Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.95%
- CAS No.: 5080-50-2
- Formula: C9H18ClNO4
- Molecular Weight:239.70
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride
MoreAll Caspase Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Cell Viability and Apoptosis:
Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (1 mM; 30 min) significantly inhibits 1 μg/mL Doxycycline (HY-N0565)-induced caspase-3/9 activation, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis, and maintains glutathione levels in thioredoxin TRX2-deficient DT40 cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Rat neuronal cells
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Concentration:1-100 μM
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Incubation Time:3 days
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Result:Inhibited mitochondrial activity in all regions.
Acetyl-L-carnitine (300 mg/kg; oral gavage; once daily; 28 days) hydrochloride improves cognitive function in the cognitive impairment model of aged rats, enhances synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Zebrafish subjected to UCS[1]
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Dosage:0.1 mg/L
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Administration:diluted in water, 10 min per day for 7 days
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Result:Protected from oxidative lipid damage and reversed decreased non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity induced by stress.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 5080-50-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 239.70
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Formula C9H18ClNO4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](OC(C)=O)CC([O-])=O.[H]Cl
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Synonyms
O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (417.19 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 31.25 mg/mL (130.37 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.68 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.68 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (417.19 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Zhu X, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine suppresses apoptosis of thioredoxin 2-deficient DT40 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Oct 15;478(2):154-60. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wang SM, et al. A review of current evidence for acetyl-l-carnitine in the treatment of depression. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jun;53:30-7. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ferreira GC, et al. L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-carnitine Roles and Neuroprotection in Developing Brain. Neurochem Res. 2017 Jun;42(6):1661-1675. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 4.1719 mL | 20.8594 mL | 41.7188 mL | 104.2970 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8344 mL | 4.1719 mL | 8.3438 mL | 20.8594 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4172 mL | 2.0859 mL | 4.1719 mL | 10.4297 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2781 mL | 1.3906 mL | 2.7813 mL | 6.9531 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2086 mL | 1.0430 mL | 2.0859 mL | 5.2149 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1669 mL | 0.8344 mL | 1.6688 mL | 4.1719 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1391 mL | 0.6953 mL | 1.3906 mL | 3.4766 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1043 mL | 0.5215 mL | 1.0430 mL | 2.6074 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0834 mL | 0.4172 mL | 0.8344 mL | 2.0859 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0695 mL | 0.3477 mL | 0.6953 mL | 1.7383 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0521 mL | 0.2607 mL | 0.5215 mL | 1.3037 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0417 mL | 0.2086 mL | 0.4172 mL | 1.0430 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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