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Pathways Recommended:	Neuronal Signaling Cell Cycle/DNA Damage

Results for "

neuronal damage

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	5-HT Receptor (3) Adrenergic Receptor (2) Akt (6) Amyloid-β (13) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (24) ASK1 (2) ATF6 (1) ATP Synthase (1) Autophagy (6) Bacterial (1) Bcl-2 Family (2) Calcium Channel (1) CaMK (1) Caspase (3) CD20 (1) COX (7) Cytochrome P450 (1) Dopamine Receptor (4) Dopamine Transporter (1) Drug Derivative (2) EGFR (1) Endogenous Metabolite (7) Environmental Pollutants (2) Epigenetic Reader Domain (1) ERK (4) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (1) Fc Receptor (FcR) (1) Ferroptosis (5) Glutathione Peroxidase (4) HDAC (1) HIV (1) iGluR (3) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (1) Influenza Virus (1) Interleukin Related (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (6) JAK (1) JNK (6) Keap1-Nrf2 (4) mAChR (2) MDM-2/p53 (2) MEK (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (6) Mitophagy (3) MyD88 (1) Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (4) Na+/K+ ATPase (3) nAChR (2) Necroptosis (1) NF-κB (6) NO Synthase (11) OAT (2) p38 MAPK (9) PDI (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (3) PI3K (2) Pyroptosis (1) RANKL/RANK (1) RAR/RXR (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (21) Reference Standards (12) RIP kinase (1) SARS-CoV (1) Serotonin Transporter (1) Sirtuin (2) Sodium Channel (2) Src (1) STAT (1) Syk (1) Tau Protein (2) TGF-beta/Smad (1) TNF Receptor (3) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1) Transferrin Receptor (1) Trk Receptor (1) TRP Channel (2) Tyrosine Hydroxylase (2) UGT (1) Wnt (2) α-synuclein (3) β-catenin (3)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (13) Cardiovascular Disease (15) Endocrinology (1) Infection (6) Inflammation/Immunology (18) Metabolic Disease (13) Neurological Disease (84)
Oligonucleotides:	CpG ODNs (1)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-P1363

β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human) TFA	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42), human TFA, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363A

β-Amyloid (1-42), human Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363B

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, a 42-amino acid peptide that has been treated with HFIP from β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A), is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, after being dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4°C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37°C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-110281

Dehydroascorbic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Dehydroascorbic acid is an oxidized form of vitamin C that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Dehydroascorbic acid clears cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced after ischemic stroke by converting to ascorbic acid (AA), thereby reducing neuronal and glial cell damage and stabilizing cerebral microvascular NO signaling to maintain perfusion in the ischemic area. Dehydroascorbic acid can be used in research on ischemic stroke .

HY-14541

Olanzapine 10+ Cited Publications LY170053	5-HT Receptor Dopamine Receptor mAChR Adrenergic Receptor Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Olanzapine (LY170053) is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (K_i=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (K_i=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (K_i=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptor (K_i=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic .

HY-153169

6PPD-Q 5+ Cited Publications 6PPD-Quinone	α-synuclein Environmental Pollutants	Others
6PPD-Q (6PPD-Quinone) is an environmental pollutant that can be detected in human urine and is widely present in the environment. 6PPD-Q targets and binds to CNR2, CNR1, AA2AR, LCAT, and TRPA1, with CNR2 exhibiting the highest binding affinity, potentially acting as a CNR2 receptor agonist to activate cannabinoid receptors. 6PPD-Q induces intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by disrupting mitochondrial function, reducing neuronal glycolysis metabolites and TCA cycle intermediates, and exacerbating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. 6PPD-Q is applicable in research on environmental toxicology, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation-related disorders .

HY-B1142

Lipoamide 5+ Cited Publications (±)-α-Lipoamide; DL-Lipoamide; DL-6,8-Thioctamide	NO Synthase	Others
Lipoamide ((±)-α-Lipoamide) is a monocarboxylic acid derivative of a neutral amide, formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid and ammonia. Lipoamide protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell damage and also acts as a coenzyme to transfer acetyl groups and hydrogen during pyruvate deacylation. Lipoamide also stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway .

HY-124293

AA147 4 Publications Verification	ATF6 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
AA147 is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis regulator. AA147 promotes protection against oxidative damage in neuronal cells and prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction by activating ATF6 arm (selectively) of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the NRF2 oxidative stress response. AA147 can rebalances XBP1s expression in vivo, and also induces survival motor neuron (SMN) expression and spinal motorneuron (MN) protection .

HY-12688A

Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease .

HY-N7922

Urolithin M5 1 Publications Verification Decarboxyellagic acid	Influenza Virus p38 MAPK EGFR Akt Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Infection Neurological Disease
Urolithin M5 (Decarboxyellagic acid) is an orally active influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor and neuroprotective agent, with IC₅₀ values of 174.8 μM (HK68), 191.5 μM (pdm09), 243.2 μM (WSN) and 257.1 μM (PR8) against four influenza virus neuraminidases, respectively. Urolithin M5 inhibits viral neuraminidase activity, thereby blocking influenza virus replication (including oseltamivir (HY-13317)-resistant strains), protecting infected mammals from death and improving pulmonary edema. Urolithin M5 forms a hydrogen-bond stabilized complex with IGF1R, and binds to MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1 and EGFR. Urolithin M5 reduces reactive oxygen species production, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, restores mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and promotes neurite outgrowth of damaged neuronal cells. Urolithin M5 can be used in research related to influenza virus infection and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B1065

Aceglutamide α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine	Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

HY-N6967

Levomenol (-)-α-Bisabolol	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .

HY-P99797

Pabinafusp alfa JR-141	Transferrin Receptor	Neurological Disease
Pabinafusp alfa (JR-141) is a transferrin receptor-targeting antibody consisting of Iduronate 2-sulfatase (HY-P76399) and an anti-human transferrin receptor antibody. Pabinafusp alfa is blood-brain permeable and prevents heparan sulfate (HS) deposition in the central nervous system of mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) mice. Pabinafusp alfa improves learning and prevents central nervous system neuronal damage in mice .

HY-N7046

Silybin B Silibinin B	Amyloid-β Apoptosis JNK p38 MAPK	Neurological Disease Cancer
Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity .

HY-N12060

Ginkgo biloba extract	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt JNK ERK	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy) . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

HY-113410

3-Methylglutaric acid	Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-107343

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester Ethyl docosahexaenoate	COX	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects .

HY-N1860

3-O-Methylquercetin	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) NO Synthase	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
3-O-Methylquercetin is an inhibitor of cAMP and CGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) with IC₅₀ at 13.8 μM and 14.3 μM, respectively. 3-O-Methylquercetin is an inhibitor of β-secretase with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. 3-O-Methylquercetin has a neuroprotective effect against neuronal death caused by oxidative damage. 3-O-Methylquercetin has strong antiviral activity against poliovirus, coxsackie virus and human rhinovirus. 3-O-Methylquercetin has anti-inflammatory and trachea-relaxing effects and can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases and asthma .

HY-W040045

Callistephin chloride 1 Publications Verification Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK TNF Receptor Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis .

HY-N7675

Flavanomarein	NF-κB TGF-beta/Smad Syk	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Flavanomarein is a substance with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with a K_a of 3.064e-5 M against human Syk. Flavanomarein enhances the phosphorylation level of AKT, regulates the expression of PKC-δ, P85α, PKC-β1, Sirt1, Bcl-2 and ICAD, and inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Flavanomarein regulates EMT marker proteins, promotes the proliferation of HK-2 cells, and protects neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxic damage. Flavanomarein can be used in studies related to Parkinson's disease and diabetic nephropathy.

HY-N0762

Isobavachin 5 Publications Verification	Cytochrome P450 UGT p38 MAPK NF-κB NO Synthase COX Fc Receptor (FcR) RANKL/RANK Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2 activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B0927

Hydrastine (-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine	Tyrosine Hydroxylase Dopamine Receptor OAT	Neurological Disease
Hydrastine ((-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine) is a selective competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), inhibiting dopamine biosynthesis (IC₅₀=20.7 μM, PC12 cells). Hydrastine also inhibits the organic cation transporter OCT1 (IC₅₀=6.6 μM). Hydrastine may cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction rather than oxidative stress damage, and can aggravate cell apoptosis when combined with L-DOPA. Hydrastine can be used to study Parkinson's disease-related dopaminergic neuronal damage .

HY-118700

2-Iminobiotin Guanidinobiotin	NO Synthase	Neurological Disease
2-Iminobiotin (Guanidinobiotin) is a biotin (vitamin H or B7) analog. 2-Iminobiotin is a reversible nitric oxide synthases inhibitor with K_is of 21.8 and 37.5μM for murine iNOS and rat n-cNOS, respectively . 2-Iminobiotin superimposes on hypothermia protects human neuronal cells from hypoxia-induced cell damage .

HY-W040128

Kanamycins sulfate	Antibiotic Autophagy JNK Bcl-2 Family	Infection
Kanamycins sulfate is a blood-brain barrier-permeable JNK1 and Bcl-2 modulator as well as an antibiotic, with broad-spectrum antibacterial, and biofilm-inhibiting activities, and it induces autophagy. Kanamycins sulfate promotes Bcl-2 phosphorylation to upregulate autophagy levels, triggering changes such as mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum expansion. Consequently, it causes reversible neuronal damage in the dorsal cochlear nucleus without inducing significant neuronal apoptosis. In the presence of exogenous alanine or glucose, Kanamycins sulfate effectively kills drug-resistant bacteria, restores drug sensitivity of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and alleviates urinary tract and kidney infections in mice. Kanamycins sulfate can be applied to scientific research related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonellosis, brucellosis, shigellosis, urinary tract infections, and reversible neurotoxicity .

HY-160229

ssRNA40 sodium R-1075 sodium	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 Caspase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy Pyroptosis HIV	Infection Neurological Disease
ssRNA40 sodium (R-1075 sodium) is a single-stranded RNA40 derived from HIV-1. ssRNA40 sodium activates the TLR7, TLR8, TLR2, RIG-I, MDA5, MyD88, Caspase-3, IRE1α, NLRP3 inflammasome and IRF7 signaling pathways. ssRNA40 sodium alters mRNA expression in neutrophils, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS, autophagy (autophagy), pyroptosis (pyroptosis), neuronal death, neurodegeneration, aggregate formation and NK cell activation. ssRNA40 sodium activates the expression of CD62L, CD11b, CD69, MX1, OAS1, ATG7, LC3B and XBP1 in immune cell and neuronal populations. ssRNA40 sodium causes cortical neuron loss and axonal damage in mice in a TLR7-dependent manner. ssRNA40 sodium can be used in research on HIV-1 infection, neurodegeneration, COVID-19 and HIV-associated neurological disorders .

HY-113772

Inflachromene	NF-κB ERK JNK p38 MAPK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Inflachromene, a microglial inhibitor, binds to HMGB1 and HMGB2 and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Inflachromene effectively downregulates proinflammatory functions of HMGB and reduces neuronal damage. Inflachromene can be used for the research of neuroinflammatory disorders .

HY-138668

JW-65	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
JW-65 is a selective TRPC3 channel inhibitor with favorable blood-brain barrier penetration. JW-65 directly binds to human TRPC3 protein and modulates calcium signaling to reduce seizure susceptibility. JW-65 reduces seizure incidence, severity, and duration while prolonging seizure latency in multiple seizure models. JW-65 alleviates Aβ‑induced neuronal damage. JW-65 serves as a valuable tool for research on epilepsy, seizure disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-N1414

(E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose	Trk Receptor NF-κB Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
(E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable neuroprotective agent that inhibits Aβ protein aggregation. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose exerts anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and cognitive-enhancing effects. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose regulates the TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway, inhibits the expression of NF-κB p65, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and alleviates neuronal damage. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose also enhances the functions of central 5-HT and noradrenergic systems, thereby improving spatial learning and memory abilities and reducing anxiety-like behaviors. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose can be used for the research of related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, memory impairment and anxiety disorder .

HY-N0909

Notoginsenoside R2 1 Publications Verification 20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2	Apoptosis MEK ERK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase COX β-catenin Src MDM-2/p53 JAK STAT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Notoginsenoside R2 (20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2) is an orally active notoginsenoside . Notoginsenoside R2 activates P90RSK and Nrf2 via the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to inhibit 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic damage in nerve cells. Notoginsenoside R2 upregulates SOX8/β-catenin by reducing miR-27a, thereby suppressing Aβ_25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses . Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting c-Src. Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell senescence and inhibiting the inflammatory microenvironment via JAK/STAT3 suppression . Notoginsenoside R2 can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy and hepatic fibrosis .

HY-N4098

Incensole Acetate	Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Incensole acetate is a main constituent of Boswellia carterii resin, has neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage in traumatic and ischemic head injury. Incensole acetate reduces Aβ25–35-triggered apoptosis in hOBNSCs .

HY-133712

Yonkenafil Tunodafil	Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Neurological Disease
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease .

HY-120553

B-355252 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
B355252, a phenoxy thiophene sulfonamide small molecule, is a potent NGF receptor agonist. B355252 potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. B355252 protects ischemic neurons from neuronal loss by attenuating DNA damage, reducing ROS production and the LDH level, and preventing neuronal apoptosis. B355252 has anti-apoptotic effects in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, as well as in a murine hippocampal cell line (HT22) model of Parkinson disease (PD) .

HY-125039

N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide 2 Publications Verification	Glutathione Peroxidase	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide is a potent, reversible, specific, and non-toxic tripeptide inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO). N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide effectively inhibits MPO generation of toxic oxidants in vivo. N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide reduces neuronal damage and preserves brain tissue and neurological function in the stroked brain. N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide inhibits MPO-dependent hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation, protein nitration, and LDL oxidation .

HY-W012352

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone	Glutathione Peroxidase Ferroptosis Wnt β-catenin Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is a product generated by the photochemical oxidation of Anthracene (ANT) (HY-Y0299). 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by depleting GSH and inhibiting GPX4, leading to cardiac developmental malformations. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone causes damage to the cerebrovascular system and blood-brain barrier in zebrafish by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as inducing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone can be used in studies related to cerebrovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity .

HY-136182A

YM-244769	Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
YM-244769 is a potent, selective and orally active Na ⁺/Ca ²⁺ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor. YM-244769 preferentially inhibits NCX3 and suppresses the unidirectional outward NCX current (Ca ²⁺ entry mode), with IC₅₀s of 18 nM and 50 nM, respectively. YM-244769 efficiently protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cell damage. YM-244769 can also increase urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes in mice .

HY-N6669

Methyl 3-O-methylgallate 2 Publications Verification M3OMG	Others	Neurological Disease
Methyl 3-O-methylgallate (M3OMG) possesses antioxidant effect and can protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage .

HY-120875

HX600	RAR/RXR	Neurological Disease
HX600 is a synthetic agonist for RXR (Retinoid X Receptor) heterodimer complex. HX600 prevents ischemia-induced neuronal damage. HX600 has orally bioactivity .

HY-108038

ABT-107	nAChR	Neurological Disease
ABT-107 is a selective α7 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist. ABT-107 protects against nigrostriatal damage in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions .

HY-118700A

2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide Guanidinobiotin hydrobromide	NO Synthase	Neurological Disease
2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide (Guanidinobiotin hydrobromide) is a biotin (vitamin H or B7) analog. 2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide is a reversible nitric oxide synthases inhibitor with K_is of 21.8 and 37.5 μM for murine iNOS and rat n-cNOS, respectively . 2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide superimposes on hypothermia protects human neuronal cells from hypoxia-induced cell damage .

HY-W654331

Quinolinic acid-13C3, 15N 2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid-¹³C₃,¹⁵N	Isotope-Labeled Compounds iGluR Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Quinolinic acid- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N (2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and thereby has the potential of mediating N-methyl-D-aspartate neuronal damage and dysfunction .

HY-W392413

Glutathione monoethyl ester	Drug Derivative Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Glutathione monoethyl ester is a glutathione derivative that can be transported into cells and hydrolyzed into glutathione. Glutathione monoethyl ester downregulates the gene expression of TEN1 and CTC1 while upregulating TERT expression. Glutathione monoethyl ester enhances telomerase activity, promotes proliferation and differentiation in aged bone marrow stromal cells, while elevating glutathione levels and reducing oxidative stress, protein aggregation and cell death in motor neuronal cells. Glutathione monoethyl ester confers broad multi-organ protection against cerebral ischemia, renal injury, liver damage, and pancreatitis. Glutathione monoethyl ester can be used for the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, acute renal failure, liver injury, and acute pancreatitis .

HY-12688

Succinyl phosphonate	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Succinyl phosphonate is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease .

HY-W009300

4-Hydroxyestrone 1 Publications Verification 4-OHE1	Endogenous Metabolite Estrogen Receptor/ERR Sirtuin MDM-2/p53 PDI Ferroptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1) is a brain-penetrant estrogen metabolite. 4-Hydroxyestrone shows neuroprotective effects involving increased cytoplasmic localization of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation. 4-Hydroxyestrone relies on PDI to mediate its protective effect against chemically induced ferroptosis in estrogen receptor-negative cancer cells. 4-Hydroxyestrone inhibits lipid peroxidation and lipid-ROS accumulation. 4-Hydroxyestrone blocks preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in Rattus norvegicus. 4-Hydroxyestrone can be used for the researches of neurodegeneration, breast cancer and endocrine disease .

HY-170790

HZS60	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
HZS60 is a NMDAR/TRPM4 inhibitor with brain permeability that can improve cerebral ischemia. HZS60 has significant neuroprotective effects on primary neuronal ischemic damage caused by NMDA and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. HZS60 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics and can inhibit cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. HZS60 can be used as a potential inhibitor of ischemic stroke .

HY-136182

YM-244769 dihydrochloride	Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
YM-244769 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally active Na ⁺/Ca ²⁺ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor. YM-244769 dihydrochloride preferentially inhibits NCX3 and suppresses the unidirectional outward NCX current (Ca ²⁺ entry mode), with IC₅₀s of 18 nM and 50 nM, respectively. YM-244769 dihydrochloride efficiently protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cell damage. YM-244769 dihydrochloride can also increase urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes in mice .

HY-155126

LZWL02003	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease
LZWL02003 is an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. LZWL02003 has protective effect on MPP ⁺-induced neuronal damage, and reduces the expression of ROS. LZWL02003 improves cognition, memory, learning, and athletic ability in a Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced PD rat model. LZWL02003 can be used for research of neurodegenerative disease .

HY-P3780

Cys-Gly-Lys-Lys-Gly-Amyloid β-Protein (36-42)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
Cys-Gly-Lys-Lys-Gly-Amyloid β-Protein (36-42) is the 36-42 fragment of Amyloid β-Protein. β-amyloid, a polypeptide made up of 36-43 amino acids, is the main component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. β-amyloid oligomers (Aβos) plays A key role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inducing neuronal damage and cognitive impairment .

HY-P10360

Tat-βsyn-degron	α-synuclein	Neurological Disease
Tat-βsyn-degron is an α-synuclein knockdown peptide that effectively degrades α-synuclein protein via the proteasome pathway. Tat-βsyn-degron effectively reduces α-synuclein protein levels in primary rat cortical neuron cultures. In a Parkinson's mouse toxicity model, Tat-βsyn-degron can alleviate parkinsonian toxin-induced neuronal damage and movement disorders .

HY-107343R

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Standard) Ethyl docosahexaenoate (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects .

HY-146619

RAGE/SERT-IN-1	Amyloid-β Serotonin Transporter	Neurological Disease
RAGE/SERT-IN-1 is a potent and orally active advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 8.26 μM and 31.09 nM, respectively. RAGE/SERT-IN-1 exhibits significant neuroprotective effect against Aβ_25-35-induced neuronal damage and alleviates depressive behavior of mice. RAGE/SERT-IN-1 can be used for researching the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease and depression .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P1363

β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human) TFA	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42), human TFA, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363A

β-Amyloid (1-42), human Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363B

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, a 42-amino acid peptide that has been treated with HFIP from β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A), is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, after being dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4°C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37°C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P3780

Cys-Gly-Lys-Lys-Gly-Amyloid β-Protein (36-42)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
Cys-Gly-Lys-Lys-Gly-Amyloid β-Protein (36-42) is the 36-42 fragment of Amyloid β-Protein. β-amyloid, a polypeptide made up of 36-43 amino acids, is the main component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. β-amyloid oligomers (Aβos) plays A key role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inducing neuronal damage and cognitive impairment .

HY-P10360

Tat-βsyn-degron	α-synuclein	Neurological Disease
Tat-βsyn-degron is an α-synuclein knockdown peptide that effectively degrades α-synuclein protein via the proteasome pathway. Tat-βsyn-degron effectively reduces α-synuclein protein levels in primary rat cortical neuron cultures. In a Parkinson's mouse toxicity model, Tat-βsyn-degron can alleviate parkinsonian toxin-induced neuronal damage and movement disorders .

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P10977

Tat-ASIC1a (1-20) (mouse, rat)	Sodium Channel RIP kinase	Neurological Disease
Tat-ASIC1a (1-20) (mouse, rat) is a competitive ASIC1a membrane-penetrating peptide. Tat-ASIC1a (1-20) (mouse, rat) has significantly neuroprotection effects, and reduces neuronal damage against acidotoxicity by targeting the ASIC1a-RIPK1 pathway and auto-inhibitory mechanism. Tat-ASIC1a (1-20) (mouse, rat) effectively protects brains from ischemic injury in ischemic stroke mice model. Tat-ASIC1a (1-20) (mouse, rat) can be used for neurodegenerative diseases research, such as Huntington disease and Parkinson’s disease .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P99797

Pabinafusp alfa JR-141	Transferrin Receptor	Neurological Disease
Pabinafusp alfa (JR-141) is a transferrin receptor-targeting antibody consisting of Iduronate 2-sulfatase (HY-P76399) and an anti-human transferrin receptor antibody. Pabinafusp alfa is blood-brain permeable and prevents heparan sulfate (HS) deposition in the central nervous system of mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) mice. Pabinafusp alfa improves learning and prevents central nervous system neuronal damage in mice .

HY-P992060

Anti-Mouse CD20 Antibody (18B12)	CD20 NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Anti-Mouse CD20 Antibody (18B12) is a B cell depleting agent that targets mouse CD20. Anti-Mouse CD20 Antibody (18B12) not only inhibits the growth of mesothelioma, lung cancer and thymoma, but also significantly enhances the efficacy of adenoviral tumor antigen vaccines and induces tumor regression by increasing the number of tumor-specific CD8 ⁺ T cells. Anti-Mouse CD20 Antibody (18B12) reduces B cell infiltration into the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and delays motor dysfunction and neuronal death after spinal cord injury by alleviating inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Anti-Mouse CD20 Antibody (18B12) is widely applicable to research in fields related to mesothelioma, lung cancer, thymoma, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and spinal cord injury .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-110281

Dehydroascorbic acid	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Dehydroascorbic acid is an oxidized form of vitamin C that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Dehydroascorbic acid clears cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced after ischemic stroke by converting to ascorbic acid (AA), thereby reducing neuronal and glial cell damage and stabilizing cerebral microvascular NO signaling to maintain perfusion in the ischemic area. Dehydroascorbic acid can be used in research on ischemic stroke .

HY-153169

6PPD-Q 5+ Cited Publications 6PPD-Quinone	Quinones Structural Classification Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Other Diseases Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	α-synuclein Environmental Pollutants
6PPD-Q (6PPD-Quinone) is an environmental pollutant that can be detected in human urine and is widely present in the environment. 6PPD-Q targets and binds to CNR2, CNR1, AA2AR, LCAT, and TRPA1, with CNR2 exhibiting the highest binding affinity, potentially acting as a CNR2 receptor agonist to activate cannabinoid receptors. 6PPD-Q induces intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by disrupting mitochondrial function, reducing neuronal glycolysis metabolites and TCA cycle intermediates, and exacerbating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. 6PPD-Q is applicable in research on environmental toxicology, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation-related disorders .

HY-B1142

Lipoamide 5+ Cited Publications (±)-α-Lipoamide; DL-Lipoamide; DL-6,8-Thioctamide	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase
Lipoamide ((±)-α-Lipoamide) is a monocarboxylic acid derivative of a neutral amide, formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid and ammonia. Lipoamide protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell damage and also acts as a coenzyme to transfer acetyl groups and hydrogen during pyruvate deacylation. Lipoamide also stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway .

HY-12688A

Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β
Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease .

HY-N7922

Urolithin M5 1 Publications Verification Decarboxyellagic acid	Structural Classification Canarium album (Lour.) Rauesch. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Burseraceae Source Classification	Influenza Virus p38 MAPK EGFR Akt Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Urolithin M5 (Decarboxyellagic acid) is an orally active influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor and neuroprotective agent, with IC₅₀ values of 174.8 μM (HK68), 191.5 μM (pdm09), 243.2 μM (WSN) and 257.1 μM (PR8) against four influenza virus neuraminidases, respectively. Urolithin M5 inhibits viral neuraminidase activity, thereby blocking influenza virus replication (including oseltamivir (HY-13317)-resistant strains), protecting infected mammals from death and improving pulmonary edema. Urolithin M5 forms a hydrogen-bond stabilized complex with IGF1R, and binds to MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1 and EGFR. Urolithin M5 reduces reactive oxygen species production, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, restores mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and promotes neurite outgrowth of damaged neuronal cells. Urolithin M5 can be used in research related to influenza virus infection and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B1065

Aceglutamide α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine	Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

HY-N6967

Levomenol (-)-α-Bisabolol	Structural Classification other families Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis
Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .

HY-N7046

Silybin B Silibinin B	Flavanonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Glycine soya Phenols Polyphenols Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Plants Compositae Source Classification	Amyloid-β Apoptosis JNK p38 MAPK
Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity .

HY-N12060

Ginkgo biloba extract	Structural Classification Natural Products Ginkgoaceae Plants Ginkgo biloba Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt JNK ERK
Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy) . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

HY-113410

3-Methylglutaric acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-N1860

3-O-Methylquercetin	Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Flavones Aconitum apetalum (Huth) B. Fedtsch. Plants Rhamnaceae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Phosphodiesterase (PDE) NO Synthase
3-O-Methylquercetin is an inhibitor of cAMP and CGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) with IC₅₀ at 13.8 μM and 14.3 μM, respectively. 3-O-Methylquercetin is an inhibitor of β-secretase with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. 3-O-Methylquercetin has a neuroprotective effect against neuronal death caused by oxidative damage. 3-O-Methylquercetin has strong antiviral activity against poliovirus, coxsackie virus and human rhinovirus. 3-O-Methylquercetin has anti-inflammatory and trachea-relaxing effects and can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases and asthma .

HY-W040045

Callistephin chloride 1 Publications Verification Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride	Anthocyans Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Rosaceae Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK TNF Receptor Apoptosis
Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis .

HY-N7675

Flavanomarein	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Cercis chinensis Bunge Metabolic Disease Plants Compositae Flavonoids other families Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB TGF-beta/Smad Syk
Flavanomarein is a substance with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with a K_a of 3.064e-5 M against human Syk. Flavanomarein enhances the phosphorylation level of AKT, regulates the expression of PKC-δ, P85α, PKC-β1, Sirt1, Bcl-2 and ICAD, and inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Flavanomarein regulates EMT marker proteins, promotes the proliferation of HK-2 cells, and protects neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxic damage. Flavanomarein can be used in studies related to Parkinson's disease and diabetic nephropathy.

HY-N0762

Isobavachin 5 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Cytochrome P450 UGT p38 MAPK NF-κB NO Synthase COX Fc Receptor (FcR) RANKL/RANK Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy
Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2 activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B0927

Hydrastine (-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Ranunculaceae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields	Tyrosine Hydroxylase Dopamine Receptor OAT
Hydrastine ((-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine) is a selective competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), inhibiting dopamine biosynthesis (IC₅₀=20.7 μM, PC12 cells). Hydrastine also inhibits the organic cation transporter OCT1 (IC₅₀=6.6 μM). Hydrastine may cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction rather than oxidative stress damage, and can aggravate cell apoptosis when combined with L-DOPA. Hydrastine can be used to study Parkinson's disease-related dopaminergic neuronal damage .

HY-N1414

(E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose	Structural Classification Simple Phenylpropanols Polygalaceae Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Source Classification	Trk Receptor NF-κB Amyloid-β
(E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable neuroprotective agent that inhibits Aβ protein aggregation. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose exerts anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and cognitive-enhancing effects. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose regulates the TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway, inhibits the expression of NF-κB p65, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and alleviates neuronal damage. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose also enhances the functions of central 5-HT and noradrenergic systems, thereby improving spatial learning and memory abilities and reducing anxiety-like behaviors. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose can be used for the research of related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, memory impairment and anxiety disorder .

HY-N0909

Notoginsenoside R2 1 Publications Verification 20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2	Triterpenes Structural Classification Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Apoptosis MEK ERK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase COX β-catenin Src MDM-2/p53 JAK STAT
Notoginsenoside R2 (20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2) is an orally active notoginsenoside . Notoginsenoside R2 activates P90RSK and Nrf2 via the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to inhibit 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic damage in nerve cells. Notoginsenoside R2 upregulates SOX8/β-catenin by reducing miR-27a, thereby suppressing Aβ_25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses . Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting c-Src. Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell senescence and inhibiting the inflammatory microenvironment via JAK/STAT3 suppression . Notoginsenoside R2 can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy and hepatic fibrosis .

HY-N4098

Incensole Acetate	other families Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Source Classification	Apoptosis
Incensole acetate is a main constituent of Boswellia carterii resin, has neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage in traumatic and ischemic head injury. Incensole acetate reduces Aβ25–35-triggered apoptosis in hOBNSCs .

HY-W012352

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone	Quinones Structural Classification Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Anthraquinones Morinda umbellata Rubiaceae Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Glutathione Peroxidase Ferroptosis Wnt β-catenin Apoptosis
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is a product generated by the photochemical oxidation of Anthracene (ANT) (HY-Y0299). 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by depleting GSH and inhibiting GPX4, leading to cardiac developmental malformations. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone causes damage to the cerebrovascular system and blood-brain barrier in zebrafish by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as inducing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone can be used in studies related to cerebrovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity .

HY-N6669

Methyl 3-O-methylgallate 2 Publications Verification M3OMG	Sanguisorba officinalis Linn. Rosaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Others
Methyl 3-O-methylgallate (M3OMG) possesses antioxidant effect and can protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage .

HY-12688

Succinyl phosphonate	Structural Classification Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β
Succinyl phosphonate is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease .

HY-W009300

4-Hydroxyestrone 1 Publications Verification 4-OHE1	Structural Classification Animals Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Estrogen Receptor/ERR Sirtuin MDM-2/p53 PDI Ferroptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1) is a brain-penetrant estrogen metabolite. 4-Hydroxyestrone shows neuroprotective effects involving increased cytoplasmic localization of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation. 4-Hydroxyestrone relies on PDI to mediate its protective effect against chemically induced ferroptosis in estrogen receptor-negative cancer cells. 4-Hydroxyestrone inhibits lipid peroxidation and lipid-ROS accumulation. 4-Hydroxyestrone blocks preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in Rattus norvegicus. 4-Hydroxyestrone can be used for the researches of neurodegeneration, breast cancer and endocrine disease .

HY-N10283

Neoechinulin C	Alkaloids Microorganisms Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Neoechinulin C, an echinulin-related indolediketopiperazine alkaloid, protects the neuronal cells against paraquat-induced damage in a Parkinson’s disease model .

HY-N6967R

Levomenol (Standard) (-)-α-Bisabolol (Standard)	Structural Classification other families Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis
Levomenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Levomenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .

HY-W040045R

Callistephin chloride (Standard) Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Standard)	Anthocyans Flavonoids Rosaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Source Classification	Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK Apoptosis TNF Receptor
Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Callistephin chloride (HY-W040045). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Callistephin chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.

HY-N8693

Withanoside IV	Structural Classification Withania somnifera Solanaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	COX Amyloid-β Sirtuin Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis SARS-CoV
Withanoside IV is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative. Withanoside IV specifically binds to the Sudlow I site of HSA, induces secondary structural changes in HSA, and forms stable HSA complexes. Withanoside IV inhibits the enzymatic activity of COX-2. Withanoside IV induces axonal regeneration, peripheral nervous system myelination and increased axonal density in spinal cord tissue, reduces reactive gliosis-related changes, and improves hindlimb motor function. Withanoside IV binds to amyloid-β 1-42 to inhibit its aggregation, induces neurite outgrowth and synapse reconstruction, repairs damaged axons and dendrites, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, exerts neuroprotective effects via the BDNF and SIRT1 signaling pathways, reduces ROS production and neuronal apoptosis, and ameliorates memory deficits. Withanoside IV inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Withanoside IV can be used in research related to spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) .

HY-B0927R

Hydrastine (Standard) (-)-β-Hydrastine (Standard); (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Ranunculaceae Plants	Reference Standards Tyrosine Hydroxylase Dopamine Receptor OAT
Hydrastine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydrastine (HY-B0927). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydrastine ((-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine) is a selective competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), inhibiting dopamine biosynthesis (IC₅₀=20.7 μM, PC12 cells). Hydrastine also inhibits the organic cation transporter OCT1 (IC₅₀=6.6 μM). Hydrastine may cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction rather than oxidative stress damage, and can aggravate cell apoptosis when combined with L-DOPA. Hydrastine can be used to study Parkinson's disease-related dopaminergic neuronal damage .

HY-N4098R

Incensole Acetate (Standard)	other families Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis
Incensole Acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Incensole Acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Incensole acetate is a main constituent of Boswellia carterii resin, has neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage in traumatic and ischemic head injury. Incensole acetate reduces Aβ25–35-triggered apoptosis in hOBNSCs .

HY-113410R

3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Reference Standards Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-N5052R

Asiaticoside B (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards
Asiaticoside B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asiaticoside B (HY-N5052). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asiaticoside B is a 9,19-cycloartane-type triterpene glycoside. Asiaticoside B induces cytotoxicity in liver cancer and breast cancer cells. Asiaticoside B alleviates 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell damage. Asiaticoside B can be used in studies related to liver cancer, breast cancer and Parkinson's disease .

HY-N7046R

Silybin B (Standard) Silibinin B (Standard)	Flavanonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Glycine soya Phenols Polyphenols Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Plants Compositae Source Classification	Reference Standards JNK Amyloid-β p38 MAPK Apoptosis
Silybin (Silibinin B) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Silybin B (HY-N7046). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator, that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity .

HY-B1065R

Aceglutamide (Standard) α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine (Standard); N2-Acetylglutamine (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Akt ASK1 Apoptosis
Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aceglutamide (HY-B1065). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aceglutamide (α-N-Acetyl-L-glutamine; N2-Acetylglutamine) is a neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Aceglutamide can enhance the antioxidant systems of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. Aceglutamide also inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative damage. Aceglutamide can improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Aceglutamide can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improve motor dysfunction, and is used in ischemic stroke-related research .

HY-N17468

Neocrocin B	Structural Classification Polysaccharides Rubiaceae Plants Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Saccharides Source Classification
Neocrocin B is a carotenoid crocin. Neocrocin B inhibits L-Glutamic acid (HY-14608)-induced neuronal cell damage in a dose-dependent manner. Neocrocin B can be used in studies related to neuronal injury .

HY-N6669R

Methyl 3-O-methylgallate (Standard) M3OMG (Standard)	Structural Classification Sanguisorba officinalis Linn. Rosaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Others Reference Standards
Methyl 3-O-methylgallate (Standard) (M3OMG (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Methyl 3-O-methylgallate (HY-N6669). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl 3-O-methylgallate (M3OMG) possesses antioxidant effect and can protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage .

HY-N13729

Stephalonine P	Structural Classification Alkaloids Other Alkaloids Plants Menispermaceae Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers Source Classification	NO Synthase
Stephalonine P is a hasubanan-type alkaloid anti-inflammatory agent with neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammation. Stephalonine P regulates post-ischemic inflammatory responses by inhibiting NO production in LPS-activated BV2 microglia (IC₅₀=34.01 μM), thereby reducing microglial activation and neuronal damage. Stephalonine P can be isolated from the whole plant of Stephania japonica. Stephalonine P can be used in research on stroke and other neuroinflammation-related diseases .

HY-N18656

Terminalia chebula extract	Structural Classification Extract	Bacterial
Terminalia chebula extract, derived from the fruit of the Terminalia chebula tree. Rich in bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and organic acids like gallic acid and ellagic acid, this extract demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological activities. It acts as a natural laxative, supports digestive health, and exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, effectively targeting various pathogenic bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Terminalia Chebula Extract also shows significant hepatoprotective effects, shielding the liver from damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It has nephroprotective properties, alleviating renal dysfunction and enhancing kidney health by modulating inflammatory pathways. Additionally, the extract demonstrates neuroprotective activity, reducing neuronal damage and improving memory function. It has potential anti-diabetic effects, enhancing glucose uptake and reducing oxidative stress.

HY-W012352R

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Monophenols Anthraquinones Morinda umbellata Rubiaceae Phenols Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Glutathione Peroxidase Ferroptosis Wnt β-catenin Apoptosis
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (HY-W012352). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is a product generated by the photochemical oxidation of Anthracene (ANT) (HY-Y0299). 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by depleting GSH and inhibiting GPX4, leading to cardiac developmental malformations. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone causes damage to the cerebrovascular system and blood-brain barrier in zebrafish by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as inducing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone can be used in studies related to cerebrovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity .

HY-N16764

(rel)-Salcolin A	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Asteraceae Phenols Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. Plants Source Classification	Necroptosis NO Synthase
(rel)-Salcolin A is a flavonoid lignan compound with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. (rel)-Salcolin A has IC₅₀ values ??of 66.69 μM and 56.12 μM against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells (HTH83) and papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (TPC1), respectively. (rel)-Salcolin A also inhibits LPS-induced NO production with an IC₅₀ of 14.65 μM. (rel)-Salcolin A exerts its effects by inducing necroptosis in thyroid cancer cells, inhibiting the production of the inflammatory factor NO, and protecting against glutamate-induced neuronal cell damage, with a neuroprotective E₅₀ of 47.44 μM. (rel)-Salcolin A can be used in research related to thyroid cancer, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. (rel)-Salcolin A can be naturally extracted from the leaves of Casearia arborea and the stems of Zea mays (corn) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-W654331

Quinolinic acid-13C3, 15N
Quinolinic acid- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N (2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and thereby has the potential of mediating N-methyl-D-aspartate neuronal damage and dysfunction .

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-113410S

3-Methylglutaric acid-d4

3-Methylglutaric acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-107343S1

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d5-1

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d₅-1 is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects .

HY-107343S

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d5

Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) is a 90% concentrated ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid manufactured from the microalgal oil. Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester enhances 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage by induction of lipid peroxidation in mouse striatum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key component of the cell membrane, and its peroxidation is inducible due to the double-bond chemical structure. Docosahexaenoic acid has neuroprotective effects .

HY-N7046S

Silybin B-d3

Silybin B-d₃ (Silibinin B-d₃) is a deuterated Silybin B (HY-N7046). Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator, that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification