Cat. No.: HY-N0806

Sweroside

4 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Sweroside is an iridoid glycoside that targets multiple targets, including the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, NLRP3 inflammasome, SIRT1, NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR pathway, and caspase family. Sweroside promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation by competitively binding to Keap1. Sweroside also inhibits oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by activating Nrf2, inhibits NF-κB inflammatory pathway by activating SIRT1, and promotes autophagy and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Sweroside has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and lipid metabolism regulating activities, and can be used in the research of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, leukemia, acute lung injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other fields.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.76%
CAS No.: 14215-86-2
Formula: C₁₆H₂₂O₉
Molecular Weight:358.34

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Sweroside Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 14215-86-2

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

SIRT1

NLRP3

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All Sirtuin Isoforms :

All PARP Isoforms :

All AMPK Isoforms :

All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HeLa	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23002924]

In Vitro

Sweroside (10-100 μM; pretreatment for 24 h followed by hypoxia/reoxygenation) enhances cell viability and reduced CK-MB and LDH release in H9c2 cells^[1].
Sweroside (50 μM; 24 h+hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment) reduces ROS and MDA levels, increases SOD and GSH-Px activities, upregulates HO-1 expression, reduces caspase-1 activity and IL-1β levels, and downregulates NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β expression in H9c2 cells^[1].
Sweroside (50 μM; 24 h+hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment) inhibits Keap1 expression in H9c2 cells and promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation^[1].
Sweroside (5-320 μM; 24-48 h) reduces cell viability in leukemia cell lines (K562, U937, HL-60, etc.) and has low toxicity to normal cells^[2].
Sweroside (20-80 μM; 24 h) induces cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases in HL-60 cells, downregulates Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDC2, upregulates p53, p21, and induces apoptosis, activates caspase-3, -9 and PARP, upregulates Bax, and downregulates Bcl-2^[2].
Sweroside reduces LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by activating SIRT1 to mediate NF-κB and FOXO1 pathways^[3].
Sweroside (0.1-10 μg/mL; 24 h) reduces lipid accumulation and activates autophagy (upregulation of LC3B-II and downregulation of P62) in palmitic acid-treated primary mouse hepatocytes, acting through the AMPK/mTOR pathway^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

K562, U937, HL-60, NB4, THP-1 (leukemia cells); PBMC, BMC, HL-7702, AD293, BEAS-2B (normal cells)
Concentration:

5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h, 48 h
Result:

Reduced viability of leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀: 156.83 μM for K562, 67.92 μM for U937, 62.58 μM for HL-60, etc.) without significant toxicity to normal cells.

In Vivo

Sweroside (25-100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; daily; 5 days) reduces myocardial infarction size and improved left ventricular function (LVDP, ±dp/dt) in an isolated heart ischemia-reperfusion model in Wistar rats^[1].
Sweroside (25-100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; daily; 28 days) inhibits tumor growth, prolonged survival, and induces tumor cell apoptosis in a mouse HL-60 xenograft tumor model^[2].
Sweroside (15-60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection before LPS treatment; single dose) reduces lung wet-to-dry ratio and MPO activity, reduces inflammatory cells and cytokines, activates SIRT1, and inhibits NF-κB in an LPS-induced mouse acute lung injury model^[3].
EX-527 (HY-15452) (60 mg/kg Sweroside+10 mg/kg EX-527; intraperitoneal injection before LPS treatment; single dose) can antagonize the in vivo effects of sweroside in the acute lung injury model induced by LPS in mice^[3].
Sweroside (120 mg/kg/day; daily; 3 months) reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, activates AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy, and improves metabolic indicators in the high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model in C57BL/6J mice^[4].
In a high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model in C57BL/6J mice, 3-Methyladenine (HY-19312) (120 mg/kg/day Sweroside for 3 months+30 mg/kg 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) ??3 times a week for 2 weeks; administered for the last 2 weeks) reverses the improvement of hepatic lipid accumulation induced by sweroside^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

2-month-old C57BL/6J mice (20-25 g) with LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model (inhaled LPS 5 mg/kg)^[3]
Dosage:

15, 30, 60 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection, single dose before LPS inhalation
Result:

Decreased lung wet-to-dry ratio, inhibited MPO activity, reduced numbers of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages) in BALF, alleviated lung histopathological damage (alveolar destruction, wall thickening), reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels, upregulated SIRT1 expression, and downregulated NF-κB activation (p-p65, p-IκBα).

Animal Model:

4-6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model (HFD with 60% calories from fat for 3 months)^[4]
Dosage:

120 mg/kg/day
Administration:

Injection, daily, 3 months
Result:

Reduced body weight and liver mass, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, decreased serum levels of TG, TC, FFA, ALT, AST, TNF-α, and IL-1β, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation (Oil Red O staining), activated autophagy (upregulated LC3B-II, downregulated P62), and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway (increased p-AMPK, decreased p-mTOR).

Chemical Information

CAS No. 14215-86-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 358.34
Formula C₁₆H₂₂O₉
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C=C[C@@H]1[C@@](CCOC2=O)([H])C2=CO[C@H]1O[C@]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O)([H])O[C@@H]3CO
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Monophenols
Initial Source
- Plants
- Labiatae
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (4)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Imaging/StainingWBIFHistological Imaging/Staining

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Journal Impact Factor

Phytomedicine

Liquiritin targets NF-κB/MAPK signaling to attenuate osteoclastogenesis and triggers apoptosis through PPARγ activation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec:149:157604. PMID: 41308395
Int Immunopharmacol

Sweroside ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via the KLF2-mediated repression of the FABP4/CCL20 signaling axis. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 15:181:116771. PMID: 42068897
Int Immunopharmacol

Therapeutic potential of Sweroside in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and promotion of osteoclast apoptosis via NF-κB and MAPK pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 11:155:114630. PMID: 40220621

Sweroside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 11:155:114630. [Abstract]

The effect of Sweroside on BMDMs viability was assessed using CCK-8 assays over a range of Sweroside concentrations from 0 to 400 μM.

Sweroside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 11:155:114630. [Abstract]

TRAcP staining was performed to evaluate osteoclast differentiation in BMDMs treated with different concentrations of Sweroside (0, 10, 20 and 40 μM).

Sweroside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 11:155:114630. [Abstract]

Protein expressions of integrin-β3, CTSK, NFATc1, and c-Fos were evaluated by Western blotting after treatment with RANKL and Sweroside (40 μM) at 0, 1, 3, and 5 days.

Sweroside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 11:155:114630. [Abstract]

Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative assessment of the average nuclear p65 fluorescence intensity were conducted to evaluate the localization of p65 in RANKL and Sweroside (40 μM)-treated BMDMs.

Sweroside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 11:155:114630. [Abstract]

Histomorphometric differences among Sham, OVX, and OVX + Sweroside (30 mg/kg/day) groups were assessed using H&E and TRAcP staining.
Bioorg Chem

Discovery of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside as a novel CNT2 inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 30:154:108108. PMID: 39753042

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (279.06 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (139.53 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.7906 mL

13.9532 mL

27.9065 mL

5 mM

0.5581 mL

2.7906 mL

5.5813 mL

10 mM

0.2791 mL

1.3953 mL

2.7906 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (279.06 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (287 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Li J, et al. Sweroside Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis Partially via Modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 Axis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Mar 19;8:650368. [Content Brief]

[2]. Han XL, et al. Sweroside eradicated leukemia cells and attenuated pathogenic processes in mice by inducing apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;95:477-486. [Content Brief]

[3]. Wang J, et al. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Sweroside on LPS-Induced ALI in Mice Via Activating SIRT1. Inflammation. 2021 Oct;44(5):1961-1968. [Content Brief]

[4]. Ding Y, et al. Sweroside alleviates hepatic steatosis in part by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in mice. J Cell Biochem. 2023 Jul;124(7):1012-1022. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	2.7906 mL	13.9532 mL	27.9065 mL	69.7661 mL
	5 mM	0.5581 mL	2.7906 mL	5.5813 mL	13.9532 mL
	10 mM	0.2791 mL	1.3953 mL	2.7906 mL	6.9766 mL
	15 mM	0.1860 mL	0.9302 mL	1.8604 mL	4.6511 mL
	20 mM	0.1395 mL	0.6977 mL	1.3953 mL	3.4883 mL
	25 mM	0.1116 mL	0.5581 mL	1.1163 mL	2.7906 mL
	30 mM	0.0930 mL	0.4651 mL	0.9302 mL	2.3255 mL
	40 mM	0.0698 mL	0.3488 mL	0.6977 mL	1.7442 mL
	50 mM	0.0558 mL	0.2791 mL	0.5581 mL	1.3953 mL
	60 mM	0.0465 mL	0.2326 mL	0.4651 mL	1.1628 mL
	80 mM	0.0349 mL	0.1744 mL	0.3488 mL	0.8721 mL
	100 mM	0.0279 mL	0.1395 mL	0.2791 mL	0.6977 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Sweroside

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