concentrations up to 100 μM^[1].
Pinusolide (10-20 μM; 0.5-24 h) dose-dependently and time-dependently increases AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in L6 myotubes, with peak effects at 20 μM for 2 h and 10 μM at 2 h respectively^[1].
Pinusolide (10-20 μM; 2 h) significantly increases glucose uptake in L6 myotubes, with 72% and 78% induction at 10 μM and 20 μM respectively after 2 h incubation^[1].
Pinusolide (10 μM; 2 h) has its induced AMPK/ACC phosphorylation blocked and mediated glucose uptake reduced by Compound C (HY-13418A) in L6 myotubes, confirming AMPK dependence^[1].
Pinusolide (10 μM; 2 h) requires LKB1 for induced AMPK activation and glucose uptake in L6 myotubes^[1].
Pinusolide (10 μM; 2 h) improves high glucose-induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes by restoring AMPK activation, reducing JNK phosphorylation, and reinstating insulin-stimulated IRS-1/Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake^[1].
Pinusolide (10 μM; 2 h) improves high glucose-induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes via an AMPK-dependent mechanism, as AMPKα2 knockdown abolishes all beneficial effects^[1].
Pinusolide (5.0 μM; 1 h pretreatment, 18 h STS exposure) protects primary mixed rat cortical cells from staurosporine-induced apoptotic morphological changes^[2].
Pinusolide (1.0-5.0 μM; 1 h pretreatment, 18 h STS exposure) preserves superoxide dismutase activity reduced by staurosporine in primary rat cortical cells, with greater preservation at 5.0 μM^[2].
Pinusolide (1.0-5.0 μM; 1 h pretreatment, 12 h STS exposure) reduces staurosporine-induced caspase-3/7 activation in primary rat cortical cells^[2].
Pinusolide (5-100 μM; 24-48 h) inhibits the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma BJAB cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with up to 44% inhibition after 24 h and up to 86% inhibition after 48 h of treatment^[3].
Pinusolide (50-100 μM; 48 h) induces mitochondrial permeability transition in Burkitt lymphoma BJAB cells, with 86.36% of cells exhibiting low mitochondrial membrane potential after 48 h treatment with 100 μM pinusolide^[3].
Pinusolide (50-100 μM; 72 h) induces apoptosis in Burkitt lymphoma BJAB cells, with 69.52% of cells showing DNA fragmentation after 72 h treatment with 100 μM pinusolide, accompanied by characteristic apoptotic morphological changes^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

L6 myotubes
Concentration:

10 μM; 20 μM
Incubation Time:

0.5 h; 1 h; 2 h; 4 h; 8 h; 24 h
Result:

Increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal increases observed at 20 μM after 2 h incubation.
Increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner, with peak phosphorylation observed at 2 h after treatment with 10 μM pinusolide, and elevated phosphorylation sustained up to 24 h.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

compound C-pretreated L6 myotubes
Concentration:

10 μM; 10 μM plus 10 μM Compound C
Incubation Time:

2 h
Result:

Induced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC which was completely abrogated by compound C pretreatment.
Increased glucose uptake to 3.3 pmol/mg/min (1.7-fold induction, P < 0.05) versus untreated cells (1.9 pmol/mg/min), but compound C pretreatment reduced this uptake to 2.0 pmol/mg/min (40% of pinusolide-only levels, P < 0.05).

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

LKB1 siRNA-transfected L6 myotubes
Concentration:

10 μM
Incubation Time:

2 h
Result:

Robustly increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and significantly increased glucose uptake in control siRNA-transfected cells.
Failed to increase AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and had no significant effect on glucose uptake in LKB1 siRNA-transfected cells.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

high glucose-exposed L6 myotubes
Concentration:

10 μM; 10 μM plus 30 mM glucose plus 100 nM
Incubation Time:

2 h
Result:

Increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in high glucose-exposed L6 myotubes.
Reduced high glucose-induced JNK phosphorylation.
Restored insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt.
Improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[3]

Cell Line:

Burkitt lymphoma BJAB cells
Concentration:

5 μM; 10 μM; 20 μM; 30 μM; 50 μM; 100 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h; 48 h
Result:

Inhibited BJAB cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.
Reduced cell count from 4.14 x10⁵/mL (control) to 2.24 x10⁵/mL at 50 μM and 2.46 x10⁵/mL at 100 μM after 24 h, reaching 44% maximum proliferation inhibition.
Reduced cell count from 13.35 x10⁵/mL (control) to 1.72 x10⁵/mL at 100 μM after 48 h, reaching up to 86% proliferation inhibition.

Apoptosis Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

Burkitt lymphoma BJAB cells
Concentration:

50 μM; 100 μM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Induced apoptosis in BJAB cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Caused 0.06% of cells to be apoptotic at 50 μM after 72 h.
Caused 69.52% of cells to be apoptotic at 100 μM after 72 h.
Triggered characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including cell shrinking, fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies containing chromatin bits in nearly all cells treated with 100 μM for 72 h.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 31685-80-0
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 346.46
Formula C₂₁H₃₀O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@@]1([C@H]2CCC3=CCOC3=O)[C@](CCC2=C)([H])[C@](C)(CCC1)C(OC)=O
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Diterpenoids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (282 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Hwang SL, et al. Pinusolide improves high glucose-induced insulin resistance via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;437(3):374-379. [Content Brief]

[2]. Koo KA, et al. Pinusolide and 15-methoxypinusolidic acid attenuate the neurotoxic effect of staurosporine in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;150(1):65-71. [Content Brief]

[3]. Shults EE, et al. Gram-scale synthesis of pinusolide and evaluation of its antileukemic potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006;16(16):4228-4232. [Content Brief]

Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Keywords

Product Name:
Cat. No.:
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Product Name:
CAS No.:
Species:
Purity:
Quantity:

Pinusolide

Apoptosis Compound Library

Epigenetics Compound Library

GPCR/G Protein Compound Library

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Compound Library

Natural Product Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Antioxidant Compound Library

Anti-diabetic Compound Library

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library

Ferroptosis Compound Library

Terpenoids Library

Glycolysis Compound Library

Pyroptosis Compound Library

Cytoskeleton Compound Library

Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Metabolism Compound Library

Neurodegenerative Disease-related Compound Library

Anti-Obesity Compound Library

Lipid Metabolism Compound Library

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

Food-Sourced Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Natural Product Library

Plant-Sourced Natural Product Library

Human Metabolite Library

Pain-Related Compound Library

Protease Inhibitor Library

Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library

Membrane Receptor-targeted Compound Library

Cell Death Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Multi-Target Compound Library

Radioprotector Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Natural Product Library Plus

Natural Product and Natural Product-Like Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

Miao Ethnicity Medicine Compound Library

Tibetan Medicine Compound Library

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

RO5 Drug-like Natural Product Library

Lactic Acid Metabolic Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Natural Product Library

Ancient Chinese Classical Formulas Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Diarrhea-Related Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library

Mongolian Medicine Compound Library

Lactylation Compound Library

All AMPK Isoforms

All Caspase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Purity & Documentation

References

Calculators

Help & FAQs

Pinusolide Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N3055