Search Result

Results for "

electron transport

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) (4) ADC Payload (1) Antibiotic (3) Apoptosis (19) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (1) ATP Synthase (5) Autophagy (3) Bacterial (14) Biochemical Assay Reagents (7) Calcium Channel (2) Caspase (2) ClpP (1) Cytochrome P450 (3) Disulfidptosis (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (1) Drug Intermediate (1) Endogenous Metabolite (11) Enterovirus (3) Environmental Pollutants (14) ERK (1) Ferrochelatase (1) Ferroptosis (4) Fungal (6) GABA Receptor (2) GLUT (1) Glycosidase (2) Herbicide (14) Influenza Virus (4) Insecticide (6) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (9) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) MEK (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (32) Na+/K+ ATPase (2) NO Synthase (2) Notch (1) Oxidative Phosphorylation (4) Parasite (13) PARP (1) Photosystem II (8) Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (1) Pyruvate Kinase (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (18) Reference Standards (13) Squalene Monooxygenase (1) Succinate Dehydrogenase (1) Virus Protease (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (25) Cardiovascular Disease (7) Endocrinology (3) Infection (39) Inflammation/Immunology (8) Metabolic Disease (18) Neurological Disease (9)
Oligonucleotides:	Aptamers (1)

101

Inhibitors & Agonists

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: FATP

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B1756

Rotenone Maximum Cited Publications 178 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Neurological Disease
Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 100+ Cited Publications	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic	Infection Cancer
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N0111

Coenzyme Q10 10+ Cited Publications CoQ10; Ubiquinone-10; Ubidecarenone	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-125857

Cytochrome C 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. Cytochrome C is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis .

HY-D0937

Methoxy-PMS 5+ Cited Publications 1-Methoxy PMS; 1-Methoxyphenazine methosulfate	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Others
Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS), an active oxygen formation inducer, is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes .

HY-145597

KL-11743 5 Publications Verification	GLUT Disulfidptosis	Metabolic Disease Cancer
KL-11743 is a potent, orally active, and glucose-competitive inhibitor of the class I glucose transporters, with IC₅₀s of 115, 137, 90, and 68 nM for GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4, respectively. KL-11743 specifically blocks glucose metabolism. KL-11743 can synergize with electron transport inhibitors to induce cell death. In addition, KL-11743 can induce the formation of disulfide bonds in actin cytoskeletal proteins, leading to the occurrence of cellular disulfidptosis .

HY-136406

Bongkrekic acid 1 Publications Verification	ATP Synthase	Infection Cancer
Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans . Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-112177

Myxothiazol	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Antibiotic	Infection
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml .

HY-101415

Coenzyme Q9 1 Publications Verification Ubiquinone Q9; CoQ9; Ubiquinone 9	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-125857A

Cytochrome C (equine heart)	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Caspase	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C (equine heart) is composed of 104 amino acids and is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein. Cytochrome C (equine heart) is involved in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis. Cytochrome C (equine heart) can act as a single electron carrier .

HY-Y0488A

Formic acid ammonium 2 Publications Verification Ammonium formate	Environmental Pollutants Calcium Channel NO Synthase Bacterial ATP Synthase	Metabolic Disease
Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed .

HY-N2024A

Maltose monohydrate 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Glycosidase	Metabolic Disease
Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders .

HY-130055

HQNO 2 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a K_d of 64 nM for complex III . HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species .

HY-N12257

Antimycin A2 2 Publications Verification	Cytochrome P450 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Infection Cancer
Antimycin A2 is a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antimycin A2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transfer between cytochrome b and c. Antimycin A2 has bactericidal and piscicidal activity, as well as tumor cell growth inhibitory effects, and can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Antimycin A2 is suitable for research of cervical cancer and fisheries management. Antimycin A2 can be naturally isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sp. strains .

HY-114936

Piericidin A 5 Publications Verification AR-054	Bacterial ADC Payload Antibiotic Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
Piericidin A (AR-054) is a natural mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitor. Piericidin A is a potent neurotoxin and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by disrupting the electron transport system through its action on NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Piericidin A is also a potential quorum-sensing inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the virulence genes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca). Piericidin A is an ADC cytotoxin and has anti-bacterial, anticancer, insecticidal activity .

HY-N0354

Anthraquinone 3 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Virus Protease	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation and agrochemicals, existing in different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and some animals. Anthraquinone has biological activities: anticancer, antiinflammatory, diuretic, antiarthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial and antioxidant. Anthraquinone also plays an important role in the primary metabolism of plants by acting on the electron transport chain through the inhibition of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. Anthraquinone can intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II (topo II) enzyme, resulting in cell death via Apoptosis .

HY-129430

N-Methylprotoporphyrin IX 1 Publications Verification	Ferrochelatase	Metabolic Disease
N-Methylprotoporphyrin IX is a Ferrochelatase inhibitor with a K_i ^app value of 3 nM. N-methylprotoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester potently inhibits the synthesis of phycocyanin and chlorophyll a. N-Methylprotoporphyrin IX can be used for the research of haem deficiency-associated disorders .

HY-113355

NADH	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-N6715

Tenuazonic acid	Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II	Infection Cancer
Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-126222A

MitoTam iodide, hydriodide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .

HY-B1847

Terbuthylazine 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Herbicide	Others
Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein .

HY-N0111S2

Coenzyme Q10-d9 CoQ10-d₉; Ubiquinone-10-d₉	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-119687

Bifenazate	Environmental Pollutants GABA Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism Insecticide Na+/K+ ATPase	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

HY-B1756R

Rotenone (Standard)	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-B0817

Pyridaben 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Parasite	Infection
Pyridaben is a *mitochondrial electron* transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC₅₀ value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS** function .

HY-W020246

Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide TMTM	Squalene Monooxygenase Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) is an orally active microsomal monooxygenases inhibitor. Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide is used as an accelerator and activator in the processing of natural rubber and butyl rubber. Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide reduces palmitic acid incorporation into microsomal phospholipids, disrupts microsomal membrane integrity, and impairs electron transport during oxygenation. Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide can be used for the research of fungal infection, bacterial infection and allergic contact dermatitis .

HY-125283

IM176OUT05 2-Me-Phen hydrochloride; 2-Me-Phenformin hydrochloride	Mitochondrial Metabolism Oxidative Phosphorylation	Metabolic Disease
IM176OUT05 (2-Me-Phen hydrochloride), a biguanide, is a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor. IM176OUT0 inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity with an IC₅₀ of 3.2 μM. IM176OUT05 activates stem cell metabolism, promotes hair regrowth and increases stemness induction and maintenance during the pluripotent stem cell generation process .

HY-N0111S

Coenzyme Q10-d6 CoQ10-d₆; Ubiquinone-10-d₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10-d₆ is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-158421

MS-L6	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MS-L6 is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can acts as electron transport chain complexes I (ETC-I) combining inhibition of NADH oxidation and uncoupling effect .

HY-17513

Amicarbazone BAY314666; BAY-MKH 3586	Environmental Pollutants Herbicide	Others
Amicarbazone (BAY-MKH3586; BAY314666) acts as a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport by binding to the Qb domain of photosystem II (PSII); it is a herbicide with broad-spectrum weed control activity .

HY-N0111R

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) CoQ10 (Standard); Ubiquinone-10 (Standard); Ubidecarenone (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-B1848

Hexaflumuron	Environmental Pollutants Insecticide	Others
Hexaflumuron is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that inhibits chitin synthesis during insect molting .

HY-W014684

Lilial	Environmental Pollutants Keap1-Nrf2 Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Endocrinology
Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .

HY-B1853

Simetryn	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis ERK Herbicide MEK	Cardiovascular Disease
Simetryn is a triazine herbicide that exerts teratogenicity. Simetryn inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer in the chloroplast photosystem II and activates the MEK/Erk signaling pathway. Simetryn triggers vascular and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish and tadpoles, suppresses proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces malformations. Simetryn serves as a tool to establish a zebrafish model for studying arteriovenous malformations and related pathogenesis. Simetryn controls paddy weeds and can be used for research on developmental and vascular disorders .

HY-126222

MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative , is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells .

HY-120338

RYL-552	Mitochondrial Metabolism Parasite	Infection
RYL-552, a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, is a P. falciparum NADH dehydrogenase 2 (PfNDH2)** inhibtor .

HY-162066

DNDI-6174	Parasite	Infection
DNDI-6174 is an orally active Leishmania cytochrome b (Qi site of cytochrome bc1 complex/complex III) inhibitor. DNDI-6174 binds to the Qi site of Leishmania cytochrome b, inhibits cytochrome bc1 complex activity in the parasite's electron transport chain across promastigote and axenic amastigote stages. DNDI-6174 reduces parasite burden in rodent models, inhibits growth of various Leishmania species, drug-resistant clinical isolates, and Trypanosoma cruzi, with marginal activity against Trypanosoma brucei. DNDI-6174 can be used for the research of visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis .

HY-121242

Buthidazole VEL-5026	Photosystem II	Others
Buthidazole is a selective herbicide for weed control in corn. Buthidazole inhibits photosynthetic electron transport at two distinct sites in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The major site of inhibition was on the reducing side of photosystem II. Another site of electron transport inhibition is on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. Buthidazole inhibits corn photosynthesis and prevents starch accumulation in bundle sheath chloroplasts and some ultrastructural disruption of mesophyl chloroplasts of corn plants .

HY-W653921

Tenuazonic acid-d13	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Enterovirus Photosystem II Influenza Virus Bacterial	Infection Cancer
Tenuazonic acid-d₁₃ is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-W725574

Dimidazon BAS 29095	Photosystem II	Others
Dimidazon (BAS 29095) is a weak electron transport inhibitor targeting photosystem II (PSII). Dimidazon inhibits electron transfer from the primary electron acceptor Q in PSII to photosystem I. Dimidazon is promising for research of photosynthesis regulation and weed control .

HY-101415R

Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) Ubiquinone Q9 (Standard); CoQ9 (Standard); Ubiquinone 9 (Standard)	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q9. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-N11913

Siderin	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Siderin is a selective Photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. Siderin inhibits ATP synthesis by blocking electron transport at the donor and acceptor sides of PSII Siderin can be used in the study of plant photosynthesis .

HY-N9610

Coenzyme Q6 Ubiquinone 30	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30) is an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid. Coenzyme Q6 exhibits functions in respiratory electron transport and as a lipid antioxidant. Coenzyme Q6 also has antioxidant effects, which can prevent the production of free radicals and oxidative damage .

HY-178749

MS6076	ClpP Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Caspase PARP	Cancer
MS6076 is a mitochondrial protease ClpP agonist. MS6076 specifically activates the ClpP protease in the mitochondrial matrix, significantly disrupting mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) function by accelerating the degradation of unfolded proteins. MS6076 exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines. MS6076 induces cell apoptosis, increasing cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. MS6076 can be used for the research of breast cancer .

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28 1 Publications Verification	Isotope-Labeled Compounds ATP Synthase	Cancer
Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-W014684R

Lilial (Standard)	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Endocrinology
Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .

HY-N6715R

Tenuazonic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II	Infection Cancer
Tenuazonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenuazonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-126222B

(E/Z)-MitoTam iodide, hydriodide MitoTax iodide, hydriodide	Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Cancer
(E/Z)-MitoTam (iodide, hydriodide) (MitoTam (iodide, hydriodide)) is the E/Z mixture of MitoTam iodide, hydriodide. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .

HY-121214

Amisulbrom	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
Amisulbrom is a sulfonamide fungicide used to control oomycete diseases. Amisulbrom inhibits the cytochrome-bc1 complex of the mitochondrial electron transport system.

HY-174393

Gamhepathiopine	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Gamhepathiopine is a thienopyrimidinone compound. Gamhepathiopine exerts antimalarial effects by targeting the Q_o site of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b and inhibiting the activity of complex III in the electron transport chain .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-125857

Cytochrome C 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Cytochrome C is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. Cytochrome C is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis .

HY-D0937

Methoxy-PMS 5+ Cited Publications 1-Methoxy PMS; 1-Methoxyphenazine methosulfate	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS), an active oxygen formation inducer, is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes .

HY-125857A

Cytochrome C (equine heart)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Cytochrome C (equine heart) is composed of 104 amino acids and is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein. Cytochrome C (equine heart) is involved in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis. Cytochrome C (equine heart) can act as a single electron carrier .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P11475

DD-S067	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection
DD-S067 is an antibacterial peptide. DD-S067 exhibits multiple antibacterial mechanisms, including disrupting both the outer and inner bacterial membranes, and inducing ROS that trigger lipid peroxidation. DD-S067 inhibits the electron transport chain. DD-S067 demonstrates potent antibacterial activity, achieving a GM value of 4.1 μM against 27 MDR bacteria. DD-S067 exhibits significant protective effects in a CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B1756

Rotenone Maximum Cited Publications 178 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Derris trifoliata Lour. Plants Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Cancer Agricultural Research	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy
Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 100+ Cited Publications	Infection Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N0111

Coenzyme Q10 10+ Cited Publications CoQ10; Ubiquinone-10; Ubidecarenone	Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Quinones Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-112177

Myxothiazol	Infection Microorganisms Antifungal Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Antibiotic
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml .

HY-101415

Coenzyme Q9 1 Publications Verification Ubiquinone Q9; CoQ9; Ubiquinone 9	Cardiovascular Disease Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-Y0488A

Formic acid ammonium 2 Publications Verification Ammonium formate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Calcium Channel NO Synthase Bacterial ATP Synthase
Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed .

HY-N2024A

Maltose monohydrate 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Polysaccharides other families Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Glycosidase
Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders .

HY-130055

HQNO 2 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a K_d of 64 nM for complex III . HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species .

HY-N12257

Antimycin A2 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Source Classification	Cytochrome P450 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Antimycin A2 is a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antimycin A2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transfer between cytochrome b and c. Antimycin A2 has bactericidal and piscicidal activity, as well as tumor cell growth inhibitory effects, and can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Antimycin A2 is suitable for research of cervical cancer and fisheries management. Antimycin A2 can be naturally isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sp. strains .

HY-114936

Piericidin A 5 Publications Verification AR-054	Infection Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Anti-parasitic Antibacterial Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Bacterial ADC Payload Antibiotic Mitochondrial Metabolism
Piericidin A (AR-054) is a natural mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitor. Piericidin A is a potent neurotoxin and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by disrupting the electron transport system through its action on NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Piericidin A is also a potential quorum-sensing inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the virulence genes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca). Piericidin A is an ADC cytotoxin and has anti-bacterial, anticancer, insecticidal activity .

HY-N0354

Anthraquinone 3 Publications Verification	Seeds of Cassia tora Linn. Quinones Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Anthraquinones Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Virus Protease
Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation and agrochemicals, existing in different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and some animals. Anthraquinone has biological activities: anticancer, antiinflammatory, diuretic, antiarthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial and antioxidant. Anthraquinone also plays an important role in the primary metabolism of plants by acting on the electron transport chain through the inhibition of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. Anthraquinone can intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II (topo II) enzyme, resulting in cell death via Apoptosis .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-N6715

Tenuazonic acid	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Source Classification Agricultural Research	Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II
Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-B1756R

Rotenone (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Leguminosae Derris trifoliata Lour. Plants	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Apoptosis
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N0111R

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) CoQ10 (Standard); Ubiquinone-10 (Standard); Ubidecarenone (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-101415R

Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) Ubiquinone Q9 (Standard); CoQ9 (Standard); Ubiquinone 9 (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q9. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-N11913

Siderin	Structural Classification Coumarins Toona ciliata Roem. Phenylpropanoids Plants Meliaceae Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Siderin is a selective Photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. Siderin inhibits ATP synthesis by blocking electron transport at the donor and acceptor sides of PSII Siderin can be used in the study of plant photosynthesis .

HY-N9610

Coenzyme Q6 Ubiquinone 30	Quinones Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30) is an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid. Coenzyme Q6 exhibits functions in respiratory electron transport and as a lipid antioxidant. Coenzyme Q6 also has antioxidant effects, which can prevent the production of free radicals and oxidative damage .

HY-N6715R

Tenuazonic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Reference Standards Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II
Tenuazonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenuazonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-N10094

Maculosidine	Alkaloids Rutaceae Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Source Classification Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl.	Others
Maculosidine is a furoquinoline alkaloid that can be isolated from Balfourodendron riedelianum. Maculosidine inhibits ATP synthesis, basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled electron transport in plants. Maculosidine inhibits Hill reaction on spinach chloroplasts .

HY-130055R

HQNO (Standard)	Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism
HQNO (Standard) is the analytical standard of HQNO. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a Kd of 64 nM for complex III[1]. HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species[2].

HY-N1839

3-Hydroxybakuchiol	Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification Otholobium mexicanum (L.f.) J.W.Grimes	Apoptosis Glycosidase
3-Hydroxybakuchiol can be isolated from Otholobium mexicanum J. W. Grimes. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol has antitumor activity, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol also has moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC₅₀: 345 μM) .

HY-N12887

Mycothiazole	Natural Products Marine natural products Sponge Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC₅₀ is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans .

HY-Y0488AR

Formic acid ammonium (Standard) Ammonium formate (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards NO Synthase Calcium Channel Bacterial ATP Synthase
Formic acid ammonium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Formic acid ammonium. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed.

HY-N17574

3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)xanthyletin	Structural Classification Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. ex Meisn. Rutaceae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Source Classification
3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin (compound 2) is a pyranocoumarin present in the roots of Stauranthus perforatus. 3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin inhibits the uncoupled electron transport from water to ferricyanide in spinach thylakoids. 3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin act as a Hill reaction inhibitor. 3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin interferes with plant energy metabolism at the photosynthetic level .

HY-W099725

Sarmentine	Piper longum Linn. Structural Classification Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Piperaceae Plants Source Classification	Herbicide Photosystem II
Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM and a K_i of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC₅₀ of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC₅₀ of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the Q_B binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC₅₀ of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities .

HY-N12630

Mycosporine glycine Mycosporine-Gly	Structural Classification Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism Bacterial
Mycosporine glycine (Mycosporine-Gly) is a potent singlet oxygen quencher. Mycosporine glycine can effectively suppress various detrimental effects of the Type-II photosensitization in biological systems, such as inactivation of mitochondrial electron transport, lipid peroxidation of microsomes, hemolysis of erythrocytes and growth inhibition of E.coli. Mycosporine glycine can be used for protecting marine organisms against sunlight damage .

HY-150033

Sorgoleone	Quinones Structural Classification Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench Gramineae Benzene Quinones Plants Source Classification	Photosystem II Herbicide
Sorgoleone is a photosystem II inhibitor found in sorghum. Sorgoleone binds to the Q_B niche of the D1 protein, inhibits photosynthetic electron transport, and does not affect photosystem I reactions. Sorgoleone reduces radicle elongation and stunts growth. Sorgoleone inhibits CO₂-dependent oxygen evolution, photosynthetic O₂ evolution, and mitochondrial respiration. Sorgoleone can be used as a herbicide .

HY-114625

Amquinate	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism
Amquinate is a coccidiostat and a cytochrome b inhibitor. Amquinate blocks cytochrome-mediated electron transport near cytochrome b in mitochondria, acting downstream of coenzyme Q without affecting succinate dehydrogenase or NADH dehydrogenase. Amquinate inhibits succinate- and malate plus pyruvate-supported mitochondrial respiration in Eimeria tenella and does not affect L-ascorbate-supported respiration or any mitochondrial respiration in chicken liver mitochondria. Amquinate exhibits selective anticoccidial activity against wild-type Eimeria tenella. Amquinate can be used for the research of coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella infection) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-N0111S2

Coenzyme Q10-d9
Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-N0111S

Coenzyme Q10-d6
Coenzyme Q10-d₆ is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-W653921

Tenuazonic acid-d13

Tenuazonic acid-d₁₃ is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28

1 Publications Verification

Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-B1756S

Rotenone-d3
Rotenone-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6715S

Tenuazonic acid-13C10

Tenuazonic acid- ¹³C₁₀ is ¹³C labeled Tenuazonic acid (HY-N6715). Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-B1847S1

Terbuthylazine-d5
Terbuthylazine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847) . Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.

HY-W725476

Bifenazate-d5
Bifenazate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Bifenazate (HY-119687). Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

HY-B0817S

Pyridaben-d13

Pyridaben-d₁₃ is the deuterium labeled Pyridaben . Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC₅₀ value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS function .

HY-W778649

Sarmentine-d8

Sarmentine-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Sarmentine. Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM and a K_i of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC₅₀ of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC₅₀ of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the Q_B binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC₅₀ of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities .

HY-B1847S

Terbuthylazine-d9
Terbuthylazine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847). Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-177806

FMN aptamer sodium		Aptamers
FMN aptamer sodium is a 77mer-RNA aptamer that targets FMN (flavin mononucleotide). FMN is a riboflavin derivative acting as a cofactor for enzymes, and is a component of the mitochondrial electron transport system.

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