2. Apoptosis PI3K/Akt/mTOR Epigenetics Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Metabolic Enzyme/Protease MAPK/ERK Pathway Stem Cell/Wnt NF-κB Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Apoptosis AMPK PPAR p38 MAPK PI3K Akt GSK-3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) SOD Caspase
  4. Ginsenoside F2

Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota. Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Ginsenoside F2

Ginsenoside F2 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 62025-49-4

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Ginsenoside F2:

Ginsenoside F2 Related Antibodies

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota[2]. Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-100 μM; 2-8 days) inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and reduces lipid accumulation[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (100 μM; during differentiation treatment) alters the expression of adipogenesis-related genes in MDI-induced differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, including upregulating the expression of Grin2d, Pik3cd, MMP9 and Hhip, downregulating the expression of key adipogenic genes such as PPARγ, FASN and ACC, and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in cells[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (100 μM; 15-180 min) activates the AMPK pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (100 μM; 24 h) significantly reduces the viability of IR-HepG2 cells[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) dose-dependently promotes glucose uptake in IR-HepG2 cells[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) dose-dependently upregulates the mRNA expression of GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 in IR-HepG2 cells, and inhibits gluconeogenesis by reducing the mRNA expression of PEPCK and G6Pase[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) alleviates oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells by reducing ROS production and MDA levels, as well as restoring SOD activity[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) promotes glycogen synthesis and increases glycogen content in IR-HepG2 cells, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway, and elevates the phosphorylation levels of PDK1, AKT and GSK-3β[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (12.5-50 μM; 12 h) dose-dependently inhibits the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in high glucose-induced IR-HepG2 cells[3].
Ginsenoside F2 (80 μM; 24 h) induces apoptosis and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (80 μM; 24 h) induces DNA damage in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, and increases the signal intensity of γH2AX[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (80 μM; 24 h) impairs mitochondrial function in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, which is specifically characterized by a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h) upregulates the mRNA expression of p21 and downregulates the mRNA expression of GLRX in a concentration-dependent manner in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h) inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in human glioblastoma U373 and Hs683 cells, impairs mitochondrial function, and significantly reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular NAD+ levels[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h) disrupts the intracellular redox balance in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, and reduces the GSH/GSSG ratio[4].
Ginsenoside F2 (20-80 μM; 24 h treatment) induces energy stress in human glioblastoma cell lines U373 and Hs683, which is characterized by a concentration-dependent increase in phosphorylated AMPK levels[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Ginsenoside F2 Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Concentration: 12.5-100 μM (basic DMEM medium); 12.5-100 μM (MDI medium)
Incubation Time: 48 h (basic DMEM medium); 48 h (MDI medium)
Result: Showed no effect on cell viability in basic DMEM medium at all tested concentrations.
Significantly reduced cell viability in MDI medium at 100 μM compared to the MDI-only group.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Concentration: 100 μM
Incubation Time: 15, 30, 60, 180 min
Result: Enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in cells incubated for >30 min. Showed that co-treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C did not reduce Ginsenoside F2-induced AMPK phosphorylation.

Cell Viability Assay[3]

Cell Line: IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration: 0, 12.5, 25, 50 100 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly reduced viability of IR-HepG2 cells at 100 μM.

Immunofluorescence[3]

Cell Line: IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration: 12.5, 25, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h
Result: Enhanced the fluorescent intensity of 2-NBDG.

Real Time qPCR[3]

Cell Line: IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration: 12.5, 25, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h
Result: Upregulated mRNA levels of GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 in a dose-dependent manner. Downregulated mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase in a dose-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis[3]

Cell Line: IR-HepG2 cells
Concentration: 12.5, 25, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h
Result: Increased phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, and GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner. Reversed the high glucose-induced suppression of PDK1, AKT, and GSK-3β phosphorylation.
Resulted in GSK-3β phosphorylation levels exceeding those of the normal control group at 50 μM.、

Immunofluorescence[4]

Cell Line: U373 , Hs683 cell
Concentration: 80 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly increased the percentage of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells.\n
Significantly increased relative γH2AX fluorescence signal intensities.\n
Significantly reduced relative TMRE fluorescence signal intensities.

Real Time qPCR[4]

Cell Line: U373 , Hs683 cell
Concentration: 20, 40, 80 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Increased relative p21 mRNA expression. Downregulated relative GLRX mRNA expression.

Western Blot Analysis[4]

Cell Line: U373 , Hs683 cell
Concentration: 20, 40, 80 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Increased relative phosphorylated AMPK band intensities in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines.
In Vivo

Ginsenoside F2 (50-100 mg/kg; intragastric administration; once daily for 4 consecutive weeks) reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in male C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity, while activating the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes[1].
Ginsenoside F2 (50 mg/kg; p.o.; daily administration; 27 days) significantly alleviates Dermatophagoides farinae extract-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice by suppressing cutaneous and systemic inflammation, reshaping the gut microbiota to enrich propionate-producing bacteria, and increasing propionate levels in feces and serum[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6J (male, 4 weeks old, initial weight 20 g, high-fat diet-induced obesity)[1]
Dosage: 50 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration: i.g.; daily; 4 weeks
Result: Increased body weight and decreased epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric adipose tissue weight and body fat percentage.
Decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels in mice at the 100 mg/kg dose.
Decreased adipocyte volume in epididymal adipose tissue in mice at both doses.
Increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (including SOD1, SOD2, and GSH-Px) in the liver of mice at the 100 mg/kg dose.
Decreased mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes (including PPARγ, FASN, and Adipoq) in the liver of mice at the 100 mg/kg dose.
Increased hepatic AMPK and ACC phosphorylation levels in the 100 mg/kg dose group.
Animal Model: BALB/c (female, 4 weeks old, SPF conditions)[2]
Dosage: 50 mg/kg
Administration: i.g.; daily; 27 days
Result: Improved atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation and ear tissue thickening, reducing the thickness of the epidermis and dermis in the ear tissue, and decreasing the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells.
Decreased serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and reduced serum concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-31, IL-17A, and CCL2.
Downregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-31, IL-17A, and CCL2 in the ear tissue.
Inhibited the expression of NF-κB protein in the ear tissue and increased the expression of IκB-α protein.
Altered the gut microbiota composition (α-diversity indicators showed no significant change, but β-diversity characteristics were significantly altered).
Increased the abundance of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Lactobacillus plantarum in the gut.
Increases the concentration of propionic acid in feces and serum, and also increases the concentrations of isobutyric acid, monomethylbutyric acid, and isovaleric acid in feces.
Decreases the serum levels of various medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids.
Molecular Weight

785.01

Formula

C42H72O13
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[C@@]([C@@]12C)(CC[C@@]3([H])C4(C)C)[C@@](C[C@@H](O)[C@]1([H])[C@]([C@@](CC/C=C(C)/C)(C)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]5CO)([H])CC2)([H])[C@]3(CC[C@@H]4O[C@]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O)([H])O[C@@H]6CO)C
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (63.69 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.2739 mL 6.3693 mL 12.7387 mL
5 mM 0.2548 mL 1.2739 mL 2.5477 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.18 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
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+
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.92%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (254 KB) HNMR (110 KB) RP-HPLC (195 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 1.2739 mL 6.3693 mL 12.7387 mL 31.8467 mL
5 mM 0.2548 mL 1.2739 mL 2.5477 mL 6.3693 mL
10 mM 0.1274 mL 0.6369 mL 1.2739 mL 3.1847 mL
15 mM 0.0849 mL 0.4246 mL 0.8492 mL 2.1231 mL
20 mM 0.0637 mL 0.3185 mL 0.6369 mL 1.5923 mL
25 mM 0.0510 mL 0.2548 mL 0.5095 mL 1.2739 mL
30 mM 0.0425 mL 0.2123 mL 0.4246 mL 1.0616 mL
40 mM 0.0318 mL 0.1592 mL 0.3185 mL 0.7962 mL
50 mM 0.0255 mL 0.1274 mL 0.2548 mL 0.6369 mL
60 mM 0.0212 mL 0.1062 mL 0.2123 mL 0.5308 mL
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Ginsenoside F2 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Ginsenoside F262025-49-4Ginsenoside F 2Ginsenoside F-2ApoptosisAMPKPPARp38 MAPKPI3KAktGSK-3Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)SODCaspaseAMP-activated protein kinasePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsPhosphoinositide 3-kinasePKBProtein kinase BGlycogen synthase kinase-3Glycogen synthase kinase 3Superoxide Dismutase3T3-L1 preadipocytesIR-HepG2 cellU373 cellHs683 cellC57BL/6J miceBALB/c miceinsulin resistanceobesityatopic dermatitisliver cancerglioblastomaglioma
Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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