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Naph-EA-mal (Thiol-green 1) is a rapid detect and ultrafast turn-on thiol fluorescence probe for protein labeling and bioimaging. Naph-EA-mal (Thiol-green 1) can be used to detect thiols in living cells, label the protein thiols, quantify the concentration of total thiols in cell lysate, and determine the reversible protein thiols oxidation in fixed cells . Ex: 488 nM; Em: 540 nM.
BODIPY-TS (Thiol-green 2) is a fast response and thiol-specific turn-on probe. BODIPY-TS utilizes the thiosulfonate scaffold as a thiol recognition unit. BODIPY-TS has low toxicity, and features high selectivity, low detection limit, and quantitative reaction to thiols . Ex: 490 nM; Em: 515 nM.
DSPE-Thiol is a phophalipid capped with thiol group. The thiol capped head can selectively react with maleimide. DSPE-Thiol can also be used for the preparation of phospholipid dimers .
NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate has both absorption and emission in the NIR region. NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate responds to thiol with a large turn-on NIR fluorescence signal upon excitation in the NIR region. NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate is capable of imaging endogenously produced thiol in living cells and mice .
Cysteine Thiol Probe is a thiol-based probe designed to label electrophilic natural products. Cysteine Thiol Probe possesses each of the characteristics of an ideal pharmacophore probe, and has a chromophore. Cysteine Thiol Probe is capable of engaging enone-, β-lactam-, and β-lactone-based electrophilic metabolites .
Propargyl-PEG4-thiol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. Propargyl-PEG4-thiol is a non-cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) . Propargyl-PEG4-thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Amifostine thiol (WR-1065) is an active metabolite of the cytoprotector Amifostine (HY-B0639). Amifostine thiol is a cytoprotective agent with radioprotective abilities. Amifostine thiol activates p53 through a JNK-dependent signaling pathway .
Azido-PEG4-Thiol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs . Azido-PEG4-Thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Biotin-PEG-Thiol (MW 2000) is an active compound. Biotin-PEG-Thiol (MW 2000) is pegylated by binding to streptavidin or antibiotin with high affinity and specificity. Biotin-PEG-Thiol (MW 2000) can modify biomolecules, proteins, peptides and other small molecule materials. Biotin-PEG-Thiol (MW 2000) is widely used in the research of agent release and nano new materials .
DOTA-Thiolis a bifunctional chelator (Bifunctional Chelator; BFC) and a macrocyclic DOTA derivative used for tumor pre-targeting. DOTA-Thiol can be used for conjugation of peptides and radionuclides.
Amifostine thiol (WR-1065) dihydrochloride can protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of certain cancer agents and activate p53 through a JNK-dependent signaling pathway.
N,N-Bis(PEG2-alkyne)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) . N,N-Bis(PEG2-alkyne)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
SEluc-2 is a small-molecule probe based on the firefly luciferin. SEluc-2, a bioluminescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of thiols in living cells .
N,N-Bis(PEG2-N3)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) . N,N-Bis(PEG2-N3)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Thiofluor 623 (Compound 3) is a fluorescent turn-on probe that can be used for the selective sensing and bioimaging of thiols. Thiofluor 623 displays excellent immunity to interference from nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles. Thiofluor 623 is essentially nonfluorescent in the absence of thiols, which cleave the probe and release the red-emissive donor-acceptor fluorophore (Ex=563 nm, Em=623 nm) .
N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is a maleimide type fluorescent thiol reagent. N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide shows no substantial fluorescence but its coupling products with thiol compounds exhibit strong blue fluorescence. N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is used for fluorometrical analysis of cysteine and glutathione .
N-(4-Anilino-1-naphthyl)maleimide is a fluorescent probe that can be used to detect thiol groups in proteins. N-(4-Anilino-1-naphthyl)maleimide reacts with thiol groups and immediately produces a stable fluorescent compound with the λex=355 nm, λem=448 nm .
S-Hexylglutathione is an S-substituted glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group. S-Hexylglutathione is also an competitive inhibitor against glutathione-S-transferase. S-Hexylglutathione can be used as an affinity chromatographic ligand for glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase .
Biotin-PEG7-Maleimide is a biotinylation reagent that reacts with thiol groups (SH). Biotin-PEG7-Maleimide can be used as Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADCs .
N-(3-Fluoranthyl)maleimide is a thiol fluorescent probe with a lifetime of 20 nsec. N-(3-Fluoranthyl)maleimide has a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and can be used to study the time-dependent processes of biopolymers .
DCI-Br-3 is a rapid, highly sensitive, and selective probe to monitor thiols in the epileptic brain. (λex=537 nm, λem=675 nm).DCI-Br-3 can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
BDP 581/591 maleimide is a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye. It has a long fluorescence lifetime and can be used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 to 7.5, for the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 1000) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 3400) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 750) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 550) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 350) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
4-(Aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (ABD-F) is a fluorescent reagent for the sensitive and specific detection of thiols. 4-(Aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole has low fluorescence background, and good stability of fluorophor .
2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid (NTCB) is a highly reactive reagent that transfers its cyano group rapidly to a nucleophilic thiolate. 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid has been proposed as a reagent for converting thiol groups in proteins into their S-cyano derivatives .
DSPE-MAL is a thiol reactive a phospholipid compound. DSPE-MAL has two saturated fatty acids and can self-assemble in water to form lipid bilayer. DSPE-MAL can be used to prepare liposomes as agent nanocarrier .
Picoplatin (AMD473) is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent. Picoplatin is specifically to circumvent thiol-mediated drug resistance by sterically hindering its reaction with glutathione (GSH) while still retaining the ability to form cytotoxic lesions with DNA .
LEI110 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable pan-inhibitor of the HRASLS family of thiol hydrolases. LEI110 inhibits PLA2G16, HRASLS2, RARRES3 and iNAT, with pIC50 values of 7.0, 6.8, 6.8, and 7.6, respectively. LEI110 reduces cellular arachidonic acid levels and oleic acid-induced lipolysis in HepG2 cells .
FM-red (PSH-red) is a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe for selectively detecting and labeling protein thiols. FM-red can be used to image protein sulfhydryl groups in live cells and in vivo. FM-red also could be used to measure of the redox states of thioredoxin (Trx) .
VH032-thiol-C6-NH2 (VHL Ligand-Linker Conjugates 14) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the VH032 based VHL ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
MSBN is a highly selective fluorogenic probe for thiols. MSBN can be used to image thiols in live cells selectively and specifically label protein thiols with a signal to determine various reversible protein thiol modifications .
SA09-Cu is a noncompetitive and potent NDM-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.6 nM. SA09-Cu can convert NDM-1 into an inactive state by oxidizing the Zn(II)-thiolate site of the enzyme and avoids to be reduced by intracellular thiols of bacteria. SA09-Cu exhibits excellent inhibition against a series of clinical NDM-1-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in restoring the Meropenem (HY-13678) effect, and slows down the development of carbapenem resistance .
Bromobimane (Monobromobimane) is a nonfluorescent and converts into fluorescent products when reacts with thiols. Bromobimane has potential applications in labeling thiols .
RT-AM is a pro-agent real thiol. Real Thiol is a reversible reaction-based fluorescent probe which can quantitatively monitor the real-time glutathione dynamics in living cells.
RT-NH2 is a RealThiol prototype without the carboxylic acid groups. RT-NH2 is fairly hydrophobic and cannot distribute in the nucleus, which is a hallmark of protein binding for fluorescent probe.
Arachidonoyl coenzyme A lithium is an unsaturated fatty acyl coenzyme A, formed by the condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxyl group of arachidonic acid .
BDP R6G maleimide is a borodipyrromethane fluorophore with absorption and emission wavelengths similar to those of R6G rhodamine. Sulfhydryl labelling is a common protein modification where the cysteine residues in the protein allow more site-specific labelling than the NHS ester of the amine group. BDP R6G maleimide is a thiol reactive dye that reacts with thiol groups to form thioester bonds .
PE-VF594 Maleimide is a double-dye dye that can undergo thiol reaction. It contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. PE-VF594 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 617 nm.
PE-VF647 Maleimide is a double-dye dye that can undergo thiol reaction. It contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. PE-VF647 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 665 nm.
TCEP hydrochloride (Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride) is a non-thiol reducing agent that is more stable and produces a faster S-S reductive reaction than other chemical reductants. TCEP hydrochloride is a trialkylphosphine, selectively reduces protein disuldes without altering the properties or interacting with thiol-directed agents in the reaction mixture. TCEP hydrochloride is also a commonly used reducing agent in the DNA/AuNP chemistry .
NTPAN-MI is a fluorescent probe. NTPAN-MI is selectively activated upon labeling unfolded proteins with exposed thiols, thereby reporting on the extent of proteostasis .
PE-VF750 Maleimide is a thiol-reactive double-dye dye that contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. Ex/Em=495-566/777 nm. PE-VF750 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 777 nm.
DM3 (Maytansinoid DM3) is a maytansine analog bearing disulfide or thiol groups and a tubulin inhibitor, and is a cytotoxic moiety of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .
N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway .
ODIPY Green 8-P2M is a novel thiol-reactive fluorescence probe based on the BODIPY fluorophore, the fluorescence is strongly quenched by d-PeT and then can be restored after reaction with thiol, resulting in an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio. ODIPY Green 8-P2M can be useful for detecting extremely low concentrations of protein in the gel after SDS-PAGE .
PE-VF680 Maleimide is a double-dye dye that can undergo thiol reaction. It contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. Ex/Em=495-566/701 nm. PE-VF680 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 701 nm.
Clopidogrel thiolactone is an important intermediate in the metabolism of clopidogrel (HY-15283). Clopidogrel thiolactone has antiplatelet aggregatione effects. Clopidogrel is a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor that exerts antiplatelet effects .
L-Cystine-d4 is the deuterium labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.
QM295 is an endoplasmic reticulum oxidation 1 (ERO1) inhibitor with selectively reversible thiol reactivity. QM295 can be used for the research of endoplasmic reticulum stress .
(S)-L-Cystine- 15N2 is the 15N-labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.
L-Cystine- 34S2 is the 34S-labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.
mPEG-Mal (MW 350) is a PEG derivative used for thiol PEGylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
mPEG-Mal (MW 750) is a PEG derivative used for thiol pegylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
mPEG-Mal (MW 3400) is a PEG derivative used for thiol pegylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
TCEP-d16 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled TCEP hydrochloride[1]. TCEP hydrochloride (Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride) is a non-thiol reducing agent that is more stable and produces a faster S-S reductive reaction than other chemical reductants. TCEP hydrochloride is a trialkylphosphine, selectively reduces protein disuldes without altering the properties or interacting with thiol-directed agents in the reaction mixture. TCEP hydrochloride is also a commonly used reducing agent in the DNA/AuNP chemistry[2][3][4][5].
BDP FL maleimide is a thiol-reactive dye (Ex: 503 nm; Em: 509 nm). BDP FL maleimide can be used for protein labeling, peptide modification, and can replace fluorescein (FAM) for microscopy .
R-138727, the thiol-containing active metabolite of Prasugrel, is an irreversible platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. R-138727 inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation .
Diethyl maleate is a maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. Diethyl maleate (DEM), a thiol-reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, depletes glutathione (GSH) in exposed cells .
Biotin-PEAC5-maleimide hydrochloride is a biochemical assay reagent, and can be used in biotin-PEAC5-maleimide (BPM)-labeling assay to assess modification of protein thiols by electrophiles .
Maleimide can be used for production of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) which is used in cancer research. Maleimide also be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
5-IAF (5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein) is an idoacetamide derivate of fluoresceine. 5-IAF can be used as fluorescent probe that labels proteins and other molecules having free thiols (cysteine side chains) .
N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA), a protein modification agent, introduces thiol-groups into protein molecules. N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate adds sulfhydryl groups to proteins and other amine-containing molecules in a protected form .
PMX464 (AW 464), a thiol-reactive quinol, is the inhibitor of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) system. PMX464 can inhibit NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory activation of human type II alveolar epithelial cells .
7-Fluorobenzofurazan-4-sulfonic acid ammonium is a fluorescent label. 7-Fluorobenzofurazan-4-sulfonic acid ammonium can be used for detecting dissolved thiol-disulfide (e.g., Cys, GSH) .
L-Cystine-3,3'- 13C2 is the 13C labeled L-Cystine[1]. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes[2].
Mal-NH-PEG-NH2 (TFA) (MW 2000) is a PEG derivative that may be used for thiol PEGylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
5MP-Fluorescein (compound 3e) is a fluorescein dye base on 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP).5-Methylene pyrrolones are highly thiol-specific and tracelessly removable bioconjugation tools .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Captopril EP Impurity B is an impurity of Captopril. Captopril (SQ-14534), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) .
Captopril EP Impurity E is an impurity of Captopril. Captopril (SQ-14534), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) .
Captopril EP Impurity C is an impurity of Captopril. Captopril (SQ-14534), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) .
Captopril EP Impurity D is an impurity of Captopril. Captopril (SQ-14534), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) .
Captopril EP Impurity J is an impurity of Captopril. Captopril (SQ-14534), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) .
BODIPY FL L-Cystine is a thiol-reactive, green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL L-Cystine can be the labeling of membrane proteins, proteins with hydrophobic binding sites, or hydrophobic ligands. (λex=504 nm, λem=511 nm) .
DSPE-PEG-SH, MW 2000 is a pegylated phospholipid with thiol group which is reactive with maleimide to form a covalent thioether linkage. The amphiphatic polymer can form lipid bilayer in aqueous solution and be used to encapsulate agents for drug delivery system, such as mRNA vaccine.
N-[4-(2-Benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide is a potent fluorescent probe with excitation maximum of 315 nm and emission maximum of 360 nm. N-[4-(2-Benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide can be used for fluorometry of thiol compounds .
Tetramethylrhodamine-5-iodoacetamide (5-TMRIA) is a thiol-selective reactive dye that is used to non-specifically label proteins via the cysteine residues. Tetramethylrhodamine-5-iodoacetamide (5-TMRIA) can be used to covalently label DNA fragments .
L-Biotin-NH-5MP is a biotin-conjugated 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation .
L-Biotin-NH-5MP-Br is a biotin-conjugated 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation .
AF 430 maleimide is a derivative of the yellow fluorescent dye AF 430. AF430 has an excitation wavelength of 430 nm and an emission wavelength of 542 nm. AF 430 maleimide contains maleimide groups that react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. To achieve specific coupling of dye labels and biomolecules.
DBCO-PEG24-Maleimide contains a maleimide and a DBCO group. DBCO-PEG24-Maleimide can be used for thiol-containing biomolecule conjugations. DBCO-PEG24-Maleimide can be used in click chemistry with azide-bearing biomolecules .
Amifostine (WR2721) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent and a radioprotector. Amifostine selectively protects normal tissues from damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Amifostine is potent hypoxia-inducible factor-α1 (HIF-α1) and p53 inducer. Amifostine protects cells from damage by scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Amifostine reduces renal toxicity and has antiangiogenic action .
Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is the constituent of the biocide Kathon CG. Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is an isothiazolone derivative widely used as a preservative. Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is also a moderate sensitizer and reacts with GSH .
Amifostine trihydrate (WR2721 trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent and a radioprotector. Amifostine trihydrate selectively protects normal tissues from damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Amifostine trihydrate is potent hypoxia-inducible factor-α1 (HIF-α1) and p53 inducer. Amifostine trihydrate protects cells from damage by scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Amifostine trihydrate reduces renal toxicity and has antiangiogenic action .
Cystamine is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-binding domain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG7-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG7-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
PK11007 is a mild thiol alkylator with anticancer activity. PK11007 stabilizes p53 via selective alkylation of two surface-exposed cysteines without compromising its DNA binding activity. PK11007 induces mutant p53 cancer cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels .
3-HTC is a chemical fluorescent probe. 3-HTC reacts reversibly with thiols and disulfides, and can be used to measure dynamic GSH/GSSH ratios in vitro as well as to monitor the reversible redox status of whole cell lysates (λmax: 448 nm in its reduced thiolate form, and a λmax 370-410 nm for the oxidized mixed disulfide) .
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, an antimicrobial compound, is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, including yeast. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane inhibits enzyme activity and subsequent inhibition of microbial growth by the oxidation of essential protein thiol .
Cystamine-d8 (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Cystamine (dihydrochloride)[1]. Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD)[2][3][4].
Captopril (SQ 14225), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) and has been widely used for research of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril is also a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.9 μM .
TPE-MI (Tetraphenylethene maleimide) is a thiol probe for measuring unfolded protein load and proteostasis in cells. TPE-MI can report imbalances in proteostasis in induced pluripotent stem cell models of Huntington disease, as well as cells transfected with mutant Huntington exon 1 before the formation of visible aggregates. TPE-MI also detects protein damage following dihydroartemisinin research of the malaria parasitesPlasmodium falciparum .
Captopril (SQ 14225) hydrochloride, antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) and has been widely used for research of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril hydrochloride is also a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.9 μM .
5MP-Propargyl is the derivative of 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation . 5MP-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Br-5MP-Propargyl is the derivative of 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation . Br-5MP-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Captopril-d3 is deuterium labeled Captopril. Captopril (SQ 14225), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) and has been widely used for research of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril is also a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.9 μM[1][2][3].
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is a substrate of many phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2. Cleavage of sn-2 fatty acids by PLA2 results in the production of free thiols, which react with chromogenic reagents such as DTNB (Ellman's reagent) and DTP, allowing quantification of PLA2 activity. Isozyme-specific cPLA2 activity can be measured by depleting or inhibiting sPLA2 and iPLA2 activity in the assay.
Janelia Fluor 669, SE (JF669, SE), a red fluorescent dye, can be directly reacted with the available thiol-containing HaloTag ligand under mild conditions (DIEA, DMF) to afford a JF669HaloTag ligand in a single step (Ex = 669 nm; Em = 682 nm) . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
CPT-Se3, a selenoproagent of Camptothecin (CPT), shows improved potency in killing cancer cells and inhibiting tumor growth. CPT–Se3 decreases the GSH/GSSG ratio and total thiols, elevates the ROS level in Hep G2 cells, and eventually induces apoptosis of cancer cells. CPT-Se3 shows cytotoxicity against HeLa, Hep G2, A549, and SMMC-7721 cells (IC50= 2.19-4.7 μM) .
CPT-Se4, a selenoproagent of Camptothecin (CPT), shows improved potency in killing cancer cells and inhibiting tumor growth. CPT-Se4 decreases the GSH/GSSG ratio and total thiols, elevates the ROS level in Hep G2 cells, and eventually induces apoptosis of cancer cells. CPT-Se4 shows cytotoxicity against HeLa, Hep G2, A549, and SMMC-7721 cells (IC50= 2.54-6.4 μM) .
Cy3 maleimide chloride is a dye derivative of Cyanine 3 (Cy3) (HY-D0822) containing maleimide functional groups. Cy3 is a fluorescent dye with a fluorescence spectrum typically in the green to orange wavelength range. The alkyne functional group of Cy3 maleimide chloride can undergo a "thiol-acrylamide" reaction with molecules containing sulfur-oxygen functional groups to form covalent bonds. Cy3 maleimide chloride can bind to biological molecules such as proteins and antibodies to track their location and dynamic changes in biological samples.
1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride is a fluorinated organic compound that belongs to the class of benzoyl chlorides. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent smell and is mainly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and pesticide compounds. 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride is an acylating agent that can react with a variety of nucleophiles, including amines, alcohols, and thiols, to form amides, esters, or thioesters, respectively. Its unique fluorine-containing structure can impart desired properties to target molecules, such as increased lipophilicity or increased stability against metabolic degradation. However, due to its high reactivity and potential health hazards, proper safety measures and handling procedures must be followed when using this compound.
Naph-EA-mal (Thiol-green 1) is a rapid detect and ultrafast turn-on thiol fluorescence probe for protein labeling and bioimaging. Naph-EA-mal (Thiol-green 1) can be used to detect thiols in living cells, label the protein thiols, quantify the concentration of total thiols in cell lysate, and determine the reversible protein thiols oxidation in fixed cells . Ex: 488 nM; Em: 540 nM.
BODIPY-TS (Thiol-green 2) is a fast response and thiol-specific turn-on probe. BODIPY-TS utilizes the thiosulfonate scaffold as a thiol recognition unit. BODIPY-TS has low toxicity, and features high selectivity, low detection limit, and quantitative reaction to thiols . Ex: 490 nM; Em: 515 nM.
NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate has both absorption and emission in the NIR region. NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate responds to thiol with a large turn-on NIR fluorescence signal upon excitation in the NIR region. NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate is capable of imaging endogenously produced thiol in living cells and mice .
SEluc-2 is a small-molecule probe based on the firefly luciferin. SEluc-2, a bioluminescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of thiols in living cells .
Thiofluor 623 (Compound 3) is a fluorescent turn-on probe that can be used for the selective sensing and bioimaging of thiols. Thiofluor 623 displays excellent immunity to interference from nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles. Thiofluor 623 is essentially nonfluorescent in the absence of thiols, which cleave the probe and release the red-emissive donor-acceptor fluorophore (Ex=563 nm, Em=623 nm) .
N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is a maleimide type fluorescent thiol reagent. N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide shows no substantial fluorescence but its coupling products with thiol compounds exhibit strong blue fluorescence. N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is used for fluorometrical analysis of cysteine and glutathione .
N-(4-Anilino-1-naphthyl)maleimide is a fluorescent probe that can be used to detect thiol groups in proteins. N-(4-Anilino-1-naphthyl)maleimide reacts with thiol groups and immediately produces a stable fluorescent compound with the λex=355 nm, λem=448 nm .
N-(3-Fluoranthyl)maleimide is a thiol fluorescent probe with a lifetime of 20 nsec. N-(3-Fluoranthyl)maleimide has a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and can be used to study the time-dependent processes of biopolymers .
DCI-Br-3 is a rapid, highly sensitive, and selective probe to monitor thiols in the epileptic brain. (λex=537 nm, λem=675 nm).DCI-Br-3 can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
BDP 581/591 maleimide is a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye. It has a long fluorescence lifetime and can be used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 to 7.5, for the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
4-(Aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (ABD-F) is a fluorescent reagent for the sensitive and specific detection of thiols. 4-(Aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole has low fluorescence background, and good stability of fluorophor .
FM-red (PSH-red) is a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe for selectively detecting and labeling protein thiols. FM-red can be used to image protein sulfhydryl groups in live cells and in vivo. FM-red also could be used to measure of the redox states of thioredoxin (Trx) .
Bromobimane (Monobromobimane) is a nonfluorescent and converts into fluorescent products when reacts with thiols. Bromobimane has potential applications in labeling thiols .
RT-NH2 is a RealThiol prototype without the carboxylic acid groups. RT-NH2 is fairly hydrophobic and cannot distribute in the nucleus, which is a hallmark of protein binding for fluorescent probe.
BDP R6G maleimide is a borodipyrromethane fluorophore with absorption and emission wavelengths similar to those of R6G rhodamine. Sulfhydryl labelling is a common protein modification where the cysteine residues in the protein allow more site-specific labelling than the NHS ester of the amine group. BDP R6G maleimide is a thiol reactive dye that reacts with thiol groups to form thioester bonds .
PE-VF594 Maleimide is a double-dye dye that can undergo thiol reaction. It contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. PE-VF594 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 617 nm.
PE-VF647 Maleimide is a double-dye dye that can undergo thiol reaction. It contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. PE-VF647 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 665 nm.
NTPAN-MI is a fluorescent probe. NTPAN-MI is selectively activated upon labeling unfolded proteins with exposed thiols, thereby reporting on the extent of proteostasis .
PE-VF750 Maleimide is a thiol-reactive double-dye dye that contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. Ex/Em=495-566/777 nm. PE-VF750 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 777 nm.
PE-VF680 Maleimide is a double-dye dye that can undergo thiol reaction. It contains maleimide groups that can react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. Ex/Em=495-566/701 nm. PE-VF680 Maleimide contains two dyes, PE and VF, with excitation wavelengths (Ex) of 495 nm and 566 nm, respectively. PE-VF594 Maleimide has an emission wavelength (Em) of 701 nm.
BDP FL maleimide is a thiol-reactive dye (Ex: 503 nm; Em: 509 nm). BDP FL maleimide can be used for protein labeling, peptide modification, and can replace fluorescein (FAM) for microscopy .
5-IAF (5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein) is an idoacetamide derivate of fluoresceine. 5-IAF can be used as fluorescent probe that labels proteins and other molecules having free thiols (cysteine side chains) .
7-Fluorobenzofurazan-4-sulfonic acid ammonium is a fluorescent label. 7-Fluorobenzofurazan-4-sulfonic acid ammonium can be used for detecting dissolved thiol-disulfide (e.g., Cys, GSH) .
5MP-Fluorescein (compound 3e) is a fluorescein dye base on 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP).5-Methylene pyrrolones are highly thiol-specific and tracelessly removable bioconjugation tools .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
BODIPY FL L-Cystine is a thiol-reactive, green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL L-Cystine can be the labeling of membrane proteins, proteins with hydrophobic binding sites, or hydrophobic ligands. (λex=504 nm, λem=511 nm) .
Tetramethylrhodamine-5-iodoacetamide (5-TMRIA) is a thiol-selective reactive dye that is used to non-specifically label proteins via the cysteine residues. Tetramethylrhodamine-5-iodoacetamide (5-TMRIA) can be used to covalently label DNA fragments .
L-Biotin-NH-5MP is a biotin-conjugated 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation .
L-Biotin-NH-5MP-Br is a biotin-conjugated 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation .
AF 430 maleimide is a derivative of the yellow fluorescent dye AF 430. AF430 has an excitation wavelength of 430 nm and an emission wavelength of 542 nm. AF 430 maleimide contains maleimide groups that react with thiol groups to form covalent bonds. To achieve specific coupling of dye labels and biomolecules.
3-HTC is a chemical fluorescent probe. 3-HTC reacts reversibly with thiols and disulfides, and can be used to measure dynamic GSH/GSSH ratios in vitro as well as to monitor the reversible redox status of whole cell lysates (λmax: 448 nm in its reduced thiolate form, and a λmax 370-410 nm for the oxidized mixed disulfide) .
TPE-MI (Tetraphenylethene maleimide) is a thiol probe for measuring unfolded protein load and proteostasis in cells. TPE-MI can report imbalances in proteostasis in induced pluripotent stem cell models of Huntington disease, as well as cells transfected with mutant Huntington exon 1 before the formation of visible aggregates. TPE-MI also detects protein damage following dihydroartemisinin research of the malaria parasitesPlasmodium falciparum .
5MP-Propargyl is the derivative of 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation . 5MP-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Br-5MP-Propargyl is the derivative of 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation . Br-5MP-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Janelia Fluor 669, SE (JF669, SE), a red fluorescent dye, can be directly reacted with the available thiol-containing HaloTag ligand under mild conditions (DIEA, DMF) to afford a JF669HaloTag ligand in a single step (Ex = 669 nm; Em = 682 nm) . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Cy3 maleimide chloride is a dye derivative of Cyanine 3 (Cy3) (HY-D0822) containing maleimide functional groups. Cy3 is a fluorescent dye with a fluorescence spectrum typically in the green to orange wavelength range. The alkyne functional group of Cy3 maleimide chloride can undergo a "thiol-acrylamide" reaction with molecules containing sulfur-oxygen functional groups to form covalent bonds. Cy3 maleimide chloride can bind to biological molecules such as proteins and antibodies to track their location and dynamic changes in biological samples.
DSPE-Thiol is a phophalipid capped with thiol group. The thiol capped head can selectively react with maleimide. DSPE-Thiol can also be used for the preparation of phospholipid dimers .
m-PEG-thiol (MW 1000) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
DOTA-Thiolis a bifunctional chelator (Bifunctional Chelator; BFC) and a macrocyclic DOTA derivative used for tumor pre-targeting. DOTA-Thiol can be used for conjugation of peptides and radionuclides.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 3400) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 750) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 550) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
m-PEG-thiol (MW 350) modifies DNA thiolation for the synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Thiolated DNA can be loaded onto AuNR by the mPEG-SH/Tween 20 assisted method (Tween 20 and mPEG-SH repeatedly displace CTAB on the AuNR surface). DNA AuNRs have been widely used in nanostructure assembly, gene therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery.
DSPE-MAL is a thiol reactive a phospholipid compound. DSPE-MAL has two saturated fatty acids and can self-assemble in water to form lipid bilayer. DSPE-MAL can be used to prepare liposomes as agent nanocarrier .
Arachidonoyl coenzyme A lithium is an unsaturated fatty acyl coenzyme A, formed by the condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxyl group of arachidonic acid .
mPEG-Mal (MW 350) is a PEG derivative used for thiol PEGylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
mPEG-Mal (MW 750) is a PEG derivative used for thiol pegylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
mPEG-Mal (MW 3400) is a PEG derivative used for thiol pegylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
Biotin-PEAC5-maleimide hydrochloride is a biochemical assay reagent, and can be used in biotin-PEAC5-maleimide (BPM)-labeling assay to assess modification of protein thiols by electrophiles .
N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate (SATA), a protein modification agent, introduces thiol-groups into protein molecules. N-Succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate adds sulfhydryl groups to proteins and other amine-containing molecules in a protected form .
Mal-NH-PEG-NH2 (TFA) (MW 2000) is a PEG derivative that may be used for thiol PEGylation of protein molecules. Its maleimide group (-Mal) degrades in aqueous media and finds application in drug delivery studies.
DSPE-PEG-SH, MW 2000 is a pegylated phospholipid with thiol group which is reactive with maleimide to form a covalent thioether linkage. The amphiphatic polymer can form lipid bilayer in aqueous solution and be used to encapsulate agents for drug delivery system, such as mRNA vaccine.
Biotin-PE-maleimide (N-Biotinyl-N'-[2-(N-maleimido)ethyl]piperazine) is a bulky, membrane-impermeable, sulfhydryl-containing reagent with a relatively large molecular size. Biotin-PE-maleimide can be used for biotin labeling (such as thiol groups) and detection of proteins or other biomolecules .
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is a substrate of many phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2. Cleavage of sn-2 fatty acids by PLA2 results in the production of free thiols, which react with chromogenic reagents such as DTNB (Ellman's reagent) and DTP, allowing quantification of PLA2 activity. Isozyme-specific cPLA2 activity can be measured by depleting or inhibiting sPLA2 and iPLA2 activity in the assay.
1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride is a fluorinated organic compound that belongs to the class of benzoyl chlorides. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent smell and is mainly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and pesticide compounds. 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoyl chloride is an acylating agent that can react with a variety of nucleophiles, including amines, alcohols, and thiols, to form amides, esters, or thioesters, respectively. Its unique fluorine-containing structure can impart desired properties to target molecules, such as increased lipophilicity or increased stability against metabolic degradation. However, due to its high reactivity and potential health hazards, proper safety measures and handling procedures must be followed when using this compound.
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-binding domain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
Maleimide can be used for production of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) which is used in cancer research. Maleimide also be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Arachidonoyl coenzyme A lithium is an unsaturated fatty acyl coenzyme A, formed by the condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxyl group of arachidonic acid .
The PLY protein, a cholesterol-dependent toxin, induces cytolysis by forming pores in host membranes with a significant conformational change and oligomeric pore complex formation. Cholesterol is crucial for binding, insertion, and pore formation. PLY Protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (N-His) is the recombinant PLY protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of PLY Protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (N-His) is 470 a.a., with molecular weight of ~55 kDa.
IFI30 is a lysosomal thiol reductase that plays a critical role in reducing protein disulfide bonds in the lysosomal environment. This enzymatic activity is critical for complete unfolding of proteins for lysosomal degradation. IFI30 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived IFI30 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of IFI30 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 217 a.a., with molecular weight of 31-34 kDa.
The PLY protein, a cholesterol-dependent toxin, induces cytolysis by forming pores in host membranes with a significant conformational change and oligomeric pore complex formation. Cholesterol is crucial for binding, insertion, and pore formation. PLY Protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (Baculovirus, His-Myc) is the recombinant PLY protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells, with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag. The total length of PLY Protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (Baculovirus, His-Myc) is 470 a.a., with molecular weight of ~56.8 kDa.
Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) is a thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, which is essential for cellular protection against oxidative stress. It detoxifies peroxide, senses hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events, and may participate in signaling cascades initiated by growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Peroxiredoxin-2/PRDX2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Peroxiredoxin-2/PRDX2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Peroxiredoxin-2/PRDX2 Protein, Human (His) is 197 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.8 kDa.
Cystatin B/CSTB Protein, an intracellular thiol proteinase inhibitor, crucially regulates proteolytic activities within the cell. By inhibiting thiol proteinases, Cystatin B maintains the balance of proteolytic processes, emphasizing its significance in cellular homeostasis. Its inhibitory function underscores involvement in cellular processes requiring precise regulation of proteolytic activity for normal cellular function and integrity. Cystatin B/CSTB Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Cystatin B/CSTB protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Cystatin B/CSTB Protein, Mouse (His) is 98 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.0 kDa.
Kininogen-1 is a key regulator in the coagulation process, inhibiting thiol proteases and strategically targeting prekallikrein and factor XI for coagulation regulation. HMW-kininogen prevents thrombin and plasmin-induced platelet aggregation and aids in hemostasis. Kininogen-1 Protein, Human (409a.a, HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived Kininogen-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Kininogen-1 Protein, Human (409a.a, HEK293, His) is 409 a.a., with molecular weight of ~63.0 kDa.
L-Cystine-d4 is the deuterium labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.
(S)-L-Cystine- 15N2 is the 15N-labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.
L-Cystine- 34S2 is the 34S-labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.
TCEP-d16 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled TCEP hydrochloride[1]. TCEP hydrochloride (Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride) is a non-thiol reducing agent that is more stable and produces a faster S-S reductive reaction than other chemical reductants. TCEP hydrochloride is a trialkylphosphine, selectively reduces protein disuldes without altering the properties or interacting with thiol-directed agents in the reaction mixture. TCEP hydrochloride is also a commonly used reducing agent in the DNA/AuNP chemistry[2][3][4][5].
L-Cystine-3,3'- 13C2 is the 13C labeled L-Cystine[1]. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes[2].
Cystamine-d8 (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Cystamine (dihydrochloride)[1]. Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD)[2][3][4].
Captopril-d3 is deuterium labeled Captopril. Captopril (SQ 14225), antihypertensive agent, is a thiol-containing competitive, orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=0.025 μM) and has been widely used for research of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Captopril is also a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.9 μM[1][2][3].
Propargyl-PEG4-thiol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. Propargyl-PEG4-thiol is a non-cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) . Propargyl-PEG4-thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Azido-PEG4-Thiol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs . Azido-PEG4-Thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
N,N-Bis(PEG2-alkyne)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) . N,N-Bis(PEG2-alkyne)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
N,N-Bis(PEG2-N3)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) . N,N-Bis(PEG2-N3)-N-amido-PEG2-thiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DBCO-PEG24-Maleimide contains a maleimide and a DBCO group. DBCO-PEG24-Maleimide can be used for thiol-containing biomolecule conjugations. DBCO-PEG24-Maleimide can be used in click chemistry with azide-bearing biomolecules .
TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG7-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG7-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG2-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. TCO4-PEG3-Maleimide contains TCO and Maleimide groups, which can undergo specific "click" reactions with tetrazine groups or thiol groups, or "mercapto-acrylamide" reactions.
5MP-Propargyl is the derivative of 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation . 5MP-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Br-5MP-Propargyl is the derivative of 5-Methylene pyrrolone (5MP). 5-Methylene pyrrolones (5MPs) are thiol-specific, reversible bioconjugation reagents for cysteine-specific protein modification, that are commonly used for protein bioconjugation . Br-5MP-Propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
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