2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
Based on 1 Customer Validation
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) is a selective modulator of the Insulin/IGF-1 pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid promotes β-oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis by upregulating SKN-1/NRF2 and downregulating SREBP-1c transcription factors. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has anti-aging and lipid-lowering effects, and can be used to study metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is also a renewable precursor of methacrylate through 2-HIB-CoA mutase-mediated biosynthesis[1][2].
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 594-61-6
- Formula: C4H8O3
- Molecular Weight:104.11
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (10 mM; culture medium supplementation; 1 day) alters lipid metabolism in C. elegans by upregulating sbp-1, fat-7, and sams-1 transcription while downregulating acs-2 and ech-1[1].
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (10 mM; medium addition; duration; 1 d) activates p38 MAPK signaling in the C. elegans transgenic line LD1 (skn-1::GFP) and inhibits the insulin/IGF-1 pathway in TJ356 (daf-16::GFP)[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 594-61-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 104.11
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Formula C4H8O3
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Color White to pink
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SMILES
CC(C)(O)C(O)=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (960.52 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (960.52 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.01 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.01 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (614 KB)
- English - EN (614 KB)
- Français - FR (614 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (614 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (614 KB)
- Español - ES (614 KB)
- Swedish - SV (614 KB)
- Italian - IT (614 KB)
- Korean - KR (614 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (614 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Schifano E, et al. 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) modulates ageing and fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Nov 23;9:986022. [Content Brief]
[2]. Przybylski D, et al. Exploiting mixtures of H2, CO2, and O2 for improved production of methacrylate precursor 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid by engineered Cupriavidus necator strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Mar;99(5):2131-45. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 9.6052 mL | 48.0261 mL | 96.0523 mL | 240.1306 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.9210 mL | 9.6052 mL | 19.2105 mL | 48.0261 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9605 mL | 4.8026 mL | 9.6052 mL | 24.0131 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.6403 mL | 3.2017 mL | 6.4035 mL | 16.0087 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4803 mL | 2.4013 mL | 4.8026 mL | 12.0065 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3842 mL | 1.9210 mL | 3.8421 mL | 9.6052 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.3202 mL | 1.6009 mL | 3.2017 mL | 8.0044 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2401 mL | 1.2007 mL | 2.4013 mL | 6.0033 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1921 mL | 0.9605 mL | 1.9210 mL | 4.8026 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1601 mL | 0.8004 mL | 1.6009 mL | 4.0022 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1201 mL | 0.6003 mL | 1.2007 mL | 3.0016 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0961 mL | 0.4803 mL | 0.9605 mL | 2.4013 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid Related Classifications
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