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Results for "

Oxidative Metabolism

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Mitochondrial Metabolism (23) Oxidative Phosphorylation (19) 5-HT Receptor (5) AAK1 (1) Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (3) Acyltransferase (1) Akt (10) Amino Acid Derivatives (1) Aminotransferases (Transaminases) (1) AMPK (12) Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) (1) Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) (2) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (54) Atg8/LC3 (1) Autophagy (26) Bacterial (6) Bcl-2 Family (8) Biochemical Assay Reagents (14) Bombesin Receptor (1) Bradykinin Receptor (1) c-Met/HGFR (1) c-Myc (1) Calcium Channel (2) Carbonic Anhydrase (1) Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (5) Caspase (8) CDK (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (4) Claudin (2) COX (5) Cyclin G-associated Kinase (GAK) (1) Cytochrome P450 (5) Dengue Virus (3) DGK (1) Dimethylargininase (DDAH) (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (10) Drug Derivative (2) Drug Intermediate (1) Drug Metabolite (9) Endogenous Metabolite (88) Environmental Pollutants (9) ERK (2) FAAH (1) FABP (2) Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) (7) Ferroptosis (4) Flavivirus (3) Fluorescent Dye (3) FOXO (2) Fungal (9) FXR (1) GABA Receptor (2) GLP Receptor (8) GLUT (3) Glutathione Peroxidase (1) Glutathione S-transferase (1) GSK-3 (1) HBV (1) HDAC (1) Hepcidin (1) Herbicide (3) Histone Demethylase (1) HSP (4) HSV (1) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (3) Insecticide (7) Insulin Receptor (8) Interleukin Related (10) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) (2) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (20) JNK (3) Keap1-Nrf2 (4) Ketohexokinase (1) LIM Kinase (LIMK) (1) Liposome (1) MDM-2/p53 (1) MetAP (2) METTL3 (1) Microtubule/Tubulin (3) Mitophagy (2) Mitosis (6) MMP (3) Molecular Glues (1) Monoamine Oxidase (6) mTOR (8) Neprilysin (1) Neuropeptide Y Receptor (2) NF-κB (13) NKCC (1) NO Synthase (3) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (3) Opioid Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (19) Parasite (6) PARP (3) PD-1/PD-L1 (1) PDGFR (2) PDHK (2) PDK-1 (2) PGC-1α (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (3) Photosensitizer (1) PI3K (8) PKC (3) PPAR (9) Prostaglandin Receptor (3) PROTACs (1) Pyroptosis (2) Quinone Reductase (3) Raf (2) Ras (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (27) Reference Standards (37) Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) (1) Sirtuin (9) SnRK (1) SOD (2) Src (1) STAT (4) Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) (1) Succinate Dehydrogenase (3) Thymidylate Synthase (3) TNF Receptor (10) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1) Wee1 (1) Xanthine Oxidase (1) α-synuclein (8)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (73) Cardiovascular Disease (29) Endocrinology (6) Infection (33) Inflammation/Immunology (46) Metabolic Disease (143) Neurological Disease (63)
Oligonucleotides:	Nucleotide Analogs (1) Cationic Lipids (3) Cholesterol (1)

266

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

GMP Molecules

Targets Recommended: Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0399

L-Carnitine 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-123033A

Nicotinamide riboside chloride Maximum Cited Publications 25 Publications Verification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-128851

Coenzyme A 2 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .

HY-F0001

NADH disodium salt 5+ Cited Publications Disodium NADH	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) is an orally active reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-B0171

Antipyrine 3 Publications Verification Phenazone; Phenazon	Fluorescent Dye GABA Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Antipyrine (Phenazone) is an orally active antipyretic and analgesic. Antipyrine can be used as a probe agent for oxidative agent metabolism. Antipyrine also delays gastric emptying (GE) in rats .

HY-112540B

Acetoacetic acid sodium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Acetoacetic acid sodium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid sodium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid sodium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-128851B

Coenzyme A sodium 2 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Coenzyme A (CoASH) sodium is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .

HY-B0762

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride	Caspase Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-126358

Acetylcarnitine	Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Acetylcarnitine is a CNS-penetrant endogenous metabolite. Acetylcarnitine shuttling links mitochondrial metabolism to histone acetylation and lipogenesis. Acetylcarnitine attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Acetylcarnitine can be used for fatigue-associated diseases research. Acetylcarnitine can be used as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma .

HY-112540

Acetoacetic acid 4 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-113218

Acetyl-L-carnitine 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR	Caspase Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-123033

Nicotinamide riboside	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Nicotinamide riboside, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-B2246

L-Carnitine hydrochloride 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine hydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-B1162

Sulisobenzone 1 Publications Verification Benzophenone-4	Environmental Pollutants Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Sulisobenzone (Benzophenone-4) is a benzophenone-type UV filter. Sulisobenzone can act as a endocrine disrupting compound. Sulisobenzone disrupts energy metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, oxidative stress response, and endocrine function. Sulisobenzone thyroid hormone biosynthesis and induces oxidative stress .

HY-17598

Rafoxanide 5+ Cited Publications	Oxidative Phosphorylation Parasite p38 MAPK Raf Apoptosis	Infection Cancer
Rafoxanide is a poent, orally active halogenated salicylaniline agent with antiparasitic activity. Rafoxanide interferes with energy metabolism in trematodes by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Rafoxanide is also found to be a potent inhibitor of the BRAF V600E mutant protein, which is important in colorectal cancer. Rafoxanide can be used for the control of infestation with Hemonchus species or Fasciola species in sheep and cattle as well as Oestrus ovis in sheep. Rafoxanide can also be used for cancer research .

HY-128851A

Coenzyme A trilithium 2 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .

HY-145404

Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 1 Publications Verification	Opioid Receptor	Metabolic Disease
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl is a potent orally active agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR-1, K_i=0.8 nM) and an antagonist of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR-1, K_i=3.0 nM). Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl has moderate affinity for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR-1, K_i=24 nM) and does not recruit β-arrestin-2, acting through G protein-mediated signaling pathways without β-arrestin-2-related activation. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl produces potent analgesic activity through a mixed μ-agonist/δ-antagonist mechanism, with low side effects such as physical dependence, respiratory depression, and constipation, and no rewarding or aversive behaviors. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl reduces hyperactivity, inhibits GI transit, and enhances characteristics, making it a potential analgesic .

HY-W105518

L-Carnitine tartrate Maximum Cited Publications 20 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism ^{[3] ^.}

HY-112540A

Acetoacetic acid lithium 4 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Acetoacetic acid lithium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid lithium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid lithium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-114293

Acetyl coenzyme A Acetyl-CoA	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-Y0624

4-Pentenoic acid	Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
4-Pentenoic acid is a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid. 4-Pentenoic acid has hypoglycemic and fatty acid oxidation inhibitory activities. 4-Pentenoic acid can affect blood glucose metabolism and energy metabolism through mechanisms such as inhibiting long-chain fatty acid oxidation, reducing gluconeogenesis, and promoting glucose utilization .

HY-153392

TYA-018	Oxidative Phosphorylation HDAC	Cardiovascular Disease
TYA-018 is an orally active, potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. TYA-018 can protect heart function in mice. TYA-018 also enhances energetics in mice by increasing expression of targets associated with fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation .

HY-B0831

Buprofezin 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Oxidative Phosphorylation	Others
Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase .

HY-145963

DRB18 1 Publications Verification	GLUT	Cancer
DRB18 is a potent pan-class GLUT inhibitor. DRB18 alters energy-related metabolism in A549 cells by changing the abundance of metabolites in glucose-related pathways. DRB18 can eventually lead to G1/S phase arrest and increase oxidative stress and necrotic cell death. DRB18 has anti-tumor activity .

HY-123033C

Nicotinamide riboside malate Maximum Cited Publications 25 Publications Verification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Nicotinamide riboside malate, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-123033AR

Nicotinamide riboside chloride (Standard)	Reference Standards Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Nicotinamide riboside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nicotinamide riboside (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].

HY-124098

Lignocaine N-oxide Lidocaine N-oxide	Drug Metabolite	Others
Lignocaine N-oxide (Lidocaine N-oxide) is a compound derived from the metabolism of lidocaine. Lidocaine can be metabolized to its N-oxide in rat liver microsomes.

HY-B0171S

Antipyrine-d3 Phenazone-d₃; Phenazon-d₃	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Inflammation/Immunology
Antipyrine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Antipyrine. Antipyrine (Phenazone) is an antipyretic and analgesic. Antipyrine can be used as a probe agent for oxidative agent metabolism. Antipyrine has been widely used in assessment of hepatic oxidative capacity .

HY-139577

Ninerafaxstat IMB-1018972; IMB-101	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .

HY-W013268

(S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol (+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol	Cytochrome P450	Metabolic Disease
(S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol ((+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol) is a selective and competitive cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C19 inhibitor with a K_i of 250 nM. (S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol has low activity against CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 .

HY-B0399S

L-Carnitine-d9 1 Publications Verification (R)-Carnitine-d₉; Levocarnitine-d₉	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
L-Carnitine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine) is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-162353

AZ'9567		Cancer
AZ'9567 is an orally active MAT2a inhibitor with a pIC₅₀ of 9.1. AZ'9567 binds to MAT2a allosterically, reduces the synthesis of SAM, decreases SDMA levels, and exerts antiproliferative effects on MTAP-knockout cells. AZ'9567 depletes SAM, causes methionine accumulation in plasma and tissues, triggers adaptive disorders in one-carbon metabolism, transsulfuration metabolism and lipid metabolism, and induces oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis and lipid homeostasis imbalance. AZ'9567 can be used in studies related to MTAP-deficient/deleted cancers .

HY-B2246S

L-Carnitine-d9 chloride 1 Publications Verification (R)-Carnitine-d9 chloride; Levocarnitine-d9 chloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
L-Carnitine-d₉ (chloride)e is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine chloride. L-Carnitine chloride, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine chloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine chloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine chloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-P2888

Bilirubin oxidase BOD	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) is an electrocatalyst with oxygen removal activity. Bilirubin oxidase can catalyze the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin. Bilirubin oxidase participates in the metabolism of porphyrins and chlorophyll, and acts as a catalyst for oxygen reduction. Bilirubin oxidase can serve as a component of a single-enzyme oxygen removal system for reductase-based voltammetric biosensors .

HY-P3494

Hepcidin-25 (human)	Hepcidin Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Hepcidin-25 (human) is an iron metabolism regulator and Antimicrobial agent. Hepcidin-25 (human) exerts anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities by regulating iron-mediated oxidative damage .

HY-149987

LY3522348 KHK-IN-3	Ketohexokinase	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
KHK-IN-3 (Example 1) is a ketohexokinase (KHK) inhibitor. KHK-IN-3 can be used in the study of kidney disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), diabetes and heart failure. KHK is a rate-limiting enzyme and fructokinase involved in fructose metabolism. KHK catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate (FIP) at the expense of ATP. The lack of feedback inhibition of fructose metabolism triggers the accumulation of downstream intermediates such as lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation .

HY-P2891

Pyruvate Oxidase, Microorganisms PoxB	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Pyruvate Oxidase, Microorganisms (PoxB) is a peripheral membrane enzyme, isolated from microorganisms. Pyruvate oxidase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl phosphate, carbon dioxide and water. Pyruvate oxidase is an important enzyme in bacterial metabolism and is often used in biochemical research .

HY-B0399R

L-Carnitine (Standard) (R)-Carnitine (Standard); Levocarnitine (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnitine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-E70519

Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism	Monoamine Oxidase	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism (EC 1.4.3.4) is a copper enzyme found in the cytoplasm of animal cells that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic amine substrates. Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism involves in the metabolism and clearance of phenolamine compounds and has an important role in maintaining homeostasis in vivo. Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism is promising for research of hypertension, asthma, and depression .

HY-N7848

Linoleamide Linoleic acid amide	Calcium Channel	Metabolic Disease
Linoleamide is a linoleic acid amide. Linoleamide regulates Ca (II) ux and inhibits the erg current .

HY-123033B

Nicotinamide riboside tartrate Maximum Cited Publications 25 Publications Verification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Nicotinamide riboside tartrate, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside tartrate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-137989A

Voriconazole N-oxide hydrochloride Voriconazole oxynitride hydrochloride	Drug Metabolite	Infection
Voriconazole N-oxide (Voriconazole oxynitride) (hydrochloride) is the main metabolite of Voriconazole (HY-76200) , a widely used triazole antibiotic (fungal). Voriconazole N-oxide (hydrochloride) provides information on the patient's drug metabolism capacity .

HY-119393

Olanzapine N-oxide	Drug Metabolite	Others
Olanzapine N-oxide is a compound under investigation for the metabolism of antipsychotic compounds. Olanzapine N-oxidation and N-demethylation are catalyzed by different enzymes, and its plasma concentration and clearance are not affected by a single factor, such as a specific genotype or smoking behavior.

HY-128851R

Coenzyme A (Standard)	Reference Standards Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Coenzyme A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids[1].

HY-139577A

Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride MB-1018972 trihydrochloride; IMB-101 trihydrochloride	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride (IMB-1018972 trihydrochloride) is the trihydrochloride salt form of Ninerafaxstat (HY-139577). Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .

HY-E70523

Pentanoyl coenzyme A Valeryl-CoA; Valeryl-coenzyme A; Pentanoyl coenzyme A free acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Pentanoyl coenzyme A (Valeryl-CoA) is a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that functions as an intermediate in mitochondrial *β-oxidation* and related metabolic pathways. Pentanoyl coenzyme A results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of pentanoic acid. Pentanoyl coenzyme A's levels can reflect changes in lipid metabolism under different physiological and pathological conditions. Pentanoyl coenzyme A can be used for research on lipid metabolism .

HY-W023323

(S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
(S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride is a cytoprotective agent, which is a non-proteinogenic amino acid enantiomer derived from valine metabolism in skeletal muscle mitochondria. The plasma level of (S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride increases significantly after acute aerobic exercise (and is not affected by the AGXT2 rs37369 genotype), and it is secreted by mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in ex vivo contraction assays. (S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride specifically protects osteocytes from oxidative stress-induced cell death .

HY-N8049

Urolithin M7	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Urolithin M7 is an orally active metabolite, which is generated through gut microbiota metabolism. Urolithin M7 inhibits oxidative stress and modulates inflammatory signaling pathways. Urolithin M7 is promising for research of gut microbiota metabolism and cardiovascular diseases .

HY-P2725

Glycerol dehydrogenase	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol dehydrogenase is a polyol dehydrogenase that catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. Glycerol dehydrogenase can be used for glycerol metabolism in diverse microorganisms .

HY-P2993

Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Porcine heart ICDH; IDH	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Porcine heart (ICDH) is a citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and reduces NAD(P) ⁺ to NAD(P)H, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L092

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

1,652 compounds

Glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated to meet the energy requirements of the vital organs and maintain an individual’s health. Glucose metabolism includes glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic pathways. Glucose is the major carbon source that provides the main energy for life. Glucose metabolism dysregulation is also implicated in many diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases and even cancer.

MCE offers a unique collection of 1,652 compounds related to glucose metabolism, which target glucose metabolism related targets, such as GLUT, Hexokinase, Pyruvate Kinase, IDH, etc. MCE glucose metabolism library is a powerful tool for studying glucose metabolism and drug discovery of diseases related to glucose metabolism.

HY-L228

Lipid Metabolite Compound Library

145 compounds

Lipids are important energy storage substances in the human body. They are involved in the regulation of cell structure and function, as well as signaling pathways and gene expression. Abnormal lipid levels in tissues or their dysregulation can lead to various diseases. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and cancer. Therefore, maintaining normal levels of lipid metabolism is critical to overall health.

One of the key features of cancer is aberrant lipid metabolism. This includes alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, neolipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells. These changes all contribute to cellular survival in an ever-changing microenvironment. They do this by modulating feed-forward oncogenic signals and key oncogenic functions. Additionally, they affect oxidative stress, other types of stress, immune responses, and intercellular communication. Alterations in lipid metabolism have a strong impact on the properties of cancer stem cells. This includes aspects such as self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, drug sensitivity, and resistance. Furthermore, these alterations also modulate T cell responses.

MCE can offer 145 metabolites of lipid metabolism pathways, which can be used for drug screening in cancer, immune-based diseases, metabolic diseases, and other diseases.

HY-L182

Fatty Acids Compound Library

285 compounds

Fatty acids (FAs) are the main components of lipids. The synthesis of fatty acids mainly involves the Triglyceride (TG) cycle and De Novo Lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids which exist widely in organisms are components of cell membranes and play an indispensable role in cell signaling. In addition, FFAs can be taken up from circulating plasma by all mitochondria-containing cells, and they are metabolized by β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle to release large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fatty liver, hyperthyroidism, and other diseases.

MCE offers a unique collection of fatty acid compounds. Fatty Acids Compound Library is an important tool for the study of energy metabolism and drug development of metabolism-related diseases.

HY-L227

Amino Acid Metabolite Compound Library

198 compounds

Amino acids are the fundamental components that sustain life activities, playing roles in ATP generation, promoting nucleotide synthesis, and maintaining cellular redox balance. Moreover, dysregulation of amino acid consumption is a significant potential regulatory mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity in immune cells. The normal functioning of immune cells relies on amino acid metabolic pathways to obtain energy and materials, and upon activation, they reprogram their metabolism to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Additionally, metabolic disorders of specific amino acids (such as branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, and arginine) can exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby promoting myocardial fibrosis and cardiac cell damage. Therefore, conducting research related to amino acid metabolism holds promise for discovering potential drugs for diseases related to cancer, immunity, and metabolism.

MCE can provide 198 kinds of metabolites of amino acid metabolic pathways, which can be used for drug screening in various diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, metabolic diseases, mitochondrial-targeted diseases

HY-L098

Drug Metabolite Library

415 compounds

A drug metabolite is a byproduct of the body breaking down, or “metabolizing” a drug into a different substance. Most drugs undergo chemical alteration by various bodily systems as a way to create compounds that are more easily excreted from the body. Drugs can be metabolized by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, hydration, conjugation, condensation, or isomerization. Drug metabolism can produce metabolites with physicochemical and pharmacological properties that differ substantially from those of the parent drug, and consequently have important implications for both drug safety and efficacy.

MCE offers a unique collection of 415 drug metabolites which is a useful tool for drug safety and efficacy study and drug repurposing.

HY-L089

Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library

1,100 compounds

Mitochondria plays an important role in many vital processes in cells, including energy production, fatty-acid oxidation and the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, calcium signaling, permeability transition, apoptosis and heat production. At present, it is recognized that many diseases are associated with impaired mitochondrial function, such as increased accumulation of ROS and decreased OXPHOS and ATP production. Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, etc. Some small molecule drugs or biologics can act on mitochondria through various pathways, including ETC inhibition, OXPHOS uncoupling, mitochondrial Ca²⁺ modulation, and control of oxidative stress via decrease or increase of mitochondrial ROS accumulation.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 1,100 mitochondria-targeted compound that mainly targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism, ATP Synthase, Mitophagy, Reactive Oxygen Species, etc. MCE Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library is a useful tool for mitochondria-targeted drug discovery and related research.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-B0399G

L-Carnitine

(R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine

Fluorescent Dyes

L-Carnitine (GMP) is L-Carnitine (HY-B0399) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. L-Carnitine, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-119976

Boscalid

1 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-128851B

Coenzyme A sodium 2 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Coenzyme A (CoASH) sodium is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .

HY-134816

D-Glucan

Biochemical Assay Reagents

D-Glucan is an orally effective Dectin-1 receptor immune activator with antioxidant properties (reducing TNF-α). D-Glucan activates macrophages and neutrophils to scavenge free radicals, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and improve insulin sensitivity. D-Glucan promotes glycolysis by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and activating GK. D-Glucan can be used in the research of liver damage protection (antagonizing Acetaminophen (HY-66005) toxicity), radiation protection (synergistic with vitamin E) and diabetes (improving glucose metabolism) .

HY-128851A

Coenzyme A trilithium 2 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .

HY-W105518

L-Carnitine tartrate

Maximum Cited Publications

20 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism ^{[3] ^.}

HY-133971

Cholesterol 5α,6α-epoxide

5α,6α-Epoxycholesterol

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Cholesterol-5α,6α-epoxide is an epoxide derivative of cholesterol formed by the enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol in the liver and other tissues. Cholesterol-5α,6α-epoxide has unique chemical properties that make it an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of bile acids, which play a key role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. It also has a potential physiological role in regulating cholesterol metabolism and transport, although its biological function is not fully understood.

HY-113596A

Acetyl coenzyme A lithium

4 Publications Verification

Acetyl-CoA lithium

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-137782

Palmitoleoyl-CoA	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Palmitoleoyl-CoA can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

HY-W250154

β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium

Biochemical Assay Reagents

β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is an orally active reduced coenzyme. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-B0399G

L-Carnitine

(R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-W105518R

L-Carnitine tartrate (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

L-Carnitine (tartrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnitine (tartrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism ^{[3] ^.}

HY-134658

Hentriacontanoic acid

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Hentriacontanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in various plant and animal tissues, especially in certain waxes and oils, such as beeswax and lanolin. Hentriacontanoic acid has unique chemical properties that make it an important ingredient in many industrial products, including cosmetics, candles and lubricants. It also has potential physiological roles in regulating lipid metabolism and protecting against oxidative stress, although its biological function is not fully understood.

HY-W040074

Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate

Diglycine hydrochloride hydrate; Gly-Gly (HCl H2O)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate is a non-selective Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-119976R

Boscalid (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-B0167E

Salicylic acid Sterile Solution (1 mg/ml)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Salicylic acid Sterile Solution (1 mg/mL) is a sterile solution suitable for plant culture. Salicylic acid (HY-B0167) is a weak acid that, once inside the plant, can activate growth regulators such as nitric oxide, thereby influencing plant growth and development. Salicylic acid can also regulate plant cell metabolism and membrane permeability, improving the plant's resistance to adverse conditions.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-114118

Semaglutide Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118B

Semaglutide acetate Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide acetate is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide acetate promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide acetate also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide acetate has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide acetate can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118A

Semaglutide TFA Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P2048

MOTS-c (human) 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis GLUT AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-D0889

Glycylglycine 1 Publications Verification Gly-Gly; H-Gly-Gly-OH	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-114118CP

Semaglutide (crude)	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide (crude) is the crude form of Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances Autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and Apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P1723

Spexin 2 Publications Verification Neuropeptide Q	Neuropeptide Y Receptor Apoptosis Ferroptosis Autophagy	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Spexin (Neuropeptide Q) is a selective agonist of galanin receptors GAL2 and GAL3, and is a conserved peptide that functions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor. Spexin can function through both central and peripheral actions. Spexin upregulates Beclin 1 to inhibit ferroptosis induced by excessive autophagy, reduces the uptake of long-chain fatty acids by adipocytes, and regulates energy metabolism by increasing lipid oxidation (e.g., reducing the respiratory exchange ratio in rodents). Spexin improves cardiac function in the Doxorubicin hydrochloride (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity model, protects mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Spexin can be used to study obesity and its related metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardioprotection), and side effects of tumor chemotherapy .

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P2048A

MOTS-c(human) acetate 1 Publications Verification	AMPK GLUT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) acetate is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) acetate inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) acetate has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P10409

SHLP2 Small humanin-like peptide 2	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 binds to mitochondrial complex 1. SHLP2 improves mitochondrial metabolism by increasing respiration and biogenesis, reducing ROS, and decreasing mtDNA oxidation. SHLP2 also regulated energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease .

HY-P3494

Hepcidin-25 (human)	Hepcidin Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Hepcidin-25 (human) is an iron metabolism regulator and Antimicrobial agent. Hepcidin-25 (human) exerts anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities by regulating iron-mediated oxidative damage .

HY-D0889R

Glycylglycine (Standard) Gly-Gly (Standard); H-Gly-Gly-OH (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycylglycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycylglycine (HY-D0889). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-P2620

Ac-LETD-AFC	Fluorescent Dye	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Ac-LETD-AFC is a caspase-8 fluorogenic substrate. Ac-LETD-AFC can measure caspase-8 fluorogenic activity and can be used for the research of cancer cell apoptosis and oxidative stress metabolism .

HY-P1184

HNGF6A	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
HNGF6A is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo .

HY-P1723A

Spexin TFA Neuropeptide Q TFA	Neuropeptide Y Receptor Apoptosis Ferroptosis Autophagy	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Spexin (Neuropeptide Q) TFA is a selective agonist of galanin receptors GAL2 and GAL3, and is a conserved peptide that functions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor. Spexin TFA can function through both central and peripheral actions. Spexin TFA upregulates Beclin 1 to inhibit ferroptosis induced by excessive autophagy, reduces the uptake of long-chain fatty acids by adipocytes, and regulates energy metabolism by increasing lipid oxidation (e.g., reducing the respiratory exchange ratio in rodents). Spexin TFA improves cardiac function in the Doxorubicin hydrochloride (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity model, protects mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Spexin TFA can be used to study obesity and its related metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardioprotection), and side effects of tumor chemotherapy .

HY-P1184A

HNGF6A TFA	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
HNGF6A TFA is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A TFA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A TFA inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A TFA can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo .

HY-114118C

Semaglutide sodium	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide sodium is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide sodium promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide sodium also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide sodium has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide sodium can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P991432

VTX-0811	TNF Receptor NF-κB c-Myc	Cancer
VTX-0811 is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting PSGL1/CD162. VTX-0811 up-regulates TNF-α/NF-κB and chemokine-mediated signaling and down-regulates oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and Myc signaling pathways. VTX-0811 increases the proportion of CD8+ T cells among infiltrating T cells. VTX-0811 has antitumor activity in a humanized mouse PDX model of melanoma .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0399

L-Carnitine 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Neurological Disease Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-123033A

Nicotinamide riboside chloride Maximum Cited Publications 25 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Animals Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Pyridine Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-128851

Coenzyme A 2 Publications Verification	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids .

HY-F0001

NADH disodium salt 5+ Cited Publications Disodium NADH	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) is an orally active reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-113596

Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium 4 Publications Verification Acetyl-CoA trisodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trisodium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trisodium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-N7075

Inulin 4 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Polysaccharides Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Compositae Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Sophora tomentosa L. Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Inulin is an orally active prebiotic targeting the intestinal microbiota, selectively promoting the proliferation and activity of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and playing a role in regulating the intestinal microecology. The functions of Inulin include: Fermentation by probiotics in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as butyrate and propionate), lowering the intestinal pH and inhibiting the overgrowth of harmful bacteria; Enhancing the intestinal barrier function and reducing endotoxin translocation; Directly scavenging free radicals (such as superoxide free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals) and activating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) to reduce oxidative stress. Inulin can also be used in the study of intestinal diseases (constipation, IBD), metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity) and liver damage by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism (such as reducing triglycerides, improving insulin sensitivity) and immune response (enhancing NK cell activity, inhibiting inflammatory factors)[1][2][3][4].

HY-112540B

Acetoacetic acid sodium	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid sodium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid sodium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid sodium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-N0321

Caftaric acid trans-Caftaric acid	Microorganisms other families Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Caftaric acid (trans-Caftaric acid) is a polyphenolic antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that can be hydrolyzed by intestinal microbial esterases. Caftaric acid exerts its antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory effects mainly through intestinal microbial metabolism. Caftaric acid can reduce renal damage, restore electrolyte balance, renal function indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities in a rat albinism model, and further exert anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities .

HY-N10574

Queuine 1 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bacterial
Queuine is a selective substrate for tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and can be incorporated into eukaryotic tRNA. Queuine promotes tRNA modification, affecting mitochondrial function and Warburg metabolic phenotype. If Queuine is deficient, aerobic glycolysis can be enhanced, oxidative phosphorylation can be inhibited, and Warburg metabolism can be promoted, accompanied by increased ammonia and lactate production and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Queuine can be used for autoimmune diseases (such as experimental models of multiple sclerosis) and cancer metabolic regulation, and its deficiency is associated with low tRNA modification in tumor cells .

HY-W012722

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid 1 Publications Verification α-Ketoisocaproic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy mTOR SOD
4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (α-Ketoisocaproic acid) is a metabolite of L-leucine and is involved in energy metabolism. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and insulin resistance by impairing mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid also causes oxidative damage, leading to cognitive deficits, inhibits α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, acts as an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler and metabolic inhibitor. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid acts as a nutrient signal and stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid can be used in the study of maple syrup urine disease .

HY-B0762

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride	Alkaloids Structural Classification Other Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-126358

Acetylcarnitine	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism
Acetylcarnitine is a CNS-penetrant endogenous metabolite. Acetylcarnitine shuttling links mitochondrial metabolism to histone acetylation and lipogenesis. Acetylcarnitine attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Acetylcarnitine can be used for fatigue-associated diseases research. Acetylcarnitine can be used as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma .

HY-112540

Acetoacetic acid 4 Publications Verification	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-D0186

2'-Deoxyuridine 3 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Thymidylate Synthase
2’-deoxyuridine is a brain-penetrant pyrimidines nucleotide that is associated with nervous system diseases. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. 2'-Deoxyuridine is a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine (HY-B1011) and also an analogue of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, EdU (HY-118411). 2’-deoxyuridine reduces microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, which is promising for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) .

HY-125848

Ginsenoside F2	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis AMPK PPAR p38 MAPK PI3K Akt GSK-3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) SOD Caspase
Ginsenoside F2 is an orally active bioactive compound that participates in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. Ginsenoside F2 promotes the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, binds to PPARγ, inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, activates the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reduces GLRX expression, and regulates lipid metabolism. Ginsenoside F2 reduces ROS production and MDA levels, restores SOD activity in cells, and alleviates oxidative stress. Ginsenoside F2 induces cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and increases the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Ginsenoside F2 reduces body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and serum lipid levels in obese mice, and activates the hepatic AMPK signaling pathway and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Ginsenoside F2 alleviates atopic dermatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and reshaping the gut microbiota . Ginsenoside F2 is applicable to research related to insulin resistance, obesity, atopic dermatitis, liver cancer, glioblastoma and glioma .

HY-113218

Acetyl-L-carnitine 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-113166

Dodecanoylcarnitine 1 Publications Verification (-)-Lauroylcarnitine	Structural Classification Immune System Disorder Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Dodecanoylcarnitine ((-)-Lauroylcarnitine) is a medium long-chain acylcarnitine, an intermediate product in key energy metabolic pathways of fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acids catabolism. The abnormal decrease in the Dodecanoylcarnitine levels indicats that mitochondrial fuel metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation is significantly disturbed. Changes in plasma concentrations of Dodecanoylcarnitine are not only associated with type II diabetes, but also with pre-diabetes status. Dodecanoylcarnitine is present in fatty acid oxidation disorders such as long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I/II deficiency, and is also associated with celiac disease. Dodecanoylcarnitine deomonstrates high sensitivities and specificities in predicting asthma. Combined model of Decanoylcarnitine (HY-113069), Dodecanoylcarnitine, PC (16:0/0:0), and Asp Arg Pro can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome .

HY-D0889

Glycylglycine 1 Publications Verification Gly-Gly; H-Gly-Gly-OH	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-N2468

Xylobiose 1,4-β-D-Xylobiose; 1,4-D-Xylobiose	Zea mays L. Polysaccharides Classification of Application Fields Gramineae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	TNF Receptor Claudin HSP
Xylobiose (1,4-β-D-Xylobiose; 1,4-D-Xylobiose) is an orally active Claudin 2/CLDN2 inhibitor and HSP27 inducer. Xylobiose works by regulating intestinal barrier function and glucose and lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways. Xylobiose inhibits CLDN2 expression to reduce intestinal permeability, induces HSP27 to enhance cell protection, and regulates the miR-122a/miR-33a axis to inhibit liver lipid synthesis and improve insulin resistance. Xylobiose can strengthen intestinal barrier integrity, reduce blood sugar and blood lipid levels, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Xylobiose can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .

HY-N0806

Sweroside 3 Publications Verification	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Labiatae Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold ex Maxim. Phenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields	Keap1-Nrf2 AMPK Sirtuin NF-κB NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Pyroptosis Apoptosis Autophagy PARP
Sweroside is an iridoid glycoside that targets multiple targets, including the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, NLRP3 inflammasome, SIRT1, NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR pathway, and caspase family. Sweroside promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation by competitively binding to Keap1. Sweroside also inhibits oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by activating Nrf2, inhibits NF-κB inflammatory pathway by activating SIRT1, and promotes autophagy and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Sweroside has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and lipid metabolism regulating activities, and can be used in the research of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, leukemia, acute lung injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other fields .

HY-N3021

D-chiro-Inositol	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite NF-κB TNF Receptor FOXO Microtubule/Tubulin
D-chiro-Inositol is a stereoisomer of inositol that exhibits activities such as improving glucose metabolism, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant activity. D-chiro-Inositol effectively alleviates cholestasis by enhancing bile acid secretion and reducing oxidative stress. D-chiro-Inositol improves insulin resistance, lowers hyperglycemia and circulating insulin levels, reduces serum androgen levels, and ameliorates some metabolic abnormalities associated with X syndrome by mimicking the action of insulin. Additionally, D-chiro-Inositol can induce a reduction in pro-inflammatory factors (such as Nf-κB) and cytokines (such as TNF-α), thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. D-chiro-Inositol may be used in the study of liver cirrhosis, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome .

HY-123033

Nicotinamide riboside	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Animals Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-B2246

L-Carnitine hydrochloride 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine hydrochloride	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-114293A

Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium Acetyl-CoA trilithium	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trilithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trilithium regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trilithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-N0327

Lobetyolin 4 Publications Verification	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Campanulaceae Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Xanthine Oxidase
Lobetyolin, a bioactive compound, is derived from Codonopsis pilosula. Lobetyolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities. Lobetyolin also induces the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism . Lobetyolin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-N0712

Typhaneoside 3 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Typhaceae Classification of Application Fields Typha angustifolia L. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Autophagy mTOR Akt FXR
Typhaneoside is an orally bioavailable signal modulator and cellular regulator. Typhaneoside regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy transduction pathway. Typhaneoside promotes the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and Caspase-3, induces apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle arrest at the G₂/M phase, and reduces cancer cell viability. Typhaneoside activates the farnesoid X receptor signaling pathway, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, alleviates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation, and exerts hepatoprotective effects. Typhaneoside is applicable to research related to post-myocardial infarction heart failure, acute myeloid leukemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological disorders .

HY-N0735

Phellodendrine chloride 2 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Autophagy Apoptosis AMPK mTOR STAT Interleukin Related PKC p38 MAPK NF-κB COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) PI3K Akt MMP
Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .

HY-112540A

Acetoacetic acid lithium 4 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid lithium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid lithium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid lithium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-114293

Acetyl coenzyme A Acetyl-CoA	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-W096638A

Glycerophosphocholine (S)-Glycerolphosphocholine	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Glycerophosphocholine ((S)-Glycerolphosphocholine) is an orally active metabolite that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Glycerophosphocholine acts as a precursor of acetylcholine, a specific marker for phosphatidylcholine breakdown, a major water-soluble storage form of choline, and an intermediate in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Glycerophosphocholine is specifically elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease models, and it also promotes growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation. Glycerophosphocholine is also a potential biomarker for breast cancer .

HY-N8469

cis-5-Dodecenoic acid	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	COX
cis-5-Dodecenoic acid is an inhibitor of COX-I and COX-II with anti-inflammatory activity. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid reduces prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX enzyme activity and is involved in the fatty acid -β oxidative metabolic pathway. The metabolic rate of cis-5-Dodecenoic acid is significantly lower than that of saturated fatty acids. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid can be used in the research of anti-inflammation, fatty acid metabolism mechanisms and related physiological and pathological processes .

HY-113201

Tetradecanoylcarnitine	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Tetradecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain saturated fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism. Tetradecanoylcarnitine serves as a biomarker for very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and MPTP (HY-15608)-induced Parkinson's disease. Tetradecanoylcarnitine exhibits a characteristic significant elevation in plasma levels in patients with sarcopenia, including those complicated with hypertension, and this elevation is closely associated with an increased risk of death. Tetradecanoylcarnitine is widely used in research on the pathological mechanisms of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and sarcopenia .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-N0507

Rosavin	Simple Phenylpropanols Rhodiola rosea Linn. Crassulaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Source Classification	TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Rosavin, an orally bioactive phenylpropanoid from Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL), is an adaptogen that enhances the body’s response to environmental stress. Rosavin significantly influences bone tissue metabolism by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblast differentiation, also impacts various diseases, demonstrating antidepressant, adaptogenic, and anxiolytic effects in mouse models. Additionally, Rosavin improves survival, reducing intestinal damage in irradiated rats and Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)-induced cerebral injury in vivo by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a promising candidate for research in radiation-induced intestinal injury, I/R-induced cerebral injury and osteoporosis .

HY-113256

Linoleyl carnitine	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Endogenous Metabolite
Linoleyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine and metabolite. Linoleyl carnitine in the liver is negatively correlated with pantothenic acid and citric acid in serum. Linoleyl carnitine accumulates in mitochondrial CPT II deficiency .

HY-Y0624

4-Pentenoic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism
4-Pentenoic acid is a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid. 4-Pentenoic acid has hypoglycemic and fatty acid oxidation inhibitory activities. 4-Pentenoic acid can affect blood glucose metabolism and energy metabolism through mechanisms such as inhibiting long-chain fatty acid oxidation, reducing gluconeogenesis, and promoting glucose utilization .

HY-113285

Ureidopropionic acid 3-Ureidopropionic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation
Ureidopropionic acid is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V inhibitor that selectively inhibits the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V, with no effect on respiratory chain complexes I-IV or mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .

HY-N2853

D-α-Tocopherylquinone α-Tocopherylquinone	Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Benzene Quinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
D-α-Tocopherylquinone (α-Tocopherylquinone) is a quinone, can be isolated from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. D-α-Tocopherylquinone is an oxidation product of α-Tocopherol (vitamin E). D-α-Tocopherylquinone can act as an anticoagulant and as an antioxidant. D-α-Tocopherylquinone reduces cellular oxidative damage produced by oxidized lipids. D-α-Tocopherylquinone binds to a liver cytosolic protein with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa. D-α-Tocopherylquinone binds to glurathione-S-transferase (GST) and can be transported to the site of metabolism or excreted in the bile .

HY-W020215

Tricarballylic acid 1 Publications Verification	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite
Tricarballylic acid is an orally active compound that can be produced by rumen microorganisms and has the activity of chelating magnesium. Tricarballylic acid is also a competitive inhibitor of aconitate hydratase, with a K_i value of 0.52 mM. Tricarballylic acid can inhibit the oxidation of acetate in the citric acid cycle and can be used in the research of ruminant tissue metabolism and grass tetany syndrome. In addition, Tricarballylic acid can be used to synthesize specific complexes and produce plasticizers .

HY-113225

Guanosine triphosphate GTP	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis Mitosis
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-N2554

Osthenol Ostenol	Coumarins Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Kleinia odora (Forssk.) DC. Umbelliferae Plants Source Classification	Monoamine Oxidase PI3K Akt Apoptosis
Osthenol (Ostenol) is a reversible, selective, competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A (IC₅₀=0.74 μM, K_i=0.26 μM), with antifungal and antibacterial activity. Osthenol inhibits the oxidative deamination of hMAO-A and regulates the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. Osthenol also inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells, arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and inhibit cell proliferation. Osthenol is mainly used in the study of neurological diseases and cancer, especially depression-related MAO-A targeted intervention and colon cancer .

HY-123033C

Nicotinamide riboside malate Maximum Cited Publications 25 Publications Verification	Natural Products Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside malate, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-123033AR

Nicotinamide riboside chloride (Standard)	Alkaloids Structural Classification Animals Pyridine Alkaloids Source Classification	Reference Standards Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nicotinamide riboside (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].

HY-F0001R

NADH disodium salt (Standard) 1 Publications Verification Disodium NADH (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
NADH (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADH (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) is an orally active reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-W001542

5-Hydroxyoxindole	Alkaloids Monophenols Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Rubiaceae Phenols Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid for its antioxidant. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is a product of partial metabolism of tryptophan involving conversion in the gut lumen of tryptophan to indole through the action of bacterial tryptophanase and tryptophan synthase. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is one of the main molecules responsible for the neurological symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders .

HY-122940

Precocene II Ageratochromene	Structural Classification Natural Products Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Precocene II (Ageratochromene) is a plant larva hormone antagonists that inhibits the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone. Precocene II inhibits corpora allata function and downregulates juvenile hormone levels, while exerting multiple effects including inducing precocious metamorphosis, forming macropterous morphs, inhibiting ovarian growth, producing cytotoxicity, disrupting insect development, and causing sterility and kidney damage. Precocene II blocks normal nymphal development, causes renal tubular damage and increases blood urea nitrogen levels, and also blocks juvenile hormone biosynthesis in vitro. Precocene II undergoes oxidative metabolism catalyzed by NADPH-dependent monooxygenase to generate a variety of metabolites. Precocene II can be applied in studies related to insect growth regulation and nephrotoxicity .

HY-N0427

Phellodendrine	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Phenols Polyphenols Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Akt NF-κB AMPK mTOR PKC STAT Interleukin Related p38 MAPK COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy PI3K MMP
Phellodendrine is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .

HY-B0399R

L-Carnitine (Standard) (R)-Carnitine (Standard); Levocarnitine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cancer Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
L-Carnitine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnitine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-N7848

Linoleamide Linoleic acid amide	Microorganisms Source Classification	Calcium Channel
Linoleamide is a linoleic acid amide. Linoleamide regulates Ca (II) ux and inhibits the erg current .

HY-N1356A

(R)-Reticuline	Structural Classification Alkaloids Plants Lauraceae Isoquinoline Alkaloids Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. Source Classification	Cytochrome P450
(R)-Reticuline is a key intermediate and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of morphinan alkaloids. (R)-Reticuline plays a central role in the metabolism of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). (R)-Reticuline can either undergo O-methylation catalyzed by PSOMT1, or be converted to (+)-Salutaridine via regioselective and stereoselective oxidative coupling under the action of salutaridine synthase (CYP719B1). (R)-Reticuline serves as a direct precursor for the synthesis of important alkaloids such as morphine, codeine and thebaine .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-114118S3

Semaglutide-13C6,15N TFA

Semaglutide- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Semaglutide TFA (HY-114118A). Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-B0762S

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-114293S

Acetyl coenzyme A-13C2 lithium

Acetyl coenzyme A- ¹³C₂ lithium is the ¹³C-labeled Acetyl coenzyme A (HY-114293). Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA

Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8

Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-B0171S

Antipyrine-d3
Antipyrine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Antipyrine. Antipyrine (Phenazone) is an antipyretic and analgesic. Antipyrine can be used as a probe agent for oxidative agent metabolism. Antipyrine has been widely used in assessment of hepatic oxidative capacity .

HY-B0399S

L-Carnitine-d9

1 Publications Verification

L-Carnitine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine) is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-B2246S

L-Carnitine-d9 chloride

1 Publications Verification

L-Carnitine-d₉ (chloride)e is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine chloride. L-Carnitine chloride, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine chloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine chloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine chloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-114293S5

Acetyl coenzyme A-d3

Acetyl coenzyme A-d₃ (Acetyl-CoA-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Acetyl coenzyme A (HY-114293). Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-B0762S1

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃-1 (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃-1) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-113225S2

Guanosine triphosphate-13C dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C (GTP- ¹³C) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S5

Guanosine triphosphate-13C10 dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀ (GTP- ¹³C₁₀) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S3

Guanosine triphosphate-15N5 dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹⁵N₅ (GTP- ¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-B0831S

Buprofezin-d6

Buprofezin-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Buprofezin. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase .

HY-Y1322S

Triphenyl phosphate-d15

Triphenyl phosphate-d₁₅ is the deuterium labeled Triphenyl phosphate. Triphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring.

HY-B0399S2

L-Carnitine-13C3

L-Carnitine- ¹³C₃ ((R)-Carnitine- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C--labeled L-Carnitine (HY-B0399). L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-113225S1

Guanosine triphosphate-13C10,15N5 tetraammonium solution (100 mM)

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ tetraammonium is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium. Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S4

Guanosine triphosphate-15N5,d14 dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹⁵N₅,d₁₄ (GTP- ¹⁵N₅,d₁₄) dilithium is deuterium and ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-W778990

2-Deoxyuridine-1,2,3,4,5-13C5

2-Deoxyuridine-1,2,3,4,5- ¹³C₅ is the ¹³C-labeled 2'-Deoxyuridine (HY-D0186). 2’-deoxyuridine is a brain-penetrant pyrimidines nucleotide that is associated with nervous system diseases. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. 2'-Deoxyuridine is a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine (HY-B1011) and also an analogue of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, EdU (HY-118411). 2’-deoxyuridine reduces microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, which is promising for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) .

HY-111095S2

D-(-)-Lactic acid-13C-1
D-(-)-Lactic acid- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C labeled D-(-)-Lactic acid. D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. D-(-)-Lactic acid is identified to be a competitive inhibitor of ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) in plants .

HY-W765177

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride-13C3

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- ¹³C₃ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-119976S

Boscalid-d4

Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-B1120S

Temephos-d12

Temephos-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled Temephos. Temephos (Temefos) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable organophosphate insecticide and AChE inhibitor. By irreversibly inhibiting AChE to induce cholinergic overactivation, Temephos effectively blocks larval development of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), and is commonly used in studies related to Dengue Virus, Zika Virus and other relevant pathogens. Temephos exhibits genotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity, and may also cause liver injury, reproductive system abnormalities and cholinergic poisoning symptoms in mammals. Temephos tends to accumulate in adipose tissues and aquatic organisms, and is excreted via feces after metabolism through oxidation and hydrolysis. Note that CYP-mediated metabolic detoxification may reduce the actual larvicidal efficacy of Temephos against some mosquito species. Temephos can be used in research related to dengue fever, Zika virus disease, chikungunya and dracunculiasis .

HY-W754236

(R)-Carnitine Hydrochloride-13C3

(R)-Carnitine Hydrochloride- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B2246). L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-B0762

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride		Cationic Lipids
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-113166

Dodecanoylcarnitine 1 Publications Verification (-)-Lauroylcarnitine		Cationic Lipids
Dodecanoylcarnitine ((-)-Lauroylcarnitine) is a medium long-chain acylcarnitine, an intermediate product in key energy metabolic pathways of fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acids catabolism. The abnormal decrease in the Dodecanoylcarnitine levels indicats that mitochondrial fuel metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation is significantly disturbed. Changes in plasma concentrations of Dodecanoylcarnitine are not only associated with type II diabetes, but also with pre-diabetes status. Dodecanoylcarnitine is present in fatty acid oxidation disorders such as long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I/II deficiency, and is also associated with celiac disease. Dodecanoylcarnitine deomonstrates high sensitivities and specificities in predicting asthma. Combined model of Decanoylcarnitine (HY-113069), Dodecanoylcarnitine, PC (16:0/0:0), and Asp Arg Pro can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome .

HY-133971

Cholesterol 5α,6α-epoxide 5α,6α-Epoxycholesterol		Cholesterol
Cholesterol-5α,6α-epoxide is an epoxide derivative of cholesterol formed by the enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol in the liver and other tissues. Cholesterol-5α,6α-epoxide has unique chemical properties that make it an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of bile acids, which play a key role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. It also has a potential physiological role in regulating cholesterol metabolism and transport, although its biological function is not fully understood.

HY-113225

Guanosine triphosphate GTP		Nucleotide Analogs
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-154696

Ferric oxide, yellow		Others
Ferric oxide, yellow can be used as an excipient, such as colorant. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .

HY-154696A

Ferric oxide, red		Others
Ferric oxide, red can be used as an excipient, such as colorant. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .

HY-172548

Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride		Cationic Lipids
Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a long-chain acylcarnitine composed of Docosahexaenoic acid (HY-B2167) and L-carnitine (HY-B0399). Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is transported into mitochondria for β -oxidation and decomposition under the action of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) and others. Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is promising for research of diseases related to fatty acid metabolism .

Targets Recommended: Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0399G

L-Carnitine (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine (GMP) is L-Carnitine (HY-B0399) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. L-Carnitine, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

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