Combretaceae

Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity.

Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC₅₀ of 9.76 μM.

Rutin (Rutoside) trihydrate is a multifunctional natural flavonoid glycoside. Rutin trihydrate has been demonstrating excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities .

Chebulic acid is a phenolic acid compound isolated from Terminalia chebula with strong antioxidant activity, which breaks protein cross-links induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inhibits the formation of AGEs. Chebulic acid is effective in controlling elevated metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and liver damage, supporting its beneficial role in asthma, diabetes, and liver protection.

Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC₅₀ of 45 nM and a K_i of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica.

Tercatain is a COVID-19 main protease inhibitor with antibacterial activity. Tercatain exhibits antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Tercatain can be used for the research of COVID-19, and bacterial infections.

Arjungenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is a FXR agonist. Arjungenin can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating the function of fat cells. Arjungenin exhibits moderate free radical scavenging activity. Arjungenin has growth inhibitory activity against the insect Spilarctia obliqua. Arjungenin has significant antiviral activity against a series of viruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV).

3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid obtained from Euphorbia adenochlora selectively inhibits the formation of acid-fastness in mycobacteria without retardation of their growth. 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid as a hepatoprotective compound is apparently due to its antioxidative effect.

Casuarinin is an orally active antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, virucidal and gastroprotective agent. Casuarinin upregulates the expression of p21/WAF1, Fas/APO‑1, mFasL, sFasL and HSP‑70, arrests cell cycle, induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Casuarinin inhibits TNF‑α-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and activation of NF‑κB, downregulates the expression of iNOS, NF‑κB, COX‑2 and ICAM‑1, and reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators. Casuarinin attenuates ethanol-induced activation of caspase‑3 and elevation of TNF‑α, inhibits the growth of Candida albicans, and inhibits HSV‑2. Casuarinin can be used in research related to mammary adenocarcinoma, inflammatory skin diseases, gastric ulcers, candidiasis and herpes simplex virus infections.

Sericoside is a triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory activity, can be isolated form Terminalia. Sericoside has a strong lipolytic activity. Sericoside can also reduce skin wrinkles and ameliorating skin texture.

Rhamnazin is an orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2 signaling with an IC₅₀ of 4.68 μM against VEGFR2 kinase. Rhamnazin shows potent antiangiogenic activity and antitumor efficacy. Rhamnazin shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Neochebulagic acid is isolated from Phyllanthus emblica L..

Eschweilenol C is a selective Plasmodium falciparum growth inhibitor. Eschweilenol C disrupts haemoglobin metabolism, reduces haemozoin production, kills Plasmodium falciparum ring and trophozoite stages. Eschweilenol C can be used for the research of inflammatory disorders and malaria.

(S)-(-)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine (Compound (S)-(−)-1) is a flavonoidal alkaloids. (S)-(-)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine is a potent CDK inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 0.03 and 0.05 μM for CDK1 and CDK5, respectively.

(R)-(+)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine is an inhibitor for Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). (R)-(+)-O-Demethylbuchenavianine inhibits CDK1, CDK5, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), cdc2-like kinase (CLK1) and dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), with IC₅₀s of 1.1, 0.95, >10, >10 and >10 μM, respectively.

Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (compound 2) is a kind of neolignan. Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol can be isolated from Anogeissus acuminata. Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol has specific cytotoxic activity on melanoma cancer cell line.

Phyllanemblinin F is a natural product that can be found in Phyllanthus emblica.

3,4,3'-Tri-O-methylflavellagic acid is a flavonoid inhibitor that targets αβ-tubulin (colchicine binding site) and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK-1), and can be isolated from the roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus. 3,4,3'-Tri-O-methylflavellagic acid interferes with microtubule assembly dynamics and kinase activity, exhibiting anti-cancer cell proliferation and potent anti-nociceptive effects.