From 11:00 pm to 12:00 pm EST ( 8:00 pm to 9:00 pm PST ) on January 6th, the website will be under maintenance. We are sorry for the inconvenience. Please arrange your schedule properly.
Superoxide dismutase, Porcine erythrocytes (SOD) is the only antioxidant enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion by converting this free radical to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thus preventing peroxynitrite production and further damage. Superoxide dismutase, Porcine erythrocytes is extensively researched and used in anti-inflammatory, antitumor, radiation protection, and antisenility applications .
HKSOX-1 is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1 exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical .
Rucosopasem manganese (GC4711) is a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Rucosopasem manganese can be used for the research of cancer .
Aristololactam IIIa exhibits significant inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.20 μg/mL, respectively .
HKSOX-1r (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1r (5/6-mixture) exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical .
Isorabaichromone is a potent antioxidant agent. Isorabaichromone shows a potent antioxidative activity and exhibits DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities .
Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation .
Asperlactone has anti-inflammatory activity. Asperlactone inhibits superoxide anion generation. Asperlactone is a fungal metabolite that can be isolated from isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus .
Tempone-H may be used as a spin trap in chemical and biological systems to quantify peroxynitrite and superoxide radical formation. Ferric and cupric ions are effective oxidants of Tempone-H .
MitoPQ is a mitochondria-targeted redox cycler. MitoPQ produces superoxide by redox cycling at the flavin site of complex I, selectively increasing superoxide production within mitochondria. MitoPQ can be used in antioxidant study .
Manganese(salen) chloride (EUK-8), a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, is an antioxidant with oxyradical scavenging properties. Manganese(salen) chloride ameliorates acute lung injury in endotoxemic swine .
S3QEL-2, a suppressor of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III, potently and selectively suppresses site IIIQo superoxide production (IC50=1.7 μM). S3QEL-2 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation, and normal electron flux. S3QEL-2 inhibits HIF-1α accumulation .
L 012 sodium salt a luminol-based chemiluminescent (CL) probe, is widely used in vitro and in vivo to detect NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide (O2 •−) and identify Nox inhibitors .
3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid can be extracted from Chrysanthemum morifolium. 3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid has antioxidant activities. 3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid can scavenge DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical, with IC50s of 5.6 and 2.9 μg/mL respectively .
TMV-IN-4 (compound 3) is a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor that effectively induces resistance and enhances plant tolerance to TMV infection by interacting with TMV helicase. TMV-IN-4 enhances peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, thereby increasing resistance to TMV in tobacco .
BMPO (BocMPO) is a cell-permeable superior spin trap with favorable chemical and spectroscopic features. BMPO (BocMPO) can be used for detecting thiyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions and glutathiyl radicals .
CYPMPO is a spin-trapping reagent. CYPMPO, a cyclic DEPMPO-type nitrone, is evaluated for spin-trapping capabilities toward hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activity .
Curculigoside C is a phenolic glucoside with potent antioxidative and neuroprotective activities. Curculigoside C shows IC50 values of 0.25 mM and 0.88 mM for hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively .
Thonningianin A, an ellagitannin, is isolated from the methanolic extract of the African medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea. The antioxidant properties of Th A involve radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation. Anti-cancer activities .
NIR-FP is a near-infrared fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity for superoxide anion O 2-. O 2- is the main precursor of ROS, and ferroptosis-mediated epilepsy models can be dynamically tracked by detecting O 2-. Ferroptosis-mediated epilepsy models include: kainic acid (HY-N2309)-induced chronic epilepsy model, Pentylenetetrazole-induced acute epilepsy model, and pilocarpine (HY-B0726A)-induced epilepsy model .
Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural flavonoid with antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits reverse transcriptase, protein-tyrosine kinase and xanthine oxidase, and also shows anti-HIV, antiarteriosclerotic, and superoxide scavenging activities .
Avasopasem manganese (GC4419; M-40419) is a potent superoxide dismutase mimetic that rapidly and specifically converts O2*- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), arresting the initiation of this cascade. Avasopasem manganese can be used for the research of severe oral mucositis (SOM) and cancer .
Nexinhib20 is a specific Rab27a-JFC1 interaction inhibitor with a calculated IC50 of 2.6 μM. Nexinhib20 significantly inhibits superoxide anion production. Nexinhib20 efficiently decreases exocytosis of azurophilic granules in neutrophils stimulated with fMLP, GM-CSF or both. Nexinhib20 has a significant anti-inflammatory activity .
Cedrin is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Cedrus deodara. Cedrin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. Cedrin can reduce reactive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content .
MnTBAP chloride is a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and peroxynitrite scavenger. MnTBAP chloride is a manganic porphyrin complex and has anti-oxidative property. MnTBAP chloride mediates anti-inflammatory effects through upregulation of BMPR-II and inhibition of the NFκB signaling. MnTBAP chloride has the potential for the fibrotic response in chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) research .
Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from Quercus dentata. Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside suppresses the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid .
MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) can prevent the oxidation of MitoSOX Red. Excitation/emission wavelength: 510/580 nm.
ATN-224 is an oral Cu 2+/Zn 2+-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor. ATN-224 inhibits SOD1 activity in endothelial cells, an effect that is dose dependent with an IC50 of 17.5±3.7 nM.
AEOL-10150 pentachloride is a metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidant and is a superoxide dismutase mimetic, and protects lungs from radiation-induced injury .
19-epi-Scholaricine is an orally active indole alkaloid that downregulates the expression of collagen fibrosis and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities .
EUK-134, a synthetic superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, protects rat kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage. EUK-134 is a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics (SODm) with catalase activity. EUK-134 is a mitoprotective antioxidant. EUK-134 reduces the expression of NF-κB, MDA level, and protein carbonylation in H9C2 cells .
Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is an effective antioxidant, which reduces superoxide and improves nitric oxide (NO) function in diabetic rat mesenteric arteries .
Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that possesses superoxide and alkyl radical scavenging properties. Mito-TEMPO helps protect against oxidative damage to the mitochondria .
3'-O-Methylmurraol is a coumarinthat can be found in Cnidium monnieri. 3'-O-Methylmurraol inhibits superoxide radical anion generation and elastase release .
CMB-087229 is a mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein aggregation inhibitor with IC50 of 67 nM, which can be used in the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .
Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, isolated from Anemarrhenae rhizome, inhibits N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation. Anemarrhenasaponin Ia is an useful anti-inflammation reagent .
Tempol-d17 is the deuterium labeled Tempol[1]. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3].
Tsugaric acid A can significantly inhibit superoxide anion formation. Tsugaric acid A also protects human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light. Tsugaric acid A can protect keratinocytes from photodamage.
Tempol-d17, 15N is the deuterium labeled Tempol[1]. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3].
NUCC-0000323 is a potent superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor. NUCC-0000323 inhibits SOD1 expression. NUCC-0000323 can be used in research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) .
D-SNAP (S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) can Generate nitric oxide and form superoxides spontaneously under physiological conditions and is often used to probe the cell stress response and stimulate calcium-independent synaptic vesicle release.
6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside is a secoiridoid isolated from the roots of G. straminea. 6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside strongly suppresses N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation .
Tofersen (BIIB067) is an antisense oligonucleotide that mediates RNase H-dependent degradation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mRNA to reduce the synthesis of SOD1 protein. Tofersen can be used for the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) .
(S)-4-Methoxydalbergione can be isolated from Dalbergia odorifera. (S)-4-Methoxydalbergione has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity. (S)-4-Methoxydalbergione inhibits superoxide formation .
Mulberroside F is one of the main bioactive constituents in mulberry (Morus alba L.) . Mulberroside F shows inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation. Mulberroside F also exhibits superoxide scavenging activity that is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation .
Tiron is a non-toxic chelator of a variety of metals. Tiron is cell permeable analog of vitamin E and function as
hydroxyl radical and superoxide scavenger. Tiron is an orally active antioxidant. Tiron can be used to alleviate acute metal overload in animals .
Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibits superoxide anion (O2 U?) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells. Isopedicin increases cAMP formation and PKA activity in FMLP-activated cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity .
Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect .
CHS-111 is a benzyl indazole inhibitor of superoxide anion O 2- generation. CHS-111 inhibits the cell migration, and reduces the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipase D activity, with the IC50 of 3.9 μM .
Lucigenin is a chemiluminescence probe. Lucigenin can be used to detect the production of endogenous superoxide anion radical (O 2-). Lucigenin is extremely sensitive to chloride ions, while it combined with chloride ions, the fluorescence will be quenched. Lucigenin also can be used as a chloride indicator. Ex/Em=455/505 nm .
1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn glycerol is a synthetic, cell permeable diacylglycerol analog. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn glycerol activates calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) and induces the superoxide-production.
Chalcone dibromide is a useful synthon in the synthesis of a large number of bioactive molecules such as pyrazolines, hydroxy pyrazolines, isoxazoles etc. Chalcone dibromide possesses antioxidant effects against tumor cells by inhibiting superoxide production and lipid peroxidation. Chalcone dibromide can be used for cancer disease research .
RS 23597-190 (EP-A-501322) is a high affinity and selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. RS 23597-190 inhibits 5-HT-induced tachycardia. RS 23597-190 significantly inhibits superoxide production in high glucose .
Zineb is an agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. Its toxicity is relatively low, and there is little evidence of human harm from exposure. Oxidative stress is one of the main factors contributing to diseases caused by Zineb. Zineb does not alter the activity of any superoxide dismutase enzymes. Catalase (CAT) activity was reduced only by Zineb.
Prostaglandin E2 serinol amide is a weak inhibitor of the hydrolysis of [3H]2-oleoylglycerol. Prostaglandin E2 serinol amide is non-hydrolyzable to produce PGE2 and thus cannot inhibit leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, superoxide production, migration and antimicrobial peptide release .
Coelenterazine is a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase. Renilla luciferase and substrate coelenterazine has been used as the bioluminescence donor in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe and it can also be used in chemiluminescent detection of peroxynitrite .
Tempo is a nitric oxide radical and a selective scavenger of ROS in mitochondria. Tempo is also an organocatalyst that disproportionates superoxide and oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes in a catalytic cycle. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects and can induceDNA strand breaks. Tempo also exerts cytotoxic and mutagenic properties in mouse lymphoma cells .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) hexasodium is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid hexasodium has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid hexasodium inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects.
LCS-1 is a superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor. LCS-1 inhibits SOD1 activity with an IC50 value of 1.07 μM. LCS-1 induces the early- and late-stage apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM.1S) cells .
(25R)-Spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione ((-)-(25R)-Spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione) is a natural product that has an inhibitory effect on neutrophil superoxide anion production and histamine release from mast cells .
Meliadubin B is a natural triterpenoid with significant inflammatory inhibition effect toward superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils (EC50 of 5.54 μM). Meliadubin B inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase. Meliadubin B shows remarkable inhibition against the rice pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae with IC50 of 182.50 μM.
Ac9-25 TFA, a N-terminal peptide of Annexin I, acts as a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist and activates the neutrophil NADPH oxidase through FPR .
Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a exogenous NO donor and a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme, inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT1 receptor responses .
Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo[1]. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[2][3][4][5].
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid is known as a food inhibitor, which has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects .
Dihydrorhodamine 6G (DHR 6G) is the reduced form of Rhodamine 6G, which is used as fluorescent mitochondrial dye. It is nonfluorescent, but it readily enters most of the cells and is oxidized by oxidative species or by cellular redox systems to the fluorescent rhodamine 6G that accumulates in mitochondrial membranes. Dihydrorhodamine 6G is useful for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide .
WRW4, a specific formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) antagonist, inhibits WKYMVm binding to FPRL1 with an IC50 of 0.23 μM. WRW4 specifically inhibits the increase in intracellular calcium by the FPRL1 agonists MMK-1, amyloid beta42 (Abeta42) peptide, and F peptide .
Nrf2 activator-4 (Compound 20a) is a highly potent, orally active Nrf2 activator with an EC50 of 0.63 µM. Nrf2 activator-4 suppresses reactive oxygen species against oxidative stress in microglia. Nrf2 activator-4 effectively recovers the learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced mouse model .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) dodecasodium hydrate is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium hydrate is known as a food inhibitor, which has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid dodecasodium hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects .
3, 4-seco-4 (23),20(29) -Lupadiene-3,28-dioic acid
(Compound 5) is a triterpenoid compound. 3, 4-seco-4 (23),20(29)
-Lupadiene-3,28-dioic acid has a strong inhibitory effect on the production of
superoxide anions, and the inhibitory rate is 86.9±2.8% at 1 μM
.
Deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) is a major phytochemical constituent of Morinda citrifolia fruit. Deacetylasperulosidic acidhas antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase activity. Deacetylasperulosidic acid has anticlastogenic activity, suppressing the induction of chromosome aberrations in hamster ovary cells and mice . Deacetylasperulosidic acid prevents 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) induced DNA damage in vitro, suppresses IL-2 production along with the activation of natural killer cells .
m-3M3FBS is a potent phospholipase C (PLC) activator. m-3M3FBS stimulates superoxide generation in human neutrophils, upregulates intracellular calcium concentration, and stimulates inositol phosphate generation in various cell lines. m-3M3FBS induces monocytic leukemia cell apoptosis .
6-O-Methylinosine is a hypoxanthine analogue. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
HCH6-1 is a potent and competitive dipeptide antagonist of Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). HCH6-1 inhibits chemotaxis, superoxide anion generation, and elastase release in human neutrophils specifically activated by fMLF (an FPR1 agonist). HCH6-1 has protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo and can be used for the research of FPR1-involved inflammatory lung diseases .
2-Chloro-6-methoxypurine riboside is a hypoxanthine analog. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
2′-C-Methyl-6-O-methylinosine is a hypoxanthine analog. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
Phycocyanobilin, an orally active antioxidative agent, is an effective scavenger for various reactive oxygen species. Phycocyanobilin can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease .
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa .
2-Chloro-2'-deoxy-6-O-methylinosine is a hypoxanthine analog. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
6-Methoxypurine-9-β-D-5’(R)-C-methylriboside is a hypoxanthine analog. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
2'-Fluoro-5'-O-DMT-2'-deoxyinosine-3'-CE-phosphoramidite is a hypoxanthine analog. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
2'-O-Methyl-5'-O-dmt-inosine-3'-CE-phosphoramidite is a hypoxanthine analog. Hypoxanthine is a kind of purine base mainly present in muscle tissue. And it is a metabolite produced by purine oxidase acting on xanthine. Hypoxanthine has typical anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. It is cytoprotective by inhibiting PAPR activity, inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production. Hypoxanthine can also be used as an indicator of hypoxia .
Kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine) belongs to the family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives known as cytokinins, which are plant hormones involved in cell division, differentiation and other physiological processes. Kinetin has anti-aging effects .
Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin 743; ET-743) is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitumor activity. Trabectedin binds to the minor groove of DNA, blocks transcription of stress-induced proteins, induces DNA backbone cleavage and cancer cells apoptosis, and increases the generation of ROS in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Trabectedin has the potential for soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer research .
Rhodamine B hydrazide is a good probe for sulfite, with colorless and non-fluorescent properties. While the emission is related to the concentration of sulfite (5-800 ng/mL; detection limit=1.4 ng/mL (3σ)). Sulfite reduces dissolved oxygen to yield superoxide radicals, which binds to Rhodamine B hydrazide to form Rhodamine B. Rhodamine B hydrazide gives Rhodamine B-like fluorescence in the presence of sulfite, which is enhanced by Tween 80 surfactant micelles. Rhodamine B hydrazide has an absorption maximum at 554 nm and a fluorescence emission maximum at 574 nm .
2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
2-Methoxyestradiol- 13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6].
2-Methoxyestradiol- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), a complexation of nitriloacetic acid with iron, is a highly reactive compound used to induce degenerative disorders through oxidative stress (OS). Ferric nitrilotriacetate is also used in several studies to induce hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and both renal and liver carcinogenesis .
Larixol is an fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Larixol can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Larixol inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM), cathepsin G release (IC50: 2.76 μM), and chemotaxis. Larixol improves neutrophil hyperactivation and reduces inflammation or tissue damage. A series of Larixol derivatives were found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
Isomaltulose monohydrate is a fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Isomaltulose monohydrate can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Isomaltulose monohydrate inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM) , cathepsin G release (IC< sub>50: 2.76 μM) and chemotaxis. Isomaltulose monohydrate can improve excessive activation of neutrophils and reduce inflammation or tissue damage. A series of derivatives of Isomaltulose monohydrate are found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation .
HKSOX-1 is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1 exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical .
HKSOX-1r (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1r (5/6-mixture) exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical .
L 012 sodium salt a luminol-based chemiluminescent (CL) probe, is widely used in vitro and in vivo to detect NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide (O2 •−) and identify Nox inhibitors .
MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) can prevent the oxidation of MitoSOX Red. Excitation/emission wavelength: 510/580 nm.
D-SNAP (S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) can Generate nitric oxide and form superoxides spontaneously under physiological conditions and is often used to probe the cell stress response and stimulate calcium-independent synaptic vesicle release.
Lucigenin is a chemiluminescence probe. Lucigenin can be used to detect the production of endogenous superoxide anion radical (O 2-). Lucigenin is extremely sensitive to chloride ions, while it combined with chloride ions, the fluorescence will be quenched. Lucigenin also can be used as a chloride indicator. Ex/Em=455/505 nm .
Coelenterazine is a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase. Renilla luciferase and substrate coelenterazine has been used as the bioluminescence donor in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe and it can also be used in chemiluminescent detection of peroxynitrite .
Rhodamine B hydrazide is a good probe for sulfite, with colorless and non-fluorescent properties. While the emission is related to the concentration of sulfite (5-800 ng/mL; detection limit=1.4 ng/mL (3σ)). Sulfite reduces dissolved oxygen to yield superoxide radicals, which binds to Rhodamine B hydrazide to form Rhodamine B. Rhodamine B hydrazide gives Rhodamine B-like fluorescence in the presence of sulfite, which is enhanced by Tween 80 surfactant micelles. Rhodamine B hydrazide has an absorption maximum at 554 nm and a fluorescence emission maximum at 574 nm .
Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation .
Zineb is an agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. Its toxicity is relatively low, and there is little evidence of human harm from exposure. Oxidative stress is one of the main factors contributing to diseases caused by Zineb. Zineb does not alter the activity of any superoxide dismutase enzymes. Catalase (CAT) activity was reduced only by Zineb.
Isomaltulose monohydrate is a fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Isomaltulose monohydrate can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Isomaltulose monohydrate inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM) , cathepsin G release (IC< sub>50: 2.76 μM) and chemotaxis. Isomaltulose monohydrate can improve excessive activation of neutrophils and reduce inflammation or tissue damage. A series of derivatives of Isomaltulose monohydrate are found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
WRW4, a specific formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) antagonist, inhibits WKYMVm binding to FPRL1 with an IC50 of 0.23 μM. WRW4 specifically inhibits the increase in intracellular calcium by the FPRL1 agonists MMK-1, amyloid beta42 (Abeta42) peptide, and F peptide .
Valylhistidine is a dipeptide consisting of valine and histidine (Val-His). Valylhistidine forms a dipeptide complex with Cu(II) that mimics superoxide dismutase, but lacks activity .
Ac9-25 TFA, a N-terminal peptide of Annexin I, acts as a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist and activates the neutrophil NADPH oxidase through FPR .
Aristololactam IIIa exhibits significant inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.20 μg/mL, respectively .
Isorabaichromone is a potent antioxidant agent. Isorabaichromone shows a potent antioxidative activity and exhibits DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities .
3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid can be extracted from Chrysanthemum morifolium. 3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid has antioxidant activities. 3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid can scavenge DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical, with IC50s of 5.6 and 2.9 μg/mL respectively .
Curculigoside C is a phenolic glucoside with potent antioxidative and neuroprotective activities. Curculigoside C shows IC50 values of 0.25 mM and 0.88 mM for hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively .
Thonningianin A, an ellagitannin, is isolated from the methanolic extract of the African medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea. The antioxidant properties of Th A involve radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation. Anti-cancer activities .
Cedrin is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Cedrus deodara. Cedrin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. Cedrin can reduce reactive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content .
Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from Quercus dentata. Kaempferol 3-O-(2'',4''-di-acetyl-3''-cis-p-coumaroyl-6''-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside suppresses the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid .
3'-O-Methylmurraol is a coumarinthat can be found in Cnidium monnieri. 3'-O-Methylmurraol inhibits superoxide radical anion generation and elastase release .
Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, isolated from Anemarrhenae rhizome, inhibits N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation. Anemarrhenasaponin Ia is an useful anti-inflammation reagent .
Tsugaric acid A can significantly inhibit superoxide anion formation. Tsugaric acid A also protects human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light. Tsugaric acid A can protect keratinocytes from photodamage.
6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside is a secoiridoid isolated from the roots of G. straminea. 6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside strongly suppresses N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation .
(S)-4-Methoxydalbergione can be isolated from Dalbergia odorifera. (S)-4-Methoxydalbergione has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity. (S)-4-Methoxydalbergione inhibits superoxide formation .
Mulberroside F is one of the main bioactive constituents in mulberry (Morus alba L.) . Mulberroside F shows inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation. Mulberroside F also exhibits superoxide scavenging activity that is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation .
Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibits superoxide anion (O2 U?) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells. Isopedicin increases cAMP formation and PKA activity in FMLP-activated cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity .
Coelenterazine is a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase. Renilla luciferase and substrate coelenterazine has been used as the bioluminescence donor in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe and it can also be used in chemiluminescent detection of peroxynitrite .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) hexasodium is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid hexasodium has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid hexasodium inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects.
(25R)-Spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione ((-)-(25R)-Spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione) is a natural product that has an inhibitory effect on neutrophil superoxide anion production and histamine release from mast cells .
Meliadubin B is a natural triterpenoid with significant inflammatory inhibition effect toward superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils (EC50 of 5.54 μM). Meliadubin B inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase. Meliadubin B shows remarkable inhibition against the rice pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae with IC50 of 182.50 μM.
Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid is known as a food inhibitor, which has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) dodecasodium hydrate is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium hydrate is known as a food inhibitor, which has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid dodecasodium hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects .
3, 4-seco-4 (23),20(29) -Lupadiene-3,28-dioic acid
(Compound 5) is a triterpenoid compound. 3, 4-seco-4 (23),20(29)
-Lupadiene-3,28-dioic acid has a strong inhibitory effect on the production of
superoxide anions, and the inhibitory rate is 86.9±2.8% at 1 μM
.
Deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) is a major phytochemical constituent of Morinda citrifolia fruit. Deacetylasperulosidic acidhas antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase activity. Deacetylasperulosidic acid has anticlastogenic activity, suppressing the induction of chromosome aberrations in hamster ovary cells and mice . Deacetylasperulosidic acid prevents 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) induced DNA damage in vitro, suppresses IL-2 production along with the activation of natural killer cells .
Phycocyanobilin, an orally active antioxidative agent, is an effective scavenger for various reactive oxygen species. Phycocyanobilin can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease .
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa .
Kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine) belongs to the family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives known as cytokinins, which are plant hormones involved in cell division, differentiation and other physiological processes. Kinetin has anti-aging effects .
Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin 743; ET-743) is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitumor activity. Trabectedin binds to the minor groove of DNA, blocks transcription of stress-induced proteins, induces DNA backbone cleavage and cancer cells apoptosis, and increases the generation of ROS in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Trabectedin has the potential for soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer research .
Larixol is an fMLP inhibitor and also inhibits Src kinase, ERK1/2, p38 and AKT phosphorylation signals in immune regulation. Larixol can interfere with the interaction between the βγ subunit of the fMLP receptor Gi protein and its downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Larixol inhibits fMLP (0.1 μM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50: 1.98 μM), cathepsin G release (IC50: 2.76 μM), and chemotaxis. Larixol improves neutrophil hyperactivation and reduces inflammation or tissue damage. A series of Larixol derivatives were found to have inhibitory effects on FSGS-related TRPC6 functional mutants .
Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation .
SOD1 Protein, an enzyme crucial for cellular defense, operates as a superoxide dismutase, neutralizing radicals to safeguard cells from oxidative stress. Its enzymatic activity underscores the importance of SOD1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting biological systems from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species accumulation. SOD1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived SOD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of SOD1 Protein, Human (His) is 154 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.0 kDa.
SOD2/Mn-SOD protein is a key enzyme in cellular defense that neutralizes superoxide anion radicals and protects cells from oxidative stress. SOD2, as a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, plays a key role in breaking down these free radicals and is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting biological systems from potential damage caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. SOD2/Mn-SOD Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived SOD2/Mn-SOD protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of SOD2/Mn-SOD Protein, Human is 198 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25 kDa.
SOD2/Mn-SOD protein is a key enzyme in cellular defense that neutralizes superoxide anion radicals and protects cells from oxidative stress. SOD2, as a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, plays a key role in breaking down these free radicals and is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting biological systems from potential damage caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. SOD2/Mn-SOD Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived SOD2/Mn-SOD protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of SOD2/Mn-SOD Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 198 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.0 kDa.
Tempol-d17, 15N is the deuterium labeled Tempol[1]. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3].
2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
Tempol-d17 is the deuterium labeled Tempol[1]. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3].
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo[1]. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[2][3][4][5].
2-Methoxyestradiol- 13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6].
2-Methoxyestradiol- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6].
SOD1 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 17 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-SOD1 polyclonal antibody. SOD1 Antibody can be used for: 0 expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: pig, cow, horse background without labeling.
NOX2 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 65 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-NOX2 polyclonal antibody. NOX2 Antibody can be used for: WB, ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: chicken, dog, pig, cow, horse, rabbit background without labeling.
NADPH Oxidase 4 Antibody is a non-conjugated and Rabbit origined polyclonal antibody about 67 kDa, targeting to NADPH Oxidase 4. It can be used for WB,IHC-P,ICC/IF,IP assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
Inquiry Online
Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.