Wnt5

Wnt5a is a noncanonical Wnt ligand that controls tissue morphogenesis through Wnt5a-Ror-Dishevelled signaling[1]. Mechanistically, Wnt gradients establish planar cell polarity by inducing Vangl2 phosphorylation through Ror2, linking Wnt5a signaling to directional tissue organization[2]. Wnt5a also uses CD146 as a receptor to regulate cell migration and zebrafish embryonic convergent extension[3]. In disease models, Wnt5a signaling directly affects metastatic melanoma cell motility and invasion, supporting its use in cancer invasion studies[4]. Compared with related WNT5A isoforms, WNT5A-long inhibits proliferation, whereas WNT5A-short increases proliferation in cancer models[5]. Compared with Wnt5b, Wnt5a coordinates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation through distinct regulation of cyclin D1 and p130 expression[6]. For experimental applications, Box5, a Wnt5a-derived hexapeptide, antagonizes Wnt5a-dependent melanoma cell migration and invasion by inhibiting Wnt5a-induced PKC and Ca2+ signaling[7].