Paraptosis
Paraptosis is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation and the absence of chromatin condensation and cell fragmentation[1]. It is usually associated with mitochondrial and/or ER swelling. Paraptosis is independent of caspase activation; it is accompanied by an alteration of Ca2+ and redox homeostasis and depends on mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. Paraptosis can be inhibited by the multifunctional adapter protein AIP-1/Alix, by translation inhibitor cycloheximide, or RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D. Paraptosis can be induced by PDT based on hypericin, the pyropheophorbide, photofrin, and benzoporphyrin derivative, but its immunogenic properties are not known yet[2]. Paraapoptosis plays an important biological role in many disease models such as cancer and neurodegenerative cell death[3][4].
References:
- [1]. Xu CC, et al. Paraptosis: a non-classical paradigm of cell death for cancer therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Feb;45(2):223-237. [Content Brief]
- [2]. 2、Mishchenko TA, et al. Ferroptosis and Photodynamic Therapy Synergism: Enhancing Anticancer Treatment. Trends Cancer. 2021 Jun;7(6):484-487. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Moloney AM, et al. Defects in IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor and IRS-1/2 in Alzheimer's disease indicate possible resistance to IGF-1 and insulin signalling. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Feb;31(2):224-43. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Zhang JS, et al. γ-Tocotrienol induces paraptosis-like cell death in human colon carcinoma SW620 cells. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57779. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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Paraptosis Related Products (12)
Related Products (12)
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MCB-613
0 ImagesMCB-613 is a potent Steroid receptor coactivator SRC small molecule ‘stimulator’ (SMS), super-stimulates SRCs’ transcriptional activity. MCB-613 increases SRCs’ interactions with other coactivators and markedly induces ER stress coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MCB-613 is a SMS that target oncogenes can be exploited as anti-cancer agents by over-stimulating the SRC oncogenic program.
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4-PQBH
0 Images4-PQBH is a potent Nur77 binder (KD=1.17 μM). 4-PQBH extensively induces caspase-independent cytoplasmic vacuolization and paraptosis through Nur77-mediated ER stress and autophagy. 4-PQBH can be used for cancer research.
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BQZ-485
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-156242CAS No.: 1906915-49-8BQZ-485 is a a potent GDI2 inhibitor through the interaction with Tyr245. BQZ-485 disrupts the intrinsic GDI2-Rab1A interaction, thereby abolishing vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and initiating subsequent paraptosis events.
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DHW-221
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130133CAS No.: 2378831-21-9DHW-221 is a potent orally active dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, exhibiting low nanomolar potency against all four Class I PI3K isoforms and mTOR (PI3Kα, IC50 = 0.50 nM; PI3Kβ, IC50 = 1.9 nM; PI3Kγ, IC50 = 1.8 nM; PI3Kδ, IC50 = 0.74 nM; mTOR, IC50 = 3.9 nM). DHW-221 exerts antitumor effects by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and paraptosis (via Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and MAPK signaling) and arrests cell cycle, thereby inhibiting cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. DHW-221 inhibits tumor growth in both the A549/Taxol (HY-B0015) and the HCC827 xenograft mouse models. DHW-221 can be used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon and breast cancer research.
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fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3]
![fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3]](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-155719.gif "Click to View fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] Product Detail")
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-155719fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 3), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells with IC50=0.32 μM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in mitochondria, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes paraptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Chalcomoracin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N20674CAS No.: 76472-89-4Chalcomoracin is an orally effective anticancer agent. Chalcomoracin exhibits anticancer, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with an IC50 of 14.23 µM against yeast α-glucosidase and an IC50 of 5.5 μM against FabI of Staphylococcus aureus. Chalcomoracin reduces the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and P38; enhances the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2; regulates the MAPK, mTOR, AKT, and p53 signaling pathways; upregulates the expression of Chop, Bip, PINK1, GRP78, and GADD153; and downregulates the expression of Alix. Chalcomoracin induces apoptosis (apoptosis), endoplasmic reticulum stress (endoplasmic reticulum stress), paraptosis (paraptosis), ROS production, mitophagy (mitophagy), and autophagy (autophagy); it inhibits cancer cell viability, colony-forming ability, migration, invasion, proliferation, tumorigenesis, fatty acid synthesis, S. aureus growth, vitreous-stimulated retinal cell activity, and cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase. Chalcomoracin can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, prostate cancer, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pancreatic cancer, diabetes, and bacterial infections.
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GW837016X
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-129288CAS No.: 833473-68-0Synonyms: NEU-391GW837016X (NEU-391) is an orally active ErbB-2 kinase covalent inhibitor. GW837016X also is a potent antitrypanosome agent. GW837016X inhibits mitosis and cytokinesis.
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(E/Z)-MCB-613
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-19625ACAS No.: 296792-62-6(E/Z)-MCB-613 is a pan-Steroid Receptor Coactivator (SRC) stimulator. (E/Z)-MCB-613 overstimulates SRC activity in cancer cells resulting in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell stress and death by a process called paraptosis. (E/Z)-MCB-613 is a cytotoxic molecule that plays an important role in cancer.
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HAT-IN-10
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-180452CAS No.: 2998560-77-1HAT-IN-10 (Compound 12a) is an anti-human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) agent, with an EC50 value of 0.23 μM for T. brucei. HAT-IN-10 can be used for research on HAT.
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Antimalarial agent 54
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-180945Antimalarial agent 54 (Compound 23) is a potent antimalarial agent that mainly kills the late-stage trophozoites of the malaria parasite. Antimalarial agent 54 can inhibit the formation of hemozoin in the malaria parasite, resulting in the accumulation of free hemoglobin within the malaria parasite. Antimalarial agent 54 shows IC50 values of 0.14 and 0.19 μM against P. falciparum NF54 and Dd2 parasite. Antimalarial agent 54 can be used for research of malaria.
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[Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3]
![[Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3]](https://file.medchemexpress.com/product_pic/hy-157974.gif "Click to View [Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3] Product Detail")
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-157974[Ag(2,2′-bipy)(dppe)][CF3SO3] (compound 4) can induce cell paraptosis, and can be used for stusy of resistant ovarian cancer.
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Antitrypanosomal agent 21
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-168538Antitrypanosomal agent 21 (Compound C-1) is a trypanosoma brucei inhibitor. Antitrypanosomal agent 21 decreases the level of D6XM23 in parasite lysates.
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