Search Result

Results for "

insulin+sensitivity

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	11β-HSD (2) ACSL Family (1) Adrenergic Receptor (1) Akt (3) AMPK (17) Amylin Receptor (3) Amyloid-β (3) Antibiotic (2) Apoptosis (16) ATP Citrate Lyase (1) Autophagy (12) Bacterial (3) Bcl-2 Family (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (4) Calcium Channel (2) Calmodulin (1) Cannabinoid Receptor (1) Carbonic Anhydrase (3) Carboxylesterase (CES) (1) Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (2) Ceramidase (1) CGRP Receptor (7) Cholinesterase (ChE) (1) Dipeptidyl Peptidase (2) Drug Derivative (1) Drug Metabolite (3) E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1) EGFR (1) Endogenous Metabolite (5) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (1) Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) (1) FBPase (1) FOXO (1) FXR (3) G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (3) GCGR (3) GLP Receptor (2) GLUT (5) Histone Demethylase (1) HSP (1) iGluR (3) IKK (1) Insecticide (2) Insulin Receptor (8) IPK Superfamily (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (11) JNK (2) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) LDLR (1) Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC (1) LXR (1) Melanocortin Receptor (1) MetAP (2) Mitochondrial Metabolism (2) Mitophagy (8) MMP (4) MNK (1) mTOR (11) Neprilysin (1) Neurokinin Receptor (1) NF-κB (14) NO Synthase (2) p38 MAPK (2) Parasite (2) PARP (2) PERK (1) PGC-1α (2) Phosphatase (2) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (2) PI3K (2) PPAR (15) Progesterone Receptor (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (7) Reference Standards (11) Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) (1) ROCK (1) ROR (3) SARS-CoV (1) Sirtuin (1) Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) (1) Tau Protein (3) TGF-beta/Smad (1) TNF Receptor (2) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1) Tyrosinase (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (25) Cardiovascular Disease (13) Endocrinology (6) Infection (13) Inflammation/Immunology (32) Metabolic Disease (87) Neurological Disease (16)

By Targets:

11β-HSD (2)

ACSL Family (1)

Adrenergic Receptor (1)

Akt (3)

AMPK (17)

Amylin Receptor (3)

Amyloid-β (3)

Antibiotic (2)

Apoptosis (16)

ATP Citrate Lyase (1)

Autophagy (12)

Bacterial (3)

Bcl-2 Family (1)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (4)

Calcium Channel (2)

Calmodulin (1)

Cannabinoid Receptor (1)

Carbonic Anhydrase (3)

Carboxylesterase (CES) (1)

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (2)

Ceramidase (1)

CGRP Receptor (7)

Cholinesterase (ChE) (1)

Dipeptidyl Peptidase (2)

Drug Derivative (1)

Drug Metabolite (3)

E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1)

EGFR (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (5)

Estrogen Receptor/ERR (1)

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) (1)

FBPase (1)

FOXO (1)

FXR (3)

G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (3)

GCGR (3)

GLP Receptor (2)

GLUT (5)

Histone Demethylase (1)

HSP (1)

iGluR (3)

IKK (1)

Insecticide (2)

Insulin Receptor (8)

IPK Superfamily (1)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (11)

JNK (2)

Keap1-Nrf2 (2)

LDLR (1)

Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC (1)

LXR (1)

Melanocortin Receptor (1)

MetAP (2)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (2)

Mitophagy (8)

MMP (4)

MNK (1)

mTOR (11)

Neprilysin (1)

Neurokinin Receptor (1)

NF-κB (14)

NO Synthase (2)

p38 MAPK (2)

Parasite (2)

PARP (2)

PERK (1)

PGC-1α (2)

Phosphatase (2)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (2)

PI3K (2)

PPAR (15)

Progesterone Receptor (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (7)

Reference Standards (11)

Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) (1)

ROCK (1)

ROR (3)

SARS-CoV (1)

Sirtuin (1)

Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) (1)

Tau Protein (3)

TGF-beta/Smad (1)

TNF Receptor (2)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1)

Tyrosinase (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (25)

Cardiovascular Disease (13)

Endocrinology (6)

Infection (13)

Inflammation/Immunology (32)

Metabolic Disease (87)

Neurological Disease (16)

111

Inhibitors & Agonists

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0627

Metformin Maximum Cited Publications 196 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-17471A

Metformin hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 196 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N7075

Inulin 4 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Inulin is an orally active prebiotic targeting the intestinal microbiota, selectively promoting the proliferation and activity of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and playing a role in regulating the intestinal microecology. The functions of Inulin include: Fermentation by probiotics in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as butyrate and propionate), lowering the intestinal pH and inhibiting the overgrowth of harmful bacteria; Enhancing the intestinal barrier function and reducing endotoxin translocation; Directly scavenging free radicals (such as superoxide free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals) and activating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) to reduce oxidative stress. Inulin can also be used in the study of intestinal diseases (constipation, IBD), metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity) and liver damage by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism (such as reducing triglycerides, improving insulin sensitivity) and immune response (enhancing NK cell activity, inhibiting inflammatory factors)[1][2][3][4].

HY-P10746

EB1002	Neurokinin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
EB1002 is a highly selective, long-acting NK2R agonist. EB1002 exerts central appetite suppression, increases peripheral energy expenditure and enhances insulin sensitivity, which effectively reduces body weight, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, with favorable safety profiles. EB1002 can be used for research on diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes .

HY-134816

D-Glucan	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
D-Glucan is an orally effective Dectin-1 receptor immune activator with antioxidant properties (reducing TNF-α). D-Glucan activates macrophages and neutrophils to scavenge free radicals, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and improve insulin sensitivity. D-Glucan promotes glycolysis by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and activating GK. D-Glucan can be used in the research of liver damage protection (antagonizing Acetaminophen (HY-66005) toxicity), radiation protection (synergistic with vitamin E) and diabetes (improving glucose metabolism) .

HY-P2048

MOTS-c (human) 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis GLUT AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P11274A

Zenagamtide sodium Amycretin sodium; NN 9487 sodium	Amylin Receptor Insulin Receptor GCGR	Metabolic Disease
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) sodium is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide sodium is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide sodium improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide sodium may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .

HY-77813

Benzyl isothiocyanate	Bacterial Apoptosis Antibiotic Parasite Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection Endocrinology Cancer
Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia .

HY-P1928

Humanin	Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging . Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG .

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-143712

Allolithocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-P10959

Macupatide LY3532226	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Macupatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist. Macupatide improves insulin secretion responses and insulin sensitivity.Macupatide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-14771

Imeglimin 5+ Cited Publications EMD 387008	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function .

HY-B0283

Acipimox 2 Publications Verification K-9321	Carbonic Anhydrase	Metabolic Disease
Acipimox (K-9321), a nicotinic acid analogue, is an antilipolytic compound. Acipimox stimulates leptin releas, inhibits lipolysis and suppresses systemic levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and improves insulin sensitivity .

HY-139142

Simufilam 1 Publications Verification PTI-125	mTOR iGluR Amyloid-β Tau Protein	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Simufilam (PTI-125) is an orally active FLNA modulator. Simufilam restores NMDAR signaling and Arc expression. Simufilam inhibits overactive mTOR signaling by restoring the normal conformation of FLNA, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces Aβ₄₂-induced neuroinflammation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Simufilam can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease .

HY-P11274

Zenagamtide Amycretin; NN 9487	Amylin Receptor GCGR Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .

HY-P11285A

LAGIPRA peptide TFA Long acting GIPRA-1 TFA	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
LAGIPRA peptide TFA is a long-acting GIP1R agonist. LAGIPRA peptide TFA enhances insulin sensitivity by augmenting glucose disposal and reduces branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and ketoacids. LAGIPRA peptide TFA has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-N0479

Licarin B 1 Publications Verification (-)-Licarin B	PPAR GLUT	Metabolic Disease
Licarin B, a nitric oxide production inhibitor extracted from the component of the seeds of Myristica fragrans, improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway .

HY-P1434

[Pro3]-GIP (mouse)	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
[Pro3]-GIP (mouse) is a GIP receptor antagonist (IC₅₀: 2.6 μM). [Pro3]-GIP (mouse) improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice. [Pro3]-GIP (mouse) can be used for research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-142069

KB-R7785	MMP	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
KB-R7785 is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, which improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting TNF-α production. KB-R7785 can be used for diabetes research. KB-R7785 has a protective efficacy against focal cerebral ischemia .

HY-17403

Manidipine dihydrochloride 3 Publications Verification CV-4093	Calcium Channel NF-κB	Infection Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Manidipine dihydrochloride is a third-generation, lipophilic, orally active and highly vasoselective calcium channel antagonist (IC₅₀ = 2.6 nM in guinea-pig ventricular cells) and acts as an antihypertensive agent. Manidipine effectively reduces blood pressure as well as improving insulin sensitivity, renal protection, and antiatherosclerotic activity. Manidipine also exerts anti-inflammatory activity mediated by NF-κB and antiviral activity against many flavivirus and negative-strand RNA viruses through the inhibition of calcium channel. Manidipine is widely applied to research of cardiovascular, metabolic disease and infection .

HY-U00425

PROTAC ERRα ligand 1	Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC Estrogen Receptor/ERR	Metabolic Disease Cancer
PROTAC ERRα ligand 1 is a PROTAC target protein ligand. PROTAC ERRα ligand 1 is an orally active ERRα inverse agonist with IC₅₀ values of 0.6 μM for ERRα. PROTAC ERRα ligand 1 shows no significant activity against a panel of other nuclear receptors, including ERα ^c, ERRγ, ERβ, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, and RXRα. PROTAC ERRα ligand 1 can provide enhanced insulin sensitivity in vivo. PROTAC ERRα ligand 1 can be used for metabolic diseases research, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity .

HY-110079

TNP	IPK Superfamily	Cancer
TNP is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of IP6K1 and IP3K, with IC₅₀s of 0.55 μM and 10.2 μM for IP6K1 and IP3K, respectively. TNP competitively binds to the ATP binding site of IP6K, inhibits the generation of 5-IP7, and thus relieves the inhibition of 5-IP7 on the AKT signaling pathway. TNP can enhance insulin sensitivity and promote thermogenesis in adipose tissue. TNP cannot effectively pass through the blood-brain barrier and is mainly used in the study of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, TNP also inhibits CYP3A4 and may need further optimization[1][2][3].

HY-17471AR

Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N8522

9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid	Others	Metabolic Disease
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice .

HY-128400

4'-Methoxychalcone	PARP	Metabolic Disease Cancer
4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-148598

Curcumin 5-8 CUR5-8	Apoptosis Autophagy	Metabolic Disease
Curcumin 5-8 (CUR5-8) is a potent and orally active naturally active curcumin (CUR) analog. Curcumin 5-8 inhibits lipid droplet formation. Curcumin 5-8 increases autophagy and inhibits Apoptosis. Curcumin 5-8 improves insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity .

HY-153617

FOXO1-IN-3 1 Publications Verification	FOXO	Metabolic Disease
FOXO1-IN-3 is a highly-selective and orally active FOXO1 inhibitor. FOXO1-IN-3 reduces hepatic glucose production in mice. FOXO1-IN-3 improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control in db/db mice without causing weight gain .

HY-N4294

Arjungenin	FXR Insecticide	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Arjungenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is a FXR agonist. Arjungenin can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating the function of fat cells. Arjungenin exhibits moderate free radical scavenging activity. Arjungenin has growth inhibitory activity against the insect Spilarctia obliqua. Arjungenin has significant antiviral activity against a series of viruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) .

HY-101064S3

Fmoc-leucine-d10	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Fmoc-leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-100428

Netoglitazone MCC-555; Isaglitazone	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Netoglitazone (MCC-555) is an orally active PPARγ ligand with an EC₅₀ of 8 μM. Netoglitazone mediates cell type-specific functional regulation, and modulates the transcriptional activity of PPARγ as a full agonist, partial agonist or antagonist. Netoglitazone induces adipogenesis, inhibits osteoblastogenesis, alters the weight of extramedullary fat depots and enhances insulin sensitivity. Netoglitazone reduces blood glucose levels. Netoglitazone can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-111254

GQ-16	PPAR NF-κB JNK	Inflammation/Immunology
GQ-16 is an orally active PPARγ partial agonist with an IC₅₀ of 1.84 μM and a K_i of 160 nM against human PPARγ. GQ-16 inhibits Cdk5-mediated Ser-273 phosphorylation. GQ-16 improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese and diabetic mice. GQ-16 also exhibits certain cytotoxicity against tumor cells. GQ-16 can be used in research related to obesity, diabetes and cancer .

HY-N5027

Oxyberberine 2 Publications Verification Oxyberberin; Berlambine; 8-Oxoberberine	Others	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Oxyberberine (Oxyberberin; Berlambine) is an orally effective heme oxygenase HO-1 agonist that can activate antioxidant mechanisms by regulating the PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling pathway. Oxyberberine induces HO-1 expression, increases SOD and GSH-Px activity, inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Oxyberberine has anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and can be used to study type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and inflammatory bowel disease .

HY-19870C

Setmelanotide monoacetate Maximum Cited Publications 8 Publications Verification RM-493 monoacetate; BIM-22493 monoacetate; IRC-022493 monoacetate	Melanocortin Receptor Calmodulin AMPK	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Setmelanotide monoacetate (RM-493 monoacetate) is a blood-brain barrier-permeable, selective MC4R agonist with a K_i value of 2.1 nM for hMC4R. Setmelanotide monoacetate activates the CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway. Setmelanotide monoacetate mediates body weight homeostasis, feeding regulation and energy expenditure modulation; it reduces food intake, induces weight loss, decreases obesity severity, increases daytime activity and energy expenditure, lowers levels of leptin, triglycerides, fasting insulin and diastolic blood pressure, improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and fatty liver condition, and reverses respiratory depression. Setmelanotide monoacetate is applicable to research related to obesity, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver and respiratory depression .

HY-P2048A

MOTS-c(human) acetate 1 Publications Verification	AMPK GLUT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) acetate is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) acetate inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) acetate has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-120657

9-PAHSA	CGRP Receptor NF-κB	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-P11285

LAGIPRA peptide Long acting GIPRA-1	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
LAGIPRA peptide is a long-acting GIP1R agonist. LAGIPRA peptide enhances insulin sensitivity by augmenting glucose disposal and reduces branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and ketoacids. LAGIPRA peptide has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-129297

CMPF	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
CMPF can be found in trace constituent of urine and blood. CMPF is a biomarker of type 2 diabetes. CMPF can act on the β cell and induces impaired mitochondrial function. CMPF decreases glucose-induced ATP accumulation, and induces oxidative stress. CMPF reverses hepatic lipid accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice .

HY-139142B

Simufilam hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification PTI-125 hydrochloride	mTOR iGluR Amyloid-β Tau Protein	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Simufilam hydrochloride (PTI-125 hydrochloride) is an orally active FLNA modulator. Simufilam hydrochloride restores NMDAR signaling and Arc expression. Simufilam hydrochloride inhibits overactive mTOR signaling by restoring the normal conformation of FLNA, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces Aβ₄₂-induced neuroinflammation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Simufilam hydrochloride can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease .

HY-101064S2

Fmoc-leucine-d3 N-FMOC-leucine-d₃; NPC 15199-d₃; NSC 334290-d₃	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Fmoc-leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-14811

Beloranib ZGN-440; CKD-732 free base	MetAP NF-κB	Metabolic Disease
Beloranib (ZGN-440; CKD-732 free base) is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase MetAP2 that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. Beloranib blocks the enzymatic cleavage of N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins by forming a covalent bond with MetAP2, thereby regulating fatty acid metabolism, adrenergic signaling, and hypothalamic NF-κB expression. Beloranib significantly reduces food intake, body weight, and fat accumulation, while improving glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. Beloranib also elevates energy expenditure and fat oxidation levels, without affecting body temperature, spontaneous activity, or the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Beloranib can be used in research on obesity and hypothalamic obesity .

HY-P10959A

Macupatide acetate LY3532226 acetate	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Macupatide acetate is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist. Macupatide acetate improves insulin secretion responses and insulin sensitivity.Macupatide acetate can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-116193

5-PAHSA	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
5-PAHSA increases insulin sensitivity, and has orally active anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in mice HFD-induced diabetes mice. 5-PAHSA can be used for research of neurological dysfunction in diabetics .

HY-134656

BC1618 1 Publications Verification	AMPK Mitophagy E1/E2/E3 Enzyme	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
BC1618, an orally active Fbxo48 inhibitory compound, stimulates Ampk-dependent signaling (via preventing activated pAmpkα from Fbxo48-mediated degradation). BC1618 promotes mitochondrial fission, facilitates autophagy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity .

HY-101064S1

Fmoc-leucine-13C6,15N	Isotope-Labeled Compounds PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Fmoc-leucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is a ¹⁵N-labeled and ¹³C-labled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity

HY-121212

Icosabutate	LDLR	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Icosabutate, an orally active ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is an aeicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derivative. Icosabutate overcomes the drawbacks of unmodified EPA for liver targeting and improves insulin sensitivity, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis . Icosabutate is well tolerated, and efficacious in lowering non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in persistent hypertriglyceridemia .

HY-N15841

C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0)	Ceramidase	Others
C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) is an endogenous ultra-long-chain ceramide that antagonizes the detrimental effects of long-chain ceramides on *insulin* sensitivity. C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) is specifically enriched in oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, where it serves dual roles in providing structural support to cell membranes and regulating cellular signaling. By participating in the regulation of lipid homeostasis within muscle fibers, C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) helps maintain normal insulin signaling. C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) is primarily utilized in research concerning metabolic diseases—particularly in mechanistic studies investigating the muscle fiber type-specific aspects of insulin resistance .

HY-W010934

3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane is a steroid that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods. It belongs to a class of compounds known as cholestanes, which are closely related to the better known cholesterol. This particular compound is formed from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions in the liver and other organs. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. Some research suggests that it may also play a role in regulating blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Despite these potential benefits, 3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane is not widely used as a supplement or medicine due to its relatively low content, focus on natural resources and limited research. However, researchers continue to investigate its potential uses and effects on human health.

HY-164368

GLUT4 activator 2	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
GLUT4 activator 2 (C59) is an *insulin* sensitizer, which can be used for research of diabetic diseases. GLUT4 activator 2 improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in rodents. GLUT4 activator 2 interacts with Unc119 and Unc119B resulting in increased insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 translocation .

HY-N3426

Kazinol B	NO Synthase Akt AMPK	Metabolic Disease
Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-134816

D-Glucan

Biochemical Assay Reagents

D-Glucan is an orally effective Dectin-1 receptor immune activator with antioxidant properties (reducing TNF-α). D-Glucan activates macrophages and neutrophils to scavenge free radicals, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and improve insulin sensitivity. D-Glucan promotes glycolysis by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and activating GK. D-Glucan can be used in the research of liver damage protection (antagonizing Acetaminophen (HY-66005) toxicity), radiation protection (synergistic with vitamin E) and diabetes (improving glucose metabolism) .

HY-W010934

3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane

Biochemical Assay Reagents

3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane is a steroid that occurs naturally in the body and is also found in certain foods. It belongs to a class of compounds known as cholestanes, which are closely related to the better known cholesterol. This particular compound is formed from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions in the liver and other organs. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. Some research suggests that it may also play a role in regulating blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Despite these potential benefits, 3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholestane is not widely used as a supplement or medicine due to its relatively low content, focus on natural resources and limited research. However, researchers continue to investigate its potential uses and effects on human health.

HY-W145699

D-myo-Inositol 4-monophosphate

Biochemical Assay Reagents

D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phosphate, also known as IMP, is a phosphorylated form of inositol that is commonly found in various metabolic pathways, especially in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and cell signaling molecules. D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phosphate has unique chemical properties that make it an important intermediate in the production of second messengers, such as inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which signal in cells plays a key role in. D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phosphate is also used in dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals because of its potential health benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive function.

HY-W127851

CLA

Cypridina luciferin analog

Biochemical Assay Reagents

CLA, or conjugated linoleic acid, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in a variety of animal products, such as meat and dairy. It has several potential benefits for human health, including the ability to reduce body fat mass, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce inflammation. CLA has been extensively studied for its effects on weight loss and muscle growth, as well as its potential role in preventing chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, it can be taken as a dietary supplement in capsule form.

HY-131306B

2-Hexadecenoic acid

Gaidic acid

Biochemical Assay Reagents

2-Hexadecenoic acid is a natural unsaturated fatty acid. It is ubiquitously present in various animal and plant tissues, especially adipose tissue and certain vegetable oils, such as macadamia nut oil. 2-Hexadecenoic acid has unique chemical properties that make it an important component of cell membranes and storage lipids, and participates in various metabolic processes such as lipid metabolism and inflammation. It's also been linked to potential health benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity and a lower risk of heart disease.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10746

EB1002	Neurokinin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
EB1002 is a highly selective, long-acting NK2R agonist. EB1002 exerts central appetite suppression, increases peripheral energy expenditure and enhances insulin sensitivity, which effectively reduces body weight, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, with favorable safety profiles. EB1002 can be used for research on diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes .

HY-P2048

MOTS-c (human) 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis GLUT AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P11274A

Zenagamtide sodium Amycretin sodium; NN 9487 sodium	Amylin Receptor Insulin Receptor GCGR	Metabolic Disease
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) sodium is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide sodium is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide sodium improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide sodium may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .

HY-P1928

Humanin	Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging . Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG .

HY-P10959

Macupatide LY3532226	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Macupatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist. Macupatide improves insulin secretion responses and insulin sensitivity.Macupatide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-P11274

Zenagamtide Amycretin; NN 9487	Amylin Receptor GCGR Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Zenagamtide (Amycretin; NN 9487) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable triple agonist that targets GLP-1, amylin (Amylin Receptor) and calcitonin receptor (Calcitonin Receptor). Zenagamtide is a single peptide consisting of 68 amino acids that can target brain regions regulating food intake, significantly suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Therefore, Zenagamtide improves body weight, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile, and also alleviates the histological features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and enhances insulin sensitivity. Zenagamtide may cause transient increases in heart rate and fluctuations in serum calcium levels, but it is an important compound for the study of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases .

HY-P11285A

LAGIPRA peptide TFA Long acting GIPRA-1 TFA	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
LAGIPRA peptide TFA is a long-acting GIP1R agonist. LAGIPRA peptide TFA enhances insulin sensitivity by augmenting glucose disposal and reduces branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and ketoacids. LAGIPRA peptide TFA has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-P1434

[Pro3]-GIP (mouse)	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
[Pro3]-GIP (mouse) is a GIP receptor antagonist (IC₅₀: 2.6 μM). [Pro3]-GIP (mouse) improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice. [Pro3]-GIP (mouse) can be used for research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-19870C

Setmelanotide monoacetate Maximum Cited Publications 8 Publications Verification RM-493 monoacetate; BIM-22493 monoacetate; IRC-022493 monoacetate	Melanocortin Receptor Calmodulin AMPK	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Setmelanotide monoacetate (RM-493 monoacetate) is a blood-brain barrier-permeable, selective MC4R agonist with a K_i value of 2.1 nM for hMC4R. Setmelanotide monoacetate activates the CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway. Setmelanotide monoacetate mediates body weight homeostasis, feeding regulation and energy expenditure modulation; it reduces food intake, induces weight loss, decreases obesity severity, increases daytime activity and energy expenditure, lowers levels of leptin, triglycerides, fasting insulin and diastolic blood pressure, improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and fatty liver condition, and reverses respiratory depression. Setmelanotide monoacetate is applicable to research related to obesity, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver and respiratory depression .

HY-P2048A

MOTS-c(human) acetate 1 Publications Verification	AMPK GLUT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) acetate is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) acetate inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) acetate has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P11285

LAGIPRA peptide Long acting GIPRA-1	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
LAGIPRA peptide is a long-acting GIP1R agonist. LAGIPRA peptide enhances insulin sensitivity by augmenting glucose disposal and reduces branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and ketoacids. LAGIPRA peptide has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-P10959A

Macupatide acetate LY3532226 acetate	Insulin Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Macupatide acetate is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist. Macupatide acetate improves insulin secretion responses and insulin sensitivity.Macupatide acetate can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-P11610

KBP-089	Amylin Receptor CGRP Receptor	Metabolic Disease
KBP-089 is a dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor agonist. KBP-089 reduces body weight, decreases adipose tissue mass and improves glucose tolerance in obese rats. KBP-089 also eliminates lipid accumulation in the liver and muscle, and ameliorates glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. KBP-089 is applicable to the research of diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N7075

Inulin 4 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Polysaccharides Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Compositae Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Sophora tomentosa L. Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Inulin is an orally active prebiotic targeting the intestinal microbiota, selectively promoting the proliferation and activity of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and playing a role in regulating the intestinal microecology. The functions of Inulin include: Fermentation by probiotics in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as butyrate and propionate), lowering the intestinal pH and inhibiting the overgrowth of harmful bacteria; Enhancing the intestinal barrier function and reducing endotoxin translocation; Directly scavenging free radicals (such as superoxide free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals) and activating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) to reduce oxidative stress. Inulin can also be used in the study of intestinal diseases (constipation, IBD), metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity) and liver damage by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism (such as reducing triglycerides, improving insulin sensitivity) and immune response (enhancing NK cell activity, inhibiting inflammatory factors)[1][2][3][4].

HY-N9933

Tauro-β-muricholic acid 4 Publications Verification TβMCA	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Animals Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	FXR Apoptosis
Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is an orally active trihydroxylated bile acid and a competitive, reversible FXR antagonist (IC₅₀=40 μM). Tauro-β-muricholic acid inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, while simultaneously inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling, affecting bile acid synthesis, hepatic lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Accumulation of tauro-β-muricholic acid disrupts metabolic homeostasis, promoting cancer stem cell proliferation and tumor progression. The mechanisms of tauro-β-muricholic acid involve two aspects: first, inhibiting the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to mitochondria and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); and second, blocking the FXR signaling pathway to regulate bile acid metabolism, reduce serum ceramide production, and downregulate the hepatic SREBP1C/CIDEA pathway. Tauro-β-muricholic acid possesses anti-hepatocyte apoptosis, bile acid homeostasis regulation, and liver fat accumulation reduction properties, and also functions as a biomarker, making it useful in the study of diseases such as bile acid metabolism disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, colorectal cancer, and liver fibrosis .

HY-N2593

Isorhapontigenin 4 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Stilbenes Classification of Application Fields Gnetum cleistostachyum C. Y. Cheng Phenols Polyphenols Gnetaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy Apoptosis NF-κB PI3K Akt MMP Keap1-Nrf2
Isorhapontigenin is an orally active dietary polyphenol. Isorhapontigenin acts as a potent antioxidant that reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isorhapontigenin promotes the binding of JUN to the AP-1 site on the SESN2 promoter, induces SESN2 transcription, triggers MAPK8-dependent JUN activation, and upregulates the expression of PPAR-α, PGC-1α and CPT-1A to facilitate fatty acid oxidation. Isorhapontigenin induces autophagy, apoptosis and preadipocyte differentiation; it inhibits tumor growth, cell invasion, NF-κB transcriptional activity, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, STAT1 phosphorylation and MMP-2 expression. Isorhapontigenin alleviates oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine release and triglyceride accumulation; it increases intracellular ATP levels and promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Isorhapontigenin improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and glucose tolerance, and reduces postprandial blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acid levels. Isorhapontigenin is applicable to research on bladder cancer, liver injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes .

HY-77813

Benzyl isothiocyanate	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Opiliaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Salvadora persica Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Antibiotic Parasite Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia .

HY-143712

Allolithocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR
Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-N0479

Licarin B 1 Publications Verification (-)-Licarin B	Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Metabolic Disease Myristicaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Myristica fragrans Houtt. Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PPAR GLUT
Licarin B, a nitric oxide production inhibitor extracted from the component of the seeds of Myristica fragrans, improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway .

HY-N3266

Methyl rosmarinate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Adenocarpus cincinnatus (Ball) Maire Labiatae Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Tyrosinase Phosphatase Cholinesterase (ChE) SARS-CoV PERK JNK p38 MAPK TGF-beta/Smad Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) AMPK MMP
Methyl rosmarinate is an orally active hydroxycinnamic acid. Methyl rosmarinate exhibits an IC₅₀ of 24.70 μM and a K_i of 15.29 μM against PTP1B, an IC₅₀ of 41.46 μg/mL against BChE, a K_i of 0.61 mM against mushroom tyrosinase, and an IC₅₀ of 2.50 μM against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Methyl rosmarinate downregulates the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38, Smad2 and Smad3. Methyl rosmarinate activates erythrocyte BPGM and promotes the production of 2,3-BPG. Methyl rosmarinate induces apoptosis of fibroblasts. Methyl rosmarinate prolongs the survival time of hypoxic mice. Methyl rosmarinate improves insulin sensitivity. Methyl rosmarinate binds to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and inhibits viral replication. Methyl rosmarinate induces glioblastoma cell death. Methyl rosmarinate activates the TGR5/AMPK axis and reduces the levels of ROS and MDA. Methyl rosmarinate shows inhibitory activity against MMP-1. Methyl rosmarinate can be used in research related to pulmonary fibrosis, hypoxia-induced injury, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, hyperpigmentation disorders, COVID-19, glioblastoma and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury .

HY-N8522

9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ricinus communis L. Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Euphorbiaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice .

HY-128400

4'-Methoxychalcone	Flavonoids Chalcones Classification of Application Fields Piperaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Piper nigrum Linn. Cancer Source Classification	PARP
4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-N4294

Arjungenin	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Combretaceae Metabolic Disease Terminalia chebula Retz. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	FXR Insecticide
Arjungenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is a FXR agonist. Arjungenin can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating the function of fat cells. Arjungenin exhibits moderate free radical scavenging activity. Arjungenin has growth inhibitory activity against the insect Spilarctia obliqua. Arjungenin has significant antiviral activity against a series of viruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) .

HY-N5027

Oxyberberine 2 Publications Verification Oxyberberin; Berlambine; 8-Oxoberberine	Infection Structural Classification Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Oxyberberine (Oxyberberin; Berlambine) is an orally effective heme oxygenase HO-1 agonist that can activate antioxidant mechanisms by regulating the PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling pathway. Oxyberberine induces HO-1 expression, increases SOD and GSH-Px activity, inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Oxyberberine has anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and can be used to study type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and inflammatory bowel disease .

HY-120657

9-PAHSA	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	CGRP Receptor NF-κB
9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-129297

CMPF	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
CMPF can be found in trace constituent of urine and blood. CMPF is a biomarker of type 2 diabetes. CMPF can act on the β cell and induces impaired mitochondrial function. CMPF decreases glucose-induced ATP accumulation, and induces oxidative stress. CMPF reverses hepatic lipid accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice .

HY-N15841

C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0)	Structural Classification Lipid	Ceramidase
C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) is an endogenous ultra-long-chain ceramide that antagonizes the detrimental effects of long-chain ceramides on *insulin* sensitivity. C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) is specifically enriched in oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, where it serves dual roles in providing structural support to cell membranes and regulating cellular signaling. By participating in the regulation of lipid homeostasis within muscle fibers, C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) helps maintain normal insulin signaling. C25 Ceramide (d18:1/25:0) is primarily utilized in research concerning metabolic diseases—particularly in mechanistic studies investigating the muscle fiber type-specific aspects of insulin resistance .

HY-N3426

Kazinol B	other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase Akt AMPK
Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research .

HY-N11262

Sudachitin	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Rutaceae Citrus sudachi Hort. ex Shirai. Plants Source Classification	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Sirtuin PGC-1α p38 MAPK HSP TNF Receptor NO Synthase Apoptosis
Sudachitin is an orally active compound that potently inhibits mouse PDE1C and human PDE4B, with IC₅₀ values of 5.0 μM and 15.0 μM, respectively. Sudachitin upregulates Sirt1 and PGC‑1α expression in skeletal muscle to regulate energy metabolism and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Sudachitin improves lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and fatty acid β‑oxidation. Sudachitin activates p38MAPK signaling, induces HSP27 phosphorylation and caspase‑dependent apoptosis, and blocks EGF‑driven keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Sudachitin suppresses LPS‑induced TNF‑α, NO, and iNOS expression in macrophages and shows potent anti‑inflammatory activity. Sudachitin can be used for the research of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and psoriasis. .

HY-W145699

D-myo-Inositol 4-monophosphate	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents Endogenous Metabolite
D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phosphate, also known as IMP, is a phosphorylated form of inositol that is commonly found in various metabolic pathways, especially in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and cell signaling molecules. D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phosphate has unique chemical properties that make it an important intermediate in the production of second messengers, such as inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which signal in cells plays a key role in. D-myo-Inositol 4-mono-phosphate is also used in dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals because of its potential health benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive function.

HY-N6181

Terrelumamide A	Alkaloids Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Marine natural products Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Marine microorganism Endocrinology Source Classification	Others
Terrelumamide A is a lumazine-containing peptide. Terrelumamide A is isolated from the culture broth of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus. Terrelumamide A exhibits pharmacological activity by improving insulin sensitivity. Terrelumamide A has the potential in the application of DNA sequence recognition .

HY-128400R

4'-Methoxychalcone (Standard)	Structural Classification Chalcones Flavonoids Piperaceae Plants Piper nigrum Linn. Source Classification	PARP Reference Standards
4'-Methoxychalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4'-Methoxychalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity .

HY-N4294R

Arjungenin (Standard)	Triterpenes Terpenoids Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Retz. Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards FXR Insecticide
Arjungenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arjungenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arjungenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is a FXR agonist. Arjungenin can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating the function of fat cells. Arjungenin exhibits moderate free radical scavenging activity. Arjungenin has growth inhibitory activity against the insect Spilarctia obliqua. Arjungenin has significant antiviral activity against a series of viruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV).

HY-77813R

Benzyl isothiocyanate (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Opiliaceae Plants Salvadora persica Source Classification	Reference Standards Bacterial Apoptosis Antibiotic Parasite Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Benzyl isothiocyanate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benzyl isothiocyanate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzyl isothiocyanate is an orally available isothiocyanate with bactericidal, anticancer, antiangiogenic and anthelmintic activities. Benzyl isothiocyanate exerts anticancer functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In addition, Benzyl isothiocyanate can enhance muscle insulin sensitivity to improve obesity-induced hyperglycemia[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].

HY-143712R

Allolithocholic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Drug Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 ROR
Allolithocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-120657R

9-PAHSA (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards CGRP Receptor NF-κB
Flumethrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flumethrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-N2593R

Isorhapontigenin (Standard)	Structural Classification Stilbenes Gnetum cleistostachyum C. Y. Cheng Phenols Polyphenols Gnetaceae Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy Apoptosis NF-κB PI3K Akt MMP Keap1-Nrf2
Isorhapontigenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isorhapontigenin (HY-N2593). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isorhapontigenin is an orally active dietary polyphenol. Isorhapontigenin acts as a potent antioxidant that reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isorhapontigenin promotes the binding of JUN to the AP-1 site on the SESN2 promoter, induces SESN2 transcription, triggers MAPK8-dependent JUN activation, and upregulates the expression of PPAR-α, PGC-1α and CPT-1A to facilitate fatty acid oxidation. Isorhapontigenin induces autophagy, apoptosis and preadipocyte differentiation; it inhibits tumor growth, cell invasion, NF-κB transcriptional activity, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, STAT1 phosphorylation and MMP-2 expression. Isorhapontigenin alleviates oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine release and triglyceride accumulation; it increases intracellular ATP levels and promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Isorhapontigenin improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and glucose tolerance, and reduces postprandial blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acid levels. Isorhapontigenin is applicable to research on bladder cancer, liver injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes.

HY-N19065

Dalchini extract	Structural Classification Extract	Bacterial
Dalchini extract is rich in various bioactive compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, tannins, polyphenols, and aromatic essential oils. Dalchini extract helps regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. It also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, which help enhance immune function, prevent infection, and reduce inflammation.

HY-N17773

Hydrangeic acid	Structural Classification Monophenols Hydrangeaceae Phenols Plants Source Classification	PPAR GLUT TNF Receptor
Hydrangeic acid is an orally effective stilbene-type glycolipid metabolism regulator that lowers blood glucose and lipids. It can be isolated from processed leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii. Hydrangeic acid is associated with glycolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity regulation. Hydrangeic acid does not directly activate PPARγ or PPARα, but instead upregulates the mRNA expression of adiponectin, PPARγ2, GLUT4, and fatty acid-binding protein aP2, and downregulates TNF-α mRNA expression, promoting adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 cells. Simultaneously, Hydrangeic acid inhibits inflammatory factor-induced NO production, exerting activity in improving insulin resistance. Hydrangeic acid can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes and does not cause liver weight gain as a side effect.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-101064S3

Fmoc-leucine-d10
Fmoc-leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-101064S2

Fmoc-leucine-d3
Fmoc-leucine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity in normal, diet-induced glucose-intolerant, and in diabetic db/db mice. Fmoc-leucine has a lower adipogenic activity .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6

Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-101064S1

Fmoc-leucine-13C6,15N
Fmoc-leucine- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N is a ¹⁵N-labeled and ¹³C-labled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity

HY-W770410

9-PAHSA-13C4

9-PAHSA- ¹³C₄ is ¹³C-labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSAis an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSAsignificantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSAinduces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSAregulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSAdoes not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSAcan be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-14771S

Imeglimin-d3
Imeglimin-d₃ (EMD 387008-d₃) is deuterium labeled Imeglimin. Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride

Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-143712S1

Allolithocholic Acid-d4

Allolithocholic Acid-d₄ (3α-hydoxy-5α-Cholaoic Acid-d₄, allo-LCA-d₄) is deuterium labeled Allolithocholic acid (HY-143712). Allolithocholic acid is an orally active metabolite of Lithocholic acid (HY-B0172). Allolithocholic acid is a dual GPBAR1 agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.7 μM) and RORγt inverse agonist (IC₅₀ = 3.4 μM). Allolithocholic acid modulates immune and metabolic pathways, regulates immune cell polarization, prevents M1 macrophage and Th17 CD4 cell polarization. Allolithocholic acid improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver lipid accumulation, reverses liver immunological, inflammatory and metabolic signaling dysregulation, restores bile acid homeostasis, adipose tissue histopathology/function, and intestinal microbiota composition, modulates intestinal immunity. Allolithocholic acid can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammayion, immunology and metabolic disease .

HY-120657S

9-PAHSA-d4

9-PAHSA-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-N0479S

Licarin B-d4
Licarin B-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Licarin B (HY-N0479). Licarin B, a nitric oxide production inhibitor extracted from the component of the seeds of Myristica fragrans, improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway .

HY-144026S

9-PAHSA-d9

9-PAHSA-d9 is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA (HY-120657). 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-120657S1

9-PAHSA-d31

9-PAHSA-d₃₁ is the deuterium labeled 9-PAHSA. 9-PAHSA is an orally active endogenous GPR120 agonist (EC₅₀=18 μM). 9-PAHSA significantly inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 9-PAHSA induces adipocyte browning, enhances glucose uptake and reduces lipid accumulation, while improving mitochondrial function and the survival rate of steatotic hepatocytes. In terms of neuroprotection, 9-PAHSA regulates the expression of REST and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice, and effectively prevents spatial working memory deficits and abnormal social behaviors. 9-PAHSA does not directly regulate insulin secretion or improve systemic insulin sensitivity, and possesses specific anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory and neuroprotective properties. 9-PAHSA can be used in the research of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease .

HY-B0283S

Acipimox-d4
Acipimox-d4 is the deuterium labeled Acipimox. Acipimox (K-9321), a nicotinic acid analogue, is an antilipolytic compound. Acipimox acutely inhibits lipolysis and suppresses systemic levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and improves insulin sensitivity .

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