2-Hydroxyanthraquinone

Cat. No.: HY-W012352 Purity: 98.0%: Data Sheet
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2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is a product generated by the photochemical oxidation of Anthracene (ANT) (HY-Y0299). 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes by depleting GSH and inhibiting GPX4, leading to cardiac developmental malformations. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone causes damage to the cerebrovascular system and blood-brain barrier in zebrafish by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as inducing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone can be used in studies related to cerebrovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 605-32-3

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 g	Get quote

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Other Forms of 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone:

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (Standard) Get quote

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•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All Glutathione Peroxidase Isoform Specific Products:

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GPX1 GPX4

View All Wnt Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms

Wnt1 Wnt2 Wnt3 Wnt5 Wnt7 Wnt11

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
DU-145	IC₅₀	72 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) DU145 cells assessed as inhibition of cell survival after 96 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) DU145 cells assessed as inhibition of cell survival after 96 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-012-0197-5
MCF7	IC₅₀	69 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell survival after 96 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell survival after 96 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-012-0197-5
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	66 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) H460 cells assessed as inhibition of cell survival after 96 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) H460 cells assessed as inhibition of cell survival after 96 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-012-0197-5

In Vitro

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone binds stably to zebrafish GPX4 protein with a binding energy of −8.3 kcal/mol, mediated by amino acid residues Pro-140, Lys-143, and Arg-168^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (0.7-1.9 mg/L; waterborne exposure; 6-60 h) impairs cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier (BBB) development in zebrafish embryos by simultaneously inducing neuroinflammation and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby triggering apoptotic death of brain cells and persistent motor behavioral abnormalities^[1].
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (0.4-1.2 mg/L; waterborne exposure; 6-96 h) induces concentration-dependent cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos via ferroptosis, including reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorder, iron accumulation, and cardiac structural/functional defects^[2].
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (300-400 µg/L; waterborne exposure; 28 days) induces cardiac injury in adult zebrafish, including ventricular atrophy, cardiomyocyte degeneration, fibrosis, and vacuolization^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	wild-type (AB); transgenic lines Tg (kdrl:mCherry), Tg (mpeg1:GFP), Tg (fli:GFP), Tg (lyz:DsRed), Tg (elavl3:GFP) (embryos at 6 hours post-fertilization)^[1]
Dosage:	0.7 mg/L; 1.3 mg/L; 1.9 mg/L
Administration:	waterborne; daily renewal; 6 hpf to 24 hpf or 60 hpf
Result:	Reduced cerebrovascular area by ~40% relative to controls in medium (1.3 mg/L) and high (1.9 mg/L) dose groups at 24 hpf. Reduced cerebrovascular area by 50% relative to controls in high dose group at 60 hpf; diminished head size by ~25% in high dose group at 60 hpf; shortened distance between intersegmental vessels at 60 hpf. Downregulated genes involved in vascular/lymphatic development (itgb4, kdr, kdrl, vegfc, vegfa, flt4) at 60 hpf. Increased brain microglia by ~40% relative to controls in high dose group. Increased ROS content by over fourfold relative to controls in high dose group. Upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β, tnf-α, nf-κb, il6, nos2, rela) and downregulated anti-inflammatory il10. Increased TUNEL-positive brain cells by ~twofold relative to controls in high dose group; upregulated p53 gene expression. Increased BBB permeability in medium and high dose groups; altered expression of genes related to BBB development (spock1, abcc1, abcg2, abcb4, abcb5). Reduced β-catenin protein expression to ~one-third of control levels; downregulated pathway target genes (lef1, β-catenin) and upregulated inhibitory genes (dkk1, wif1). Reduced total movement distance, average swimming speed, movement time, and continuous movement duration by ~75% relative to controls in all dose groups; decreased activity frequency and cumulative activity duration, and increased immobility duration in a concentration-dependent manner.

Animal Model:	wild-type (AB); transgenic Tg (myl7:GFP) (embryos, 6 hours post-fertilization)^[3]
Dosage:	0.4 mg/L; 0.8 mg/L; 1.2 mg/L
Administration:	waterborne; continuous; 6 hpf to 96 hpf
Result:	Caused concentration-dependent increases in zebrafish embryo mortality at 96 hpf. Reduced body length to ~3500 μm (0.4 mg/L), ~3200 μm (0.8 mg/L), ~2500 μm (1.2 mg/L) vs control ~4000 μm at 96 hpf. Increased yolk sac area at 96 hpf. Enlarged pericardial area to ~25000 μm² (0.4 mg/L), ~45000 μm² (0.8 mg/L), ~65000 μm² (1.2 mg/L) vs control ~15000 μm² at 96 hpf. Decreased heart rate over 20 seconds to ~45 beats (0.4 mg/L), ~35 beats (0.8 mg/L), ~30 beats (1.2 mg/L) vs control ~50 beats at 96 hpf. Increased sinus venosus-bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA) distance to ~170 μm (0.4 mg/L), ~220 μm (0.8 mg/L), ~250 μm (1.2 mg/L) vs control ~120 μm in transgenic Tg (myl7:GFP) embryos at 96 hpf. Reduced cardiomyocyte numbers and caused failed cardiac cyclization revealed by H&E staining. Downregulated expression of cardiac developmental genes myl7, tbx2b, hand2, and upregulated gata4 and nppa. Reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation by ~50% at 0.8 and 1.2 mg/L, with downregulated expression of proliferation-related genes cdk2, ccne1, and ccnd1. Significantly elevated ROS levels in the heart, with downregulated expression of antioxidant genes nrf2, cat, sod, and gclm; decreased CAT and GSH activities, and increased SOD and MDA activities. Increased cardiac lipid content revealed by Oil Red O staining, elevated total cholesterol (TC) at 1.2 mg/L, and dysregulated expression of lipid metabolism genes (scd, fasn, elovl4, elovl5 upregulated; cd36 downregulated). Increased iron accumulation revealed by FerroOrange staining and tissue iron measurements, with dysregulated ferroptosis-related gene expression: gpx4, slc7a11, slc3a2 downregulated; acsl4 upregulated; iron metabolism genes fht1, tfr1, fpn1, dmt1 altered. Significantly reduced pericardial area and restored gpx4 gene expression when co-exposed with 0.6 μM Fer-1 compared to 0.8 mg/L 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone alone.

Animal Model:	wild-type (3-month-old adult)^[3]
Dosage:	300 µg/L; 400 µg/L
Administration:	waterborne; daily; 28 days
Result:	Caused ventricular atrophy with ventricular area ~650000 μm² (300 µg/L), ~550000 μm² (400 µg/L) vs control ~700000 μm². Induced partial cardiomyocyte degeneration in the 300 µg/L group revealed by H&E staining. Induced partial fibrosis and vacuole formation in the 400 µg/L group revealed by H&E staining.

Molecular Weight

224.22

Formula

C₁₄H₈O₃

CAS No.

605-32-3

Appearance

Solid

Color

Yellow to green yellow

SMILES

OC1=CC2=C(C(C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)=O)C=C1

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (445.99 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	4.4599 mL	22.2995 mL	44.5991 mL
5 mM	0.8920 mL	4.4599 mL	8.9198 mL
10 mM	0.4460 mL	2.2300 mL	4.4599 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.15 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (11.15 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 98.0%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (282 KB) SDS (759 KB)

COA (249 KB) HNMR (248 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Li H, et al. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone exposure causes the damage of cerebrovascular and blood brain barrier in zebrafish via inducing inflammation and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2026 Mar;301:110432.
[Content Brief]

[2]. Wang Z, et al. 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone induces cardiotoxicity in zebrafish via ferroptosis. Aquat Toxicol. 2025 Sep;286:107485.
[Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	4.4599 mL	22.2995 mL	44.5991 mL	111.4976 mL
	5 mM	0.8920 mL	4.4599 mL	8.9198 mL	22.2995 mL
	10 mM	0.4460 mL	2.2300 mL	4.4599 mL	11.1498 mL
	15 mM	0.2973 mL	1.4866 mL	2.9733 mL	7.4332 mL
	20 mM	0.2230 mL	1.1150 mL	2.2300 mL	5.5749 mL
	25 mM	0.1784 mL	0.8920 mL	1.7840 mL	4.4599 mL
	30 mM	0.1487 mL	0.7433 mL	1.4866 mL	3.7166 mL
	40 mM	0.1115 mL	0.5575 mL	1.1150 mL	2.7874 mL
	50 mM	0.0892 mL	0.4460 mL	0.8920 mL	2.2300 mL
	60 mM	0.0743 mL	0.3717 mL	0.7433 mL	1.8583 mL
	80 mM	0.0557 mL	0.2787 mL	0.5575 mL	1.3937 mL
	100 mM	0.0446 mL	0.2230 mL	0.4460 mL	1.1150 mL