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Pathways Recommended: Autophagy
Results for "

mitochondrial autophagy

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

164

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2

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1

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2

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11

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44

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Products

21

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

1

GMP Molecules

Targets Recommended:
Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0627
    Metformin
    195+ Cited Publications

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide

    		 AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin
  • HY-17471A
    Metformin hydrochloride
    195+ Cited Publications

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride

    		 AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin hydrochloride
  • HY-44134
    Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate
    1 Publications Verification

    Dimethyl α-ketoglutarate

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Drug Derivative Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate (Dimethyl α-ketoglutarate) is a cell-permeable derivative of 2-oxoglutarate and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite with antioxidant properties. Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate inhibits Autophagy. Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate prevents mitochondrial damage and reduces ROS production. Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate alleviates Carbon tetrachloride (HY-Y0298)-induced liver fibrosis. Dimethyl-2-oxoglutaric acid can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy .
    Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate
  • HY-15206
    Glibenclamide
    25+ Cited Publications

    Glyburide

    		 Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy CFTR P-glycoprotein Metabolic Disease
    Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K + channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity . Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) . Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability . Glibenclamide can induce autophagy .
    Glibenclamide
  • HY-15597
    Salinomycin
    45+ Cited Publications

    Procoxacin

    		 Bacterial Wnt β-catenin Mitophagy Autophagy Apoptosis Antibiotic Parasite Cancer
    Salinomycin (Procoxacin), a polyether potassium ionophore antibiotic, selectively inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. Salinomycin is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, blocks Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation. Salinomycin shows selective activity against human cancer stem cells .
    Salinomycin
  • HY-16397A
    Phenformin hydrochloride
    5+ Cited Publications

    Phenethylbiguanide hydrochloride

    		 Apoptosis mTOR Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .
    Phenformin hydrochloride
  • HY-134238
    Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Autophagy Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid that can be extracted from Bovine hear. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can maintain mitochondrial function, regulate cellular metabolism and signaling and induce apoptosis and autophagy. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be coated on microtitre plates for ELISA assay. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology, cardiovascular and neurological disease .
    Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium
  • HY-N6626
    Pyraclostrobin
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Bacterial Bcl-2 Family Fungal Autophagy mTOR Beclin1 AMPK Infection Metabolic Disease
    Pyraclostrobin is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. Pyraclostrobin can induce oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy through the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Pyraclostrobin can be used to control crop diseases .
    Pyraclostrobin
  • HY-N1462
    Atractyloside potassium salt
    4 Publications Verification

    		 Chloride Channel Autophagy mTOR AMPK Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Atractyloside potassium salt is a powerful and specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Atractyloside potassium salt inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Atractyloside potassium salt activates autophagy, inhibits ANT2, mTOR and promotes the activation of p-AMPK. Atractyloside potassium salt has anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung cancer and can inhibit liver steatosis. Atractylodesin potassium salt has nephrotoxicity .
    Atractyloside potassium salt
  • HY-B0116
    Stavudine
    4 Publications Verification

    d4T

    		 Reverse Transcriptase HIV Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Autophagy Apoptosis Infection
    Stavudine (d4T) is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Stavudine has activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Stavudine also inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Stavudine reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulates Amyloid-β autophagy. Stavudine induces apoptosis .
    Stavudine
  • HY-101180
    C2 Ceramide
    2 Publications Verification

    Ceramide 2

    		 Phosphatase Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Autophagy Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
    C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss .
    C2 Ceramide
  • HY-16397
    Phenformin
    5+ Cited Publications

    Phenethylbiguanide

    		 Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Apoptosis Autophagy mTOR Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .
    Phenformin
  • HY-N6779
    Patulin
    4 Publications Verification

    Terinin

    		 Bacterial Apoptosis Autophagy Antibiotic Infection
    Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, causes chromosome breakage, mutation, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage .
    Patulin
  • HY-110228
    Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    Metformin-d6 hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin-d6 hydrochloride
  • HY-115576
    P62-mediated mitophagy inducer
    5 Publications Verification

    		 p62 Mitophagy Autophagy Mitosis Neurological Disease Cancer
    P62-mediated mitophagy inducer (PMI) is a P62-mediated mitophagy activator. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer activates mitochondrial autophagy without recruitment of Parkin or collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and remains active in cells lacking a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer serves as a pharmacological tool to study the molecular mechanisms of mitosis, avoiding toxicity and some of the non-specific effects associated with the sudden dissipation of mitochondria lacking membrane potential .
    P62-mediated mitophagy inducer
  • HY-N0735
    Phellodendrine chloride
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Autophagy Apoptosis AMPK mTOR STAT Interleukin Related PKC p38 MAPK NF-κB COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) PI3K Akt MMP Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .
    Phellodendrine chloride
  • HY-141659
    CMPD-39
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Mitophagy Deubiquitinase Neurological Disease
    CMPD-39 is a selective non-covalent inhibitor of the ubiquitin-specific protease USP30 (IC50=~20 nM), with high selectivity over other DUB family members (1-100 μM). CMPD-39 inhibits the deubiquitinating activity of USP30, enhances the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins TOMM20 and SYNJ2BP; thus, CMPD-39 promotes phosphoubuitin accumulation, thereby accelerating mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and peroxisomal autophagy (pexophagy). CMPD-39 significantly restores impaired mitochondrial function in dopaminergic neurons derived from Parkinson's disease patients .
    CMPD-39
  • HY-12406
    VLX600
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Cancer
    VLX600 is an iron-chelating inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). VLX600 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and induces a strong shift to glycolysis. VLX600 displays selective cytotoxic activity against malignant cell and induces autophagy. Anticancer activity .
    VLX600
  • HY-N12060
    Ginkgo biloba extract

    		Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt JNK ERK Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
    Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy) . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .
    Ginkgo biloba extract
  • HY-100490
    Rilmenidine

    		Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces autophagy. Rilmenidine acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na +/H + antiport. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .
    Rilmenidine
  • HY-N1487
    Oleanonic acid
    2 Publications Verification

    3-Oxooleanolic acid

    		 HIV Autophagy Ferroptosis Amyloid-β Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Oleanonic acid (3-Oxooleanolic acid) is an orally available triterpene that has anti-inflammatory and insecticidal properties. In vitro, oleanonic acid can improve oxidative stress, autophagy defects, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Amyloid-β, and in vivo, it can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy in rats .
    Oleanonic acid
  • HY-122984
    Diquat dibromide
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Herbicide Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease Endocrinology
    Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds .
    Diquat dibromide
  • HY-N3980
    Guaiol
    1 Publications Verification

    Champacol; Guaiac alcohol

    		 Autophagy RAD51 Infection Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Guaiol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol with oral activity found in various traditional Chinese medicines, exhibiting biological activities such as anti-proliferative, autophagy-promoting, insecticidal, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Guaiol induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the stability of RAD51 through autophagy modulation. Guaiol can also act directly on parasites, inhibiting their growth by affecting the kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasma membrane of the promastigotes. Guaiol kills amastigotes at an IC50 of 0.01 µg/mL. Guaiol can be used in research related to cancer, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions [4]
    Guaiol
  • HY-100490B
    Rilmenidine phosphate

    		Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Rilmenidine phosphate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine phosphate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na +/H + antiport. Rilmenidine phosphate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .
    Rilmenidine phosphate
  • HY-173572
    SKLB-11A

    		Sirtuin Autophagy Cardiovascular Disease
    SKLB-11A is a selective, orally active and allosteric SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) agonist with a Kd value of 4.7 μM. SKLB-11A is highly selective for other members of the SIRT family. SKLB-11A activates autophagy-related signaling pathways, prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, improves cardiac function in Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced cardiotoxicity and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models .
    SKLB-11A
  • HY-P3003
    Cereulide

    		Potassium Channel Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K +, and transports K + from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning .
    Cereulide
  • HY-N4087
    Platycodin D2
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Mitophagy Autophagy Ferroptosis Interleukin Related IFNAR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Platycodin D2 is an orally active triterpenoid saponin found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodin D2 induces mitophagy in cancer cells through NIX, thereby activating the P21/CyclinA2 pathway and promoting cell senescence. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, enhances autophagy, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, and exhibits anti-tumor activity against multiple cancer cell types. Platycodin D2 promotes mRNA expression of T-bet, GATA-3, Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, and Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, enhances splenocyte proliferation, and acts as a vaccine adjuvant with low rabbit red blood cell hemolytic activity. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial ROS production, incomplete autophagy, and ferroptosis to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. Platycodin D2 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and immunology .
    Platycodin D2
  • HY-N0429
    Diosbulbin B
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Apoptosis MDM-2/p53 Bcl-2 Family CDK Cancer
    Diosbulbin B, a diterpene lactone, is an anticancer agent. Diosbulbin B is an orally active component of Dioscorea. bulbifera L. Diosbulbin B can inhibit cell proliferation, induce G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Diosbulbin B can induce autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Diosbulbin B can induce liver injury. Diosbulbin B can be used for the research of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .
    Diosbulbin B
  • HY-W040128
    Kanamycins sulfate

    		Antibiotic Autophagy JNK Bcl-2 Family Infection
    Kanamycins sulfate is a blood-brain barrier-permeable JNK1 and Bcl-2 modulator as well as an antibiotic, with broad-spectrum antibacterial, and biofilm-inhibiting activities, and it induces autophagy. Kanamycins sulfate promotes Bcl-2 phosphorylation to upregulate autophagy levels, triggering changes such as mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum expansion. Consequently, it causes reversible neuronal damage in the dorsal cochlear nucleus without inducing significant neuronal apoptosis. In the presence of exogenous alanine or glucose, Kanamycins sulfate effectively kills drug-resistant bacteria, restores drug sensitivity of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and alleviates urinary tract and kidney infections in mice. Kanamycins sulfate can be applied to scientific research related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonellosis, brucellosis, shigellosis, urinary tract infections, and reversible neurotoxicity .
    Kanamycins sulfate
  • HY-N9182
    Zeaxanthin dipalmitate

    Physalien

    		 Adiponectin Receptor P2X Receptor Autophagy Inflammation/Immunology
    Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (Physalien) is a wolfberry-derived carotenoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate directly interact with p2X7 receptor (Kd=81.2 nM) and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1; Kd=533 nM) in a positive dose-dependent manner. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate restores mitochondrial autophagy functions suppressed by ethanol intoxication. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate can be used in the research of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) .
    Zeaxanthin dipalmitate
  • HY-N1983
    Caudatin
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism PARP Caspase Bcl-2 Family VEGFR FAK WDR5 p38 MAPK JNK PPAR Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Caudatin is an orally active and brain-penetrant C-21 steroidal found in Cynanchum bungei decne with a variety of biological activities. Caudatin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cause cell phase arrest, induce apoptosis, autophagy, ROS prodution and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Caudatin activates PARP, caspase-3, -7, -9, upregulates pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax and downregulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Caudatin suppresses VEGF, FAK phosphorylation, upregulates p21, p27, DR5 protein expression, activates the p38 MAPK, JNK and PPARα/TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal signaling pathways. Caudatin can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and neurological disease, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease .
    Caudatin
  • HY-17471AR
    Metformin hydrochloride (Standard)

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N0427
    Phellodendrine

    		Akt NF-κB AMPK mTOR PKC STAT Interleukin Related p38 MAPK COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy PI3K MMP Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Phellodendrine is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .
    Phellodendrine
  • HY-134640
    AUTAC4
    4 Publications Verification

    		 AUTACs Mitophagy Neurological Disease Cancer
    AUTAC4 is a mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC4 downregulates cytosolic proteins and promotes targeted mitochondrial turnover via mitophagy .
    AUTAC4
  • HY-124632
    WJ460
    3 Publications Verification

    		 Ferroptosis Autophagy Cancer
    WJ460 is a potent inhibitor of myoferlin (MYOF) that interacts directly with MYOF. WJ460 inhibits the migration and growth, induces cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial autophagy, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in tumor cells. WJ460 has anti-tumor activity .
    WJ460
  • HY-15206S1
    Glyburide-d3

    Glyburide-d3

    		 Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy CFTR P-glycoprotein Metabolic Disease
    Glyburide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity[1]. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR)[3]. Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability[4]. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy[5].
    Glyburide-d3
  • HY-100490A
    Rilmenidine hemifumarate

    		Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Rilmenidine hemifumarate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine hemifumarate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na +/H + antiport. Rilmenidine hemifumarate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .
    Rilmenidine hemifumarate
  • HY-I0501
    2'-Aminoacetophenone

    o-aminoacetophenone

    		 Bacterial Apoptosis Atg8/LC3 p62 Autophagy Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle .
    2'-Aminoacetophenone
  • HY-150407
    TSPO ligand-1

    		Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC Autophagy Others Neurological Disease Cancer
    TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial autophagy to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration .
    TSPO ligand-1
  • HY-145816A
    JPS016 TFA
    1 Publications Verification

    		 HDAC PROTACs Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Cancer
    JPS016 TFA is a class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) PROTAC inhibitor. JPS016 TFA recruits the VHL E3 ligase (Ligands for E3 Ligase) to mediate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3. JPS016 TFA reduces the viability of colon cancer cells and induces Apoptosis. JPS016 TFA activates the PINK1/Parkin mitochondrial Autophagy pathway, enhances cardiomyocyte viability, alleviates mitochondrial damage, and reduces mitochondrial ROS production in cells. JPS016 TFA is applicable to research related to colon cancer and sepsis cardiomyopathy .
    JPS016 TFA
  • HY-15206S
    Glyburide-d11

    		Isotope-Labeled Compounds Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy CFTR P-glycoprotein Metabolic Disease
    Glyburide-d11 is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity . Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) . Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability . Glibenclamide can induce autophagy .
    Glyburide-d11
  • HY-B0627S
    Metformin-d6

    1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Metformin-d6 (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .
    Metformin-d6
  • HY-147108
    Mitochondria degrader-1

    		Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Mitochondria degrader-1 (example 5) is a potent mitochondria degrader. Mitochondria degrader-1 induces the degradation of the injured mitochondria by the autophagy mechanism. Mitochondria degrader-1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative disease, cancer, inflammatory disease, age-related disease, metabolic disease, mitochondrial disease or Down's disease .
    Mitochondria degrader-1
  • HY-151412
    T-271

    		Mitophagy Neurological Disease
    T-271 is a selective inducer of mitochondrial autophagy .
    T-271
  • HY-124726
    Aumitin

    		Autophagy Neurological Disease Cancer
    Aumitin is a diaminopyrimidine-based autophagy inhibitor which inhibits mitochondrial respiration by targeting complex I. Aumitin inhibits starvation- and rapamycin induced autophagy dose dependently with IC50s of 0.12 μM and 0.24 μM, respectively .
    Aumitin
  • HY-138978
    MF-095

    		Mitophagy Deubiquitinase Neurological Disease
    MF-095 is a USP30 inhibitor. MF-095 promotes mitochondrial autophagy. MF-095 can be used in neurological disease-related research .
    MF-095
  • HY-P3003S
    Cereulide-13C6

    		Isotope-Labeled Compounds Apoptosis Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Cereulide- 13C6 is a deuterated form of Cereulide. Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K +, and transports K + from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning.
    Cereulide-13C6
  • HY-134656
    BC1618
    1 Publications Verification

    		 AMPK Mitophagy E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    BC1618, an orally active Fbxo48 inhibitory compound, stimulates Ampk-dependent signaling (via preventing activated pAmpkα from Fbxo48-mediated degradation). BC1618 promotes mitochondrial fission, facilitates autophagy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity .
    BC1618
  • HY-N2673
    5-Heptadecylresorcinol

    5-n-Heptadecylresorcinol; AR-C17

    		 Sirtuin Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
    5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17), a phenolic lipid component, is also an orally active mitochondrial protector. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol improves mitochondrial function via sirtuin3 signaling pathway, thus alleviates endothelial cell damage and apoptosis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol induces sirtuin3-mediated autophagy. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol reduces the atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root region of mice heart. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol can be used for research of atherosclerosis prevention and obesity .
    5-Heptadecylresorcinol
  • HY-N0867
    13-Oxyingenol-13-dodecanoate

    		HIV ULK Bcl-2 Family Infection Cancer
    13-Oxyingenol-dodecanoate (13OD) is a tumor suppressor agent. 13-Oxyingenol-dodecanoate has anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 value of 33.7 nM .13-Oxyingenol-dodecanoate can induce the expression of ULK1 to effect mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular autophagy. 13-Oxyingenol-dodecanoate also increases the expression of BAX and suppresses the expression of BCL-2 to effect apoptosis .
    13-Oxyingenol-13-dodecanoate

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