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gut+microbiota

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

70

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1

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2

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2

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1

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7

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1

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0470
    Neomycin sulfate
    Maximum Cited Publications
    68 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Phospholipase Bacterial Infection Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin sulfate inhibits IP3-mediated Ca 2+ release, MgATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca 2+ transients. Neomycin sulfate depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin sulfate can be used for the research of cancer .
    Neomycin sulfate
  • HY-113270A
    Actinine chloride

    γ-Butyrobetaine chloride; Deoxycarnitine chloride

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Actinine (γ-Butyrobetaine) chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat.
    Actinine chloride
  • HY-N6871
    Abietic acid
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Bacterial IKK Ferroptosis Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis .
    Abietic acid
  • HY-N0010
    Geniposidic acid
    5+ Cited Publications

    		 FXR Sirtuin TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Metabolic Disease
    Geniposidic acid is an orally active FXR modulator and SIRT6 activator. Geniposidic acid binds to the Ser332 and His447 sites on the FXR ligand-binding domain, thereby driving nuclear translocation, coactivator recruitment, and transcription of downstream bile acid and cholesterol metabolism-related genes. Geniposidic acid improves metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease by activating the SIRT6 signaling pathway. Geniposidic acid inhibits inflammation and modulates gut microbiota to alleviate colitis. Geniposidic acid can be used in research on drug-induced liver injury, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-related steatohepatitis .
    Geniposidic acid
  • HY-N0515
    Ophiopogonin D
    1 Publications Verification

    		 PPAR NF-κB Calcium Channel Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ERK Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Ophiopogonin D can be isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a rare naturally occurring C29 steroidal glycoside. Ophiopogonin D is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα down-regulation, intracellular Ca 2+ overload and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by increasing the expression of CYP2J2/EETs and PPARα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ophiopogonin D can inhibit isteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Ophiopogonin D has protective effect as an antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury. Ophiopogonin D blocks ERK signaling cascades. Ophiopogonin D alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and changes the structure of gut microbiota in mice. Ophiopogonin D has been used against inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases .
    Ophiopogonin D
  • HY-125848
    Ginsenoside F2

    		Apoptosis AMPK PPAR p38 MAPK PI3K Akt GSK-3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) SOD Caspase Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota . Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma .
    Ginsenoside F2
  • HY-B0278
    Bacitracin Zinc
    1 Publications Verification

    Zinc bacitracin

    		 Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Bacterial Infection
    Bacitracin Zinc is a complex formed by the binding of Bacitracin (HY-107193) with zinc ions. Bacitracin Zinc is an orally active polypeptide antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Bacitracin Zinc can cause DNA and deoxyribose damage, as well as improve the gut microbiota of broiler and beef cattle .
    Bacitracin Zinc
  • HY-N2183
    Baimaside
    3 Publications Verification

    Quercetin 3-O-sophoroside

    		 SARS-CoV Infection Neurological Disease
    Baimaside (Quercetin 3-O-sophoroside) is a flavonoid cholinergic function modulator that binds to SARS-CoV-2-related targets. Baimaside regulates the expression of cholinergic system-related proteins and acetylcholine levels, improves scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment, protects hippocampal neurons, inhibits pollen protein fluorescence, and protects pollen DNA. Its biosynthesis is regulated by multiple enzymes. Baimaside is completely absorbed in rats, undergoes phase Ⅱ metabolism and gut microbiota decomposition, and inhibits the invasion and proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, making it suitable for research related to Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19 .
    Baimaside
  • HY-N0538
    Xylitol

    Xylite

    		 Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Autophagy Atg7 Atg8/LC3 Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model .
    Xylitol
  • HY-N0468
    Rebaudioside D
    1 Publications Verification

    		 FXR Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Metabolic Disease
    Rebaudioside D is an orally active sweetener that targets and activates FXR, modulates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, and inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Rebaudioside D regulates bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism, reduces the synthesis rates of fatty acids and cholesterol, and exerts multiple effects including anti-adipogenesis, hepatoprotection, anti-steatosis, gut microbiota modulation, enhancement of secondary bile acid metabolism, anti-endotoxin activity, regulation of bile acid transport, and inhibition of bile acid efflux. Rebaudioside D also reduces body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and decreases the circulating level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Rebaudioside D additionally enhances the secondary bile acid metabolic pathway of intestinal bacteria, upregulates the gene expression of ileal organic solute transporter α, and downregulates the gene expression of hepatic bile salt export pump. Rebaudioside D does not affect glucose homeostasis, alter total caloric intake or fecal energy excretion, induce weight gain, exacerbate obesity, promote hepatic steatosis, impair brown adipose tissue function, nor change skeletal muscle metabolism-related proteins. Rebaudioside D can be used in diet-induced obesity and obesity-related research .
    Rebaudioside D
  • HY-N3686
    D-Arabitol

    		AMPK PGC-1α Metabolic Disease
    D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research .
    D-Arabitol
  • HY-P10352A
    Pediocin PA 1 TFA

    		Bacterial Infection
    Pediocin PA-1 TFA is a class IIa bacteriocin that specifically binds to membrane proteins of susceptible Gram-positive bacteria (such as Listeria monocytogenes) to form voltage-independent hydrophilic pores, leading to dissipation of proton motive force, ATP depletion and cell death. Pediocin PA-1 TFA shows no significant activity against intact Gram-negative bacteria, strains carrying immunity genes and obligate anaerobic commensal gut microbiota, and its bactericidal function depends on the integrity of disulfide bonds, with activity lost upon reduction. Pediocin PA-1 TFA can be used not only as a food biopreservative but also for research on listeriosis .
    Pediocin PA 1 TFA
  • HY-150520
    Neomycin

    		Antibiotic Phospholipase Infection Cancer
    Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin inhibits IP3-mediated Ca 2+ release, MgATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca 2+ transients. Neomycin depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin can be used for the research of cancer .
    Neomycin
  • HY-B1134
    Imazalil
    1 Publications Verification

    Enilconazole

    		 Environmental Pollutants Fungal Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Infection
    Imazalil (Enilconazole) is a fungicide. Imazalil has oral activity and strongly activates mPXR but not mCAR in mouse liver. Imazalil is commonly used to protect various agricultural crops against fungal attack. Imazalil induces developmental abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and hepatic metabolism disorder .
    Imazalil
  • HY-N0299
    Stachyose hydrate
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Stachyose hydrate is an orally active prebiotic that enhances the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria. Stachyose hydrate has hypoglycemic effects and can improve inflammation by regulating gut microbiota. In addition, Stachyose hydrate can induce plant cell apoptosis (Apoptosis). Stachyose hydrate can be used in research on inflammation, gastrointestinal diseases, and agriculture .
    Stachyose hydrate
  • HY-W032915
    5-Phenylvaleric acid

    5-Phenylpentanoic acid

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Others
    5-Phenylvaleric acid (5-Phenylpentanoic acid) is a major metabolite produced by the gut microbiota during the metabolism of flavan-3-ols and can serve as a biomarker for flavan-3-ol intake. 5-Phenylvaleric acid can also be used as a raw material for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates .
    5-Phenylvaleric acid
  • HY-P9929
    Bezlotoxumab
    1 Publications Verification

    BLA761046; MBL-CDB1; MDX-1388

    		 Bacterial Infection
    Bezlotoxumab (BLA761046; MBL-CDB1; MDX-1388) is a fully humanized IgG1/kappa monoclonal antibody directed against Clostridium difficile toxin B. Bezlotoxumab mediates the early reconstitution of gut microbiota to reduce the risk of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Bezlotoxumab can be used for the study of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection prevention .
    Bezlotoxumab
  • HY-N2217
    Rotundic acid

    		Akt mTOR p38 MAPK Apoptosis Phosphatase Interleukin Related NF-κB PI3K Keap1-Nrf2 Heme Oxygenase (HO) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Rotundic acid is an orally effective triterpenoid with a Kd value of 51.3 µM for PTP1B. Rotundic acid downregulates the AKT/mTOR pro-survival pathway and modulates the MAPK pathway. Rotundic acid induces cell cycle S-phase arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis; it inhibits migration, invasion, angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells. Rotundic acid improves leptin sensitivity, regulates gut microbiota and reduces cellular senescence. Rotundic acid can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, obesity, aging, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes .
    Rotundic acid
  • HY-N0237
    Atractyloside A
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 NF-κB Mitochondrial Metabolism Interleukin Related Aquaporin Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Atractyloside A is an orally active inhibitor of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and also an opener of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Atractyloside A interferes with the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thereby inhibiting intestinal inflammatory responses. Atractyloside A reverses mucin synthesis impairment, improves intestinal barrier integrity, and restores homeostasis by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Atractyloside A can be used in studies related to spleen deficiency diarrhea and myocardial injury .
    Atractyloside A
  • HY-N1976
    (+)-(3R,8S)-Falcarindiol
    1 Publications Verification

    (3R,8S)-Falcarindiol; 3(R),8(S),9(Z)-Falcarindiol

    		 Infection Cancer
    (+)-(3R,8S)-Falcarindiol ((3R,8S)-Falcarindiol; 3 (R),8 (S),9 (Z)-Falcarindiol) is an orally active polyacetylene anti-mycobacterial agent. (+)-(3R,8S)-Falcarindiol exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. Co-administration of (+)-(3R,8S)-Falcarindiol with (3R)-falcarinol alters the composition of gut microbiota, reduces colonic tumor lesions and slows down polyp growth. (+)-(3R,8S)-Falcarindiol can be used in research related to tuberculosis and colorectal cancer .
    (+)-(3R,8S)-Falcarindiol
  • HY-B1752
    Quinpirole
    4 Publications Verification

    LY 171555; (-)-LY 141865

    		 Dopamine Receptor Calcium Channel Bcl-2 Family iGluR Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Quinpirole (LY 171555; (-)-LY 141865) is a D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist and a CaV1.3 calcium channel modulator. Quinpirole normalizes dendritic spine density in dopamine-depleted striatum, upregulates the protein expression of BCL2 and GluR2, downregulates the protein expression of BAX, and delays the onset of seizures. Quinpirole enhances learning and memory, inhibits neuronal apoptosis (apoptosis), and induces anxiety-like, stereotyped, and compulsive behaviors. Quinpirole disrupts prepulse inhibition in rhesus monkeys, enhances the activity of paraventricular thalamic neurons to promote recovery from Isoflurane anesthesia, and alters the composition of the gut microbiota in rats. Quinpirole can be used in research related to dyskinesia, pain, epilepsy, and neurological disorders including anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia .
    Quinpirole
  • HY-N2896
    Arjunolic acid

    		Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Fungal Bacterial NF-κB SOD AMPK mTOR Notch Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Wnt MyD88 Sirtuin Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Arjunolic acid is an orally active, multifunctional bioactive compound. Arjunolic acid exhibits free radical scavenging activity, as well as fungal and bacterial activities. Arjunolic acid induces apoptosis (Apoptosis) in various cancer cells. Arjunolic acid protects hepatocytes against induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Arjunolic acid regulates pancreatic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats by blocking the activation of the TLR-4/MyD88 and canonical Wnt pathways. Arjunolic acid inhibits neuroinflammation and ameliorates depressive behaviors via the SIRT1/AMPK/Notch1 signaling pathway in microglia. Arjunolic acid improves Crohn's disease-like colitis by restoring gut microbiota composition and inhibiting TLR4 signaling. Arjunolic acid suppresses osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting Wnt3a-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages. Arjunolic acid ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via the autophagy pathway regulated by AMPK/mTOR/HO-1. Arjunolic acid is applicable to research related to type 2 diabetes, organ toxicity, depression, Crohn's disease, osteosarcoma, diabetic retinopathy, and testicular dysfunction .
    Arjunolic acid
  • HY-128442
    Phenyl sulfate

    Phenyl hydrogen sulfate

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Phenyl sulfate is an orally active gut microbiota-derived metabolite. Phenyl sulfate induces albuminuria and podocyte damage in experimental models of diabetes. Phenyl sulfate can be used as a disease marker in diabetic kidney disease .
    Phenyl sulfate
  • HY-W423191
    Maltobionic acid

    4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid

    		 Nuclear Factor of activated T Cells (NFAT) Bacterial Infection Metabolic Disease
    Maltobionic acid (4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) is an orally active oligosaccharide and iron chelator with antibacterial activity. Maltobionic acid inhibits the expression of NFATc1, suppresses osteoclast differentiation, inhibits bone resorption, and increases serum calcitonin levels. Maltobionic acid protects mammalian cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage; resists fermentation by the gut microbiota; and exhibits anti-digestive and anti-fermentative properties. Maltobionic acid can be used in research related to osteoporosis, bacterial infections, and constipation .
    Maltobionic acid
  • HY-P10352
    Pediocin PA 1

    		Bacterial Infection
    Pediocin PA 1 is a class IIa bacteriocin that specifically binds to membrane proteins of susceptible Gram-positive bacteria (such as Listeria monocytogenes) to form voltage-independent hydrophilic pores, leading to dissipation of proton motive force, ATP depletion and cell death. Pediocin PA 1 shows no significant activity against intact Gram-negative bacteria, strains carrying immunity genes and obligate anaerobic commensal gut microbiota, and its bactericidal function depends on the integrity of disulfide bonds, with activity lost upon reduction. Pediocin PA 1 can be used not only as a food biopreservative but also for research on listeriosis .
    Pediocin PA 1
  • HY-W013636C
    2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
    5+ Cited Publications

    Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid potassium

    		 Tyrosinase Endogenous Metabolite TNF Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) (potassium) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium is a reversible and orally active inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 15 mM. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium significantly suppresses abnormal intestinal permeability, delocalization of tight junction proteins from the intestinal cells, expression of TNFα in vitro and in vivo. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium directly binds to TAK1, and inhibits the TRAF6-TAK1 interaction. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium also alleviates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms and gut microbiota dysbiosis, evident by the improvements in the intestine length .
    2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
  • HY-103249
    Reutericyclin

    Reutericycline

    		 Bacterial Infection Metabolic Disease
    Reutericyclin (Reutericycline) is an orally active antibacterial and anti-obesity agent that selectively inhibits Gram-positive bacteria. By selectively dissipating transmembrane potential, Reutericyclin exerts non-lytic bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus, and rapidly kills vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium difficile. Reutericyclin possesses favorable properties including resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis, iron-chelating function, and poor absorption by colonic epithelium. Reutericyclin not only eradicates staphylococcal biofilms and inhibits drug-resistant strains, but also counteracts Risperidone (HY-11018)-induced weight gain by inducing changes in gut microbiota composition and restoring energy utilization efficiency. Reutericyclin can be used in research related to Clostridium difficile infection, Risperidone-induced weight gain, and staphylococcal superficial skin infections .
    Reutericyclin
  • HY-Y1322
    Triphenyl phosphate

    		Environmental Pollutants Mitophagy Apoptosis NF-κB p38 MAPK ERK JNK PI3K Akt Monoamine Oxidase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) PPAR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
    Triphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring .
    Triphenyl phosphate
  • HY-N4075
    O-Desmethylangolensin

    		Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease Cancer
    O-Desmethylangolensin is a metabolite of soy isoflavone, daidzein metabolized by gut microbiota. O-Desmethylangolensin possesses antioxidant activity .
    O-Desmethylangolensin
  • HY-113270AS
    Actinine-d9 chloride

    γ-Butyrobetaine-d9 hydrochloride; Deoxycarnitine-d9 hydrochloride

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Actinine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled Actinine chloride. Actinine chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat .
    Actinine-d9 chloride
  • HY-148044
    UNC10201652

    		β-glucuronidase Bacterial Infection
    UNC10201652 is a potent Loop 1 (L1)-specific gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUSs) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.117 μM for E. coli GUS. UNC10201652 can block SN-38 glucuronide (HY-126373) processing only in individuals whose fecal gut microbiota is highly abundant in L1 GUS enzymes .
    UNC10201652
  • HY-N3686R
    D-Arabitol (Standard)

    		Reference Standards AMPK PGC-1α Metabolic Disease
    D-Arabitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Arabitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
    D-Arabitol (Standard)
  • HY-W020788
    Benoxacor

    CGA 154281

    		 Environmental Pollutants Glutathione S-transferase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) FXR Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Benoxacor (CGA 154281) is a herbicide safener and xenobiotic metabolism regulator. Benoxacor protects maize from the toxicity of metolachlor mainly by inducing detoxifying enzymes such as Glutathione S-transferase. Benoxacor also activates FXR, PXR and ERRα, and inhibits aromatase (aromatase). However, Benoxacor exhibits potential subacute oral toxicity and a high risk of hepatotoxicity in animal models. Benoxacor induces reactive oxygen species accumulation, interferes with embryonic heart development, and causes increased liver and kidney weights as well as alterations in gut microbiota in mice. Benoxacor can be used in studies related to hepatic steatosis, infertility, breast cancer and developmental toxicity .
    Benoxacor
  • HY-N7635
    Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside

    β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate

    		 NO Synthase COX Interleukin Related Claudin p38 MAPK Akt PI3K Inflammation/Immunology
    Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anti-inflammatory effects. In ulcerative colitis models, Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can inhibit the inflammatory response, enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and modulate the gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action is related to the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in the research of diseases such as colitis .
    Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-W015229R
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard)

    Indole-3-propionic acid (Standard); 3-IPA (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Indolepropionic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. In Vitro: 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease . 3-Indolepropionic acid is a more potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals than melatonin. Similar to melatonin but unlike other antioxidants, 3-Indolepropionic acid scavenges radicals without subsequently generating reactive and pro-oxidant intermediate compounds . It is also suggested that indolepropionic acid, a gut microbiota-produced metabolite, is a potential biomarker for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that may mediate its protective effect by preservation of β-cell function .
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N12378
    β-Patchoulene

    		NF-κB Toll-like Receptor (TLR) PKA Epigenetic Reader Domain Keap1-Nrf2 Sirtuin AMPK Caspase FASTK ERK ROCK Apoptosis Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    β-Patchoulene is an orally active anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent. β-Patchoulene inhibits the NF-κB, TLR4, and cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathways; activates the Sirt1/Nrf2 and AMPK signaling pathways; and targets Fas/FasL, Caspase-3, ERK1/2, ROCK1/MLC2 for inhibition. β-Patchoulene regulates cytokine secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, lipid peroxidation, cell polarization, gut microbiota, and lipid metabolism, restores barrier function, mitochondrial function, and cell viability, and exhibits repellent activity against Spodoptera exigua larvae. β-Patchoulene can be used in research related to various inflammatory, ischemic, fibrosis-associated diseases, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma .
    β-Patchoulene
  • HY-135319
    Strictinin

    		Bacterial Antibiotic ERK JNK NF-κB ROR Apoptosis Caspase GSK-3 Akt PI3K Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Strictinin is an orally active phenolic compound. Strictinin reduces xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid production, and the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome components in hepatocytes treated with Xanthine (HY-W017389). Strictinin decreases elevated serum uric acid levels and enhanced xanthine oxidase activity in mice treated with potassium oxonate. Strictinin acts as a ROR1 inhibitor and exhibits anticancer activity against highly aggressive non-androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Strictinin induces cancer cell apoptosis (apoptosis), arrests cell cycle, and inhibits cancer cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Strictinin modulates gut microbiota, inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm formation, accelerates small intestinal transit, and blocks viral entry and replication. Strictinin can be used in research related to hyperuricemia, androgen receptor-negative non-androgen-dependent prostate cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, bacterial infections, constipation, coronavirus infections, dental caries, and infections caused by influenza A, influenza B, and human parainfluenza virus type 1 .
    Strictinin
  • HY-N8049
    Urolithin M7

    		Endogenous Metabolite Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Urolithin M7 is an orally active metabolite, which is generated through gut microbiota metabolism. Urolithin M7 inhibits oxidative stress and modulates inflammatory signaling pathways. Urolithin M7 is promising for research of gut microbiota metabolism and cardiovascular diseases .
    Urolithin M7
  • HY-113270AR
    Actinine chloride (Standard)

    γ-Butyrobetaine chloride (Standard); Deoxycarnitine chloride (Standard)

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Actinine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Actinine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Actinine (γ-Butyrobetaine) chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat.
    Actinine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-W509797
    5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone

    		Drug Metabolite Inflammation/Immunology
    5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone is a gut microbiota metabolite of (-)-Epicatechin (HY-N0001). 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone exhibits antioxidant activity .
    5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone
  • HY-N6612B
    Glucuronic acid sodium
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Bacterial Inflammation/Immunology
    Glucuronic acid sodium is a polysaccharide that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, supporting the healing of ulcerative colitis. Glucuronic acid sodium also enhances the intestinal barrier by upregulating tight junction proteins like ZO-1 and Occludin. Furthermore, Glucuronic acid sodium plays a role in modulating gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacterial populations while suppressing harmful ones.
    Glucuronic acid sodium
  • HY-B1134A
    Imazalil sulfate
    1 Publications Verification

    Enilconazolel sulfate

    		 Environmental Pollutants Fungal Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Infection
    Imazalil (Enilconazole) sulfate is a fungicide. Imazalil sulfate has oral activity and strongly activates mPXR but not mCAR in mouse liver. Imazalil sulfate is commonly used to protect various agricultural crops against fungal attack. Imazalil sulfate induces developmental abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and hepatic metabolism disorder .
    Imazalil sulfate
  • HY-N0515R
    Ophiopogonin D (Standard)

    		Reference Standards PPAR NF-κB Calcium Channel ERK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Ophiopogonin D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ophiopogonin D. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ophiopogonin D can be isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a rare naturally occurring C29 steroidal glycoside. Ophiopogonin D is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα down-regulation, intracellular Ca2+ overload and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by increasing the expression of CYP2J2/EETs and PPARα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ophiopogonin D can inhibit isteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Ophiopogonin D has protective effect as an antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury. Ophiopogonin D blocks ERK signaling cascades. Ophiopogonin D alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and changes the structure of gut microbiota in mice. Ophiopogonin D has been used against inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases .
    Ophiopogonin D (Standard)
  • HY-125120
    Kansuiphorin C
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Bacterial Others
    Kansuiphorin C ameliorates malignant ascites by modulating gut microbiota and related metabolic functions .
    Kansuiphorin C
  • HY-161178
    LK-60

    		Bacterial Infection
    LK-60 is a potent DprE1 inhibitor. LK-60 effectively inhibits the proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. LK-60 has good safety profiles to gut microbiota and human cells .
    LK-60
  • HY-W740611
    Trihydroxycoprostane

    		Drug Intermediate Inflammation/Immunology
    Trihydroxycoprostane (THCP) is a polyhydroxysterane compound with a 5β configuration. ITrihydroxycoprostane acts as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and also serves as an important sterol metabolite generated by host-gut microbiota interactions. Trihydroxycoprostane can be used for mechanistic studies of diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and bile acid metabolism disorders .
    Trihydroxycoprostane
  • HY-178748
    PKM2-IN-12

    		Pyruvate Kinase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Cancer
    PKM2-IN-12 is an orally active PKM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM. PKM2-IN-12 inhibits COLO-205 cell proliferation and migration, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. PKM2-IN-12 significantly reduces cellular levels of lactate, pyruvate, and ROS. PKM2-IN-12 directly kills cancer cells and restores disrupted gut microbiota balance in mice model. PKM2-IN-12 can be used to study colorectal cancer .
    PKM2-IN-12
  • HY-W342283
    Diminazene

    		Parasite Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Angiotensin Receptor p38 MAPK STAT NF-κB TNF Receptor 5-HT Receptor Cardiovascular Disease Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Diminazene is an antiparasitic agent widely used to treat parasitic diseases caused by hemoparasites (such as trypanosomes and babesia). Diminazene acts as an ACE2 activator and exerts cardiovascular protective effects by activating the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. By regulating gut microbiota-tryptophan metabolism, Diminazene inhibits the activation of core inflammatory signaling pathways including MAPK, STAT and NF-κB, increases central 5-HT levels, and suppresses splenic TNF-α production, thereby alleviating systemic inflammation .
    Diminazene
  • HY-Y1322S
    Triphenyl phosphate-d15

    Celluflex TPP-d15; DHPF 005-d15; Disflamol TP-d15; Disflamoll TP-d15; NSC 57868-d15; Phenyl phosphate ((PhO)3PO)-d15; Phoscon FR 903N-d15

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Environmental Pollutants ERK Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) p38 MAPK NF-κB Akt Monoamine Oxidase Mitophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) JNK PI3K PPAR Apoptosis Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
    Triphenyl phosphate-d15 is the deuterium labeled Triphenyl phosphate. Triphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring.
    Triphenyl phosphate-d15
  • HY-W020788R
    Benoxacor (Standard)

    CGA 154281 (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Glutathione S-transferase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) FXR Others
    Benoxacor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benoxacor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benoxacor (CGA 154281) is a herbicide safener and xenobiotic metabolism regulator. Benoxacor protects maize from the toxicity of metolachlor mainly by inducing detoxifying enzymes such as Glutathione S-transferase. Benoxacor also activates FXR, PXR and ERRα, and inhibits aromatase (aromatase). However, Benoxacor exhibits potential subacute oral toxicity and a high risk of hepatotoxicity in animal models. Benoxacor induces reactive oxygen species accumulation, interferes with embryonic heart development, and causes increased liver and kidney weights as well as alterations in gut microbiota in mice. Benoxacor can be used in studies related to hepatic steatosis, infertility, breast cancer and developmental toxicity .
    Benoxacor (Standard)

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