Magnoliaceae

Honokiol is a bioactive, biphenolic phytochemical that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities by targeting a variety of signaling molecules. It inhibits the activation of Akt. Honokiol can readily cross the blood brain barrier.

Magnolol, a natural lignan isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC₅₀ values of 10.4 µM and 17.7 µM, respectively.

(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) iodide is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide also has significant antifungal activity.

Tetrahydromagnolol (Magnolignan), the main metabolite of Magnolol, is a potent and selective cannabinoidCB2 receptor agonist (EC₅₀ =170 nM) and GPR55 antagonist. The K_i of Tetrahydromagnolol for CB2 is 416 nM, 20-fold higher than for the CB1 receptor. Magnolol shows antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) is a non-phenolic furanoid lignin. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether can be isolated from Magnolia biondii. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether activates MAPK, PKC, and PKA upstream pathways and inhibits NO levels. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether has neuroprotective activity.

Bornesitol is a natural cytotoxic agent found in Michelia compressa var. lanyuensis. Bornesitol exhibits cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities, and can be used in melanoma research.

Tetradecanenitrile is a nitrogen-containing saturated long-chain aliphatic nitrile that can be found in Pseudomonas veronii R02. Tetradecanenitrile can be used for the research of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Sesaminone is a lignan found in the leaves of Magnolia coco.

Obovatol is a biphenyl ether lignan isolated from the leaves of Magnolia obovata Thunb.

Magnoloside B is an α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀=0.69 mM), which can be obtained from Magnolia officinalis stem bark. Magnoloside B shows moderate inhibitory activity against MGC-803 and HepG2 cells. Magnoloside B has the potential to study cancer and diabetes.

Fargesin is a bioactive neolignan isolated from magnolia plants, with antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects.

Magnolin, a major component of Magnolia liliiflora, inhibits the Ras/ERKs/RSK2 signaling axis by targeting the active pocket of ERK1 and ERK2 with IC₅₀s of 87 nM and 16.5 nM, respectively.

4-O-Methyl honokiol is a natural neolignan isolated from Magnolia officinalis, acts as a PPARγ agonist, and inhibtis NF-κB activity, used for cancer and inflammation research.

Liriodenine (Spermatheridine; VLT045) is an aporphine alkaloid isolated from the plant?Mitrephora sirikitiae?and has anti-cancer activities. Liriodenine induces cell apoptosis, activates the intrinsic pathway by induction of caspase-3 and caspase-9.

N-Phenethylbenzamide is an active compound. N-Phenethylbenzamide can be extracted from Liriodendron tulipifera. N-Phenethylbenzamide can be used for the research of inflammatory diseases.

Eudesmin ((-)-Eudesmin) impairs adipogenic differentiation via inhibition of S6K1 signaling pathway. Eudesmin possesses diverse therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities.

Dihydrohonokiol B (Dihydrohonokiol) is an anxiolytic agent. Dihydrohonokiol B can reduce the neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein by stimulating the GABA_C receptor. Dihydrohonokiol B can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Magnoloside F is a natural compound that can be isolated from the Magnolia officinalis, and has antioxidant activity.

Dehydroglaucine is a potent antimicrobial alkaloid.

Di-O-methylhonokiol is a natural phenolic compound that can be isolated from magnolia flowers. Di-O-methylhonokiol has significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, acid-fast bacilli, and yeast-like and filamentous fungi. Di-O-methylhonokiol can be used in the study of fungal infections.