Cat. No.: HY-N1462

Atractyloside potassium salt

4 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Atractyloside potassium salt is a powerful and specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Atractyloside potassium salt inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Atractyloside potassium salt activates autophagy, inhibits ANT2, mTOR and promotes the activation of p-AMPK. Atractyloside potassium salt has anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung cancer and can inhibit liver steatosis. Atractylodesin potassium salt has nephrotoxicity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 102130-43-8
Formula: C₃₀H₄₄K₂O₁₆S₂
Molecular Weight:802.99

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Atractyloside potassium salt Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 102130-43-8

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Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All mTOR Isoforms :

All AMPK Isoforms :

In Vitro

Atractyloside (7.5-15 µM, 10 min) potassium salt induces low contractile reaction of arteriolar smooth muscle through mitochondrial damage in arteriolar smooth muscle cells^[5].
Atractyloside (2.5-7.5 µM, 24 h) potassium salt activates autophagy to accelerate the degradation of TGs in FFA-treated steatosis HepG2 cells^[6].
Atractylodesin (5-100 µM, 10 min) potassium salt inhibits the translocation of 3'-phospho-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to rat liver Golgi vesicles^[7].
Atractylodesin (as little as 20 μM) potassium salt causes significant enzyme leakage from proximal tubules in vitro^[8].
Atractyloside (≥200 μ M, 3 h) potassium salt causes a significant increase of lipid peroxidation in liver slices^[9].
Atractyloside (1-5 µM, 48 h) potassium salt inhibits Gefitinib (HY-50895)‑resistant non‑small‑cell lung cancer cell proliferation^[10].
Atractyloside (5 mM, 48 h) potassium salt induces release of cathepsin B from purified lysosomes^[11].
Atractyloside (20 µM) potassium salt blocks the protective effect of Puerarin (HY-N0145) in isolated rat heart^[12].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[6]

Cell Line:

HepG2 cells and L-02 cells
Concentration:

2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM.
Had no effect on the viability of HepG2 cells (2.5, 5, and 7.5 μM).
Inhibited viability of L-02 cells (20 μM).

In Vivo

Atractyloside (2-4 mg/kg, i.p., 2 weeks before feeding duration ends) potassium salt protects mice against liver steatosis by activation of autophagy via ANT-AMPK-mTORC1 signaling pathway^[13].
Atractyloside (50 mg/kg, i.p.) potassium salt produces a tubular nephrosis 180 min after its administration in male albino rats^[14].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male ICR wide-type (WT) mice (feed with a high-fat diet (HFD))^[13]
Dosage:

2, 4 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), 2 weeks before the feeding duration ends
Result:

Reversed the changes of body weight, RW of liver and epididymal fat, and the serum AST level.
Improved the NAFLD steatosis and decrease HFD-induced lipid accumulation in the liver.
Decreased the protein expression of p-mTOR and the value of p-mTOR/mTOR.
Increased the protein expression of LC3A/B-Ⅱ and ATG7.
Increased amount of colocalization of LC3B and PLIN2.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 102130-43-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 802.99
Formula C₃₀H₄₄K₂O₁₆S₂
Color White to light yellow
SMILES

[H][C@@]12C(C(O)=O)C[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)OS(=O)(O[K])=O)OS(=O)(O[K])=O)OC(CC(C)C)=O)C[C@@]1(C)[C@@]4([H])[C@@]5([C@@H](O)C([C@H](CC4)C5)=C)CC2
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Diterpenoids
Initial Source
- Plants
- Compositae
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Publications (4)

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Journal Impact Factor

Biomed Pharmacother

Bongkrekic acid alleviates airway inflammation via breaking the mPTP/mtDAMPs/RAGE feedback loop in a steroid-insensitive asthma model. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 15:177:117111. PMID: 39013220
Bioengineered

Knockdown of forkhead box protein P1 alleviates hypoxia reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells through regulating Pik3ip1/Akt/eNOS and ROS/mPTP pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Jan;13(1):1320-1334. PMID: 35000528
Membranes

The Infarct-Reducing Effect of the δ2 Opioid Receptor Agonist Deltorphin II: The Molecular Mechanism. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 4;13(1):63. PMID: 36676870
Oncol Lett

Atractyloside inhibits gefitinib‑resistant non‑small‑cell lung cancer cell proliferation. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 30;28(4):466. PMID: 39119229

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (311.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 66.67 mg/mL (83.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.2453 mL

6.2267 mL

12.4535 mL

5 mM

0.2491 mL

1.2453 mL

2.4907 mL

10 mM

0.1245 mL

0.6227 mL

1.2453 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.59 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.59 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.59 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (62.27 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (288 KB)
SDS (420 KB)
- English - EN (420 KB)
- Français - FR (420 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (420 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (420 KB)
- Español - ES (420 KB)
- Swedish - SV (420 KB)
- Italian - IT (420 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (420 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Malekova L, et al. Bongkrekic acid and atractyloside inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jan;1767(1):31-44. [Content Brief]

[2]. Nikles S, et al. Influence of Processing on the Content of Toxic Carboxyatractyloside and Atractyloside and the Microbiological Status of Xanthium sibiricum Fruits (Cang'erzi). Planta Med. 2015 Aug;81(12-13):1213-20. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lemasters JJ, et al. Phosphate dependence and atractyloside inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The ADP-ATP carrier is rate-limiting. J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 25;254(4):1248-51. [Content Brief]

[4]. Malekova L, et al. Bongkrekic acid and atractyloside inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jan;1767(1):31-44.

[5]. Song R, et al. Atractyloside induces low contractile reaction of arteriolar smooth muscle through mitochondrial damage. J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Jun;32(6):402-8. [Content Brief]

[6]. Zhang P, et al. Mitochondrial Energy-Regulating Effect of Atractyloside Inhibits Hepatocellular Steatosis Through the Activation of Autophagy. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 30;11:575695. [Content Brief]

[7]. Capasso JM, et al. Effect of atractylosides, palmitoyl coenzyme A, and anion transport inhibitors on translocation of nucleotide sugars and nucleotide sulfate into Golgi vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 10;259(7):4263-6. [Content Brief]

[8]. Obatomi DK, et al. Selective cytotoxicity associated with in vitro exposure of fresh rat renal fragments and continuous cell lines to atractyloside. Arch Toxicol. 1996;71(1-2):93-8. [Content Brief]

[9]. Obatomi DK, et al. The toxic mechanism and metabolic effects of atractyloside in precision-cut pig kidney and liver slices. Arch Toxicol. 1998 Jul-Aug;72(8):524-30. [Content Brief]

[10]. Yao W, et al. Atractyloside inhibits gefitinib‑resistant non‑small‑cell lung cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett. 2024 Jul 30;28(4):466. [Content Brief]

[11]. Vancompernolle K, et al. Atractyloside-induced release of cathepsin B, a protease with caspase-processing activity. FEBS Lett. 1998 Nov 6;438(3):150-8. [Content Brief]

[12]. Gao Q, et al. Atractyloside and 5-hydroxydecanoate block the protective effect of puerarin in isolated rat heart. Life Sci. 2006 Jun 13;79(3):217-24. [Content Brief]

[13]. Zhang P, et al. Atractyloside Protect Mice Against Liver Steatosis by Activation of Autophagy via ANT-AMPK-mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 21;12:736655. [Content Brief]

[14]. Carpenedo F, et al. Nephrotoxic effect of atractyloside in rats. Arch Toxicol. 1974;32(3):169-80. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	1.2453 mL	6.2267 mL	12.4535 mL	31.1336 mL
	5 mM	0.2491 mL	1.2453 mL	2.4907 mL	6.2267 mL
	10 mM	0.1245 mL	0.6227 mL	1.2453 mL	3.1134 mL
	15 mM	0.0830 mL	0.4151 mL	0.8302 mL	2.0756 mL
	20 mM	0.0623 mL	0.3113 mL	0.6227 mL	1.5567 mL
	25 mM	0.0498 mL	0.2491 mL	0.4981 mL	1.2453 mL
	30 mM	0.0415 mL	0.2076 mL	0.4151 mL	1.0378 mL
	40 mM	0.0311 mL	0.1557 mL	0.3113 mL	0.7783 mL
	50 mM	0.0249 mL	0.1245 mL	0.2491 mL	0.6227 mL
	60 mM	0.0208 mL	0.1038 mL	0.2076 mL	0.5189 mL
	80 mM	0.0156 mL	0.0778 mL	0.1557 mL	0.3892 mL
DMSO	100 mM	0.0125 mL	0.0623 mL	0.1245 mL	0.3113 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Atractyloside potassium salt

4 Cited Publications

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Atractyloside potassium salt

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Atractyloside potassium salt

All mTOR Isoforms

All AMPK Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Solvent & Solubility