Balanophoraceae

Thonningianin A, an ellagitannin, is isolated from the methanolic extract of the African medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea. The antioxidant properties of Th A involve radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation. Anti-cancer activities.

Thonningianin B is an antioxidant and an autophagy enhancer.

Sieboldin is a dihydrochalcone, which inhibits the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE) produced by bovine serum albumins (BSA), has free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, and is also used to capture of methylglyoxal (MGO) from Malus baccata.

1-O-Caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, a hydrolyzable tannin found in the rhizome of Balanophora harlandii, is a radical scavenger. 1-O-Caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose scavenges DPPH (HY-N19661) radicals with a SC₅₀ value of 17.3 μM. 1-O-Caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose can be used for antioxidant research.

1-O-Caffeoyl-3,4-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a natural phenylacetylene.

1,3-Di-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a natural phenylacetylene.

4-Hydroxythonningianin B (4'-O-(4,6-O-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)phloretin) is a natural chalcone.

1-O-Caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-4,6-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a natural phenylacetylene.

1-O-Caffeoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a natural phenylacetylene.

(2S)-Eriodictyol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Compound 1b) is a type of flavanone glucoside compound, which can be found in Balanophora involucrate Hook. f.

3-Hydroxyphloridzin (3-Hydroxyphlorizin) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin modulates insulin receptor phosphorylation levels. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin is promising for research of type 2 diabetes.

(2R)-Eriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3a) is a flavonoid glucoside isolated from Balanophora involucrata.

Hesperetin dihydrochalcone-4′-O-β-D-glucoside is a type of dihydrochalcone compound that has flavor-modulating properties in various natural zero-calorie/low-calorie sweeteners.

Balanophonin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Balanophonin inhibits microglial activation and neurodegeneration via inhibiting activated microglia-induced apoptosis.