SnRK

Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase

SnRKs are a highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases, homologous to yeast SNF1 and animal AMPK, and can be divided into three subtypes: SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3. SnRK1 is regulated upstream by sugar/energy signals and SnAK/GRIK kinases, and downstream by nitrate reductase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and bZIP transcription factor. SnRK2 is regulated core-by-core by the ABA-PYR/PYL-PP2C module and targets AREB/ABF transcription factor and the SLAC1 channel. SnRK3 interacts with the CBL calcium receptor and targets ion transporters such as SOS1 and AKT1. This kinase family is primarily responsible for plant energy balance, abscisic acid signal transduction, and responses to abiotic stresses (drought, high salinity, low temperature, flooding, and nutrient deficiency). Functions such as response, maintenance of ion homeostasis and regulation of growth and development are the core molecular targets for crop stress resistance, disease resistance and yield improvement. Related research is mainly applied to the fields of plant stress biology and crop genetic improvement, such as agricultural crop stress resistance breeding, food security and climate adaptability improvement[1][2].

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