1. Neuronal Signaling GPCR/G Protein Apoptosis Autophagy
  2. Imidazoline Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Apoptosis Autophagy
  3. Rilmenidine hemifumarate

Rilmenidine hemifumarate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine hemifumarate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine hemifumarate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells .

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Rilmenidine hemifumarate Chemical Structure

Rilmenidine hemifumarate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 207572-68-7

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

Rilmenidine hemifumarate, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine hemifumarate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine hemifumarate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine hemifumarate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells [1][2][3].

In Vitro

Rilmenidine provides antihypertensive efficacy comparable with that of diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors[1].
Rilmenidine (25-100 μM; 24 hours) inhibits K562 cell proliferation[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: K562 cells
Concentration: 25, 50, 100 μM
Incubation Time: 24 hours
Result: Dose-dependently inhibited K562 colony formation.
In Vivo

Rilmenidine-treated N171-82Q mice (i.p.; 4-times a week) displays significant improved forelimb grip strength and all limbs grip strength from 12 to 22 weeks of age[3].
Rilmenidine decreases levels of mutant huntingtin[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

238.28

Formula

C10H16N2O.1/2C4H4O4

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)/C=C/C(O)=O.C1(NC(C2CC2)C3CC3)=NCCO1.[0.5]

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

-20°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 50 mg/mL (209.84 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 10 mg/mL (41.97 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.1967 mL 20.9837 mL 41.9674 mL
5 mM 0.8393 mL 4.1967 mL 8.3935 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (4.20 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 1 mg/mL (4.20 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 1 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.82%

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 4.1967 mL 20.9837 mL 41.9674 mL 104.9186 mL
5 mM 0.8393 mL 4.1967 mL 8.3935 mL 20.9837 mL
10 mM 0.4197 mL 2.0984 mL 4.1967 mL 10.4919 mL
15 mM 0.2798 mL 1.3989 mL 2.7978 mL 6.9946 mL
20 mM 0.2098 mL 1.0492 mL 2.0984 mL 5.2459 mL
25 mM 0.1679 mL 0.8393 mL 1.6787 mL 4.1967 mL
30 mM 0.1399 mL 0.6995 mL 1.3989 mL 3.4973 mL
40 mM 0.1049 mL 0.5246 mL 1.0492 mL 2.6230 mL
H2O 50 mM 0.0839 mL 0.4197 mL 0.8393 mL 2.0984 mL
60 mM 0.0699 mL 0.3497 mL 0.6995 mL 1.7486 mL
80 mM 0.0525 mL 0.2623 mL 0.5246 mL 1.3115 mL
100 mM 0.0420 mL 0.2098 mL 0.4197 mL 1.0492 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Rilmenidine hemifumarate
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