Cat. No.: HY-113218

Acetyl-L-carnitine

(Synonyms: O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR)

2 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.86%
CAS No.: 3040-38-8
Formula: C₉H₁₇NO₄
Molecular Weight:203.24

Storage:

Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool.

In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Acetyl-L-carnitine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 3040-38-8

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Caspase Isoforms :

In Vitro

Cell Viability and Apoptosis:
Acetyl-L-carnitine (1 mM; 30 min) significantly inhibits 1 μg/mL Doxycycline (HY-N0565)-induced caspase-3/9 activation, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis, and maintains glutathione levels in thioredoxin TRX2-deficient DT40 cells^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

TRX2^-/- DT40 cells (chicken B-cell line)
Concentration:

1 mM
Incubation Time:

30 min pretreatment before 1 μg/mL Doxycycline induction
Result:

Reduced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, key markers of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, compared to untreated cells.
Decrease 40% in intracellular ROS levels, indicating attenuation of oxidative stress.
Maintained glutathione levels in both cytosol and mitochondria, preventing redox imbalance caused by TRX2 deficiency.
Resulted 35% reduction in apoptotic cell population, confirming protective effects against mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.

In Vivo

Acetyl-L-carnitine (100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once daily; 14 days) significantly alleviates brain damage in the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model of neonatal rats, improves neurological function, reduced oxidative stress levels, and decreases cell apoptosis^[2].
Acetyl-L-carnitine (300 mg/kg; oral gavage; once daily; 28 days) improves cognitive function in the cognitive impairment model of aged rats, enhances synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 18-22g, postnatal day 7), hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model^[2]
Dosage:

100 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection, once daily, for 14 consecutive days starting 24 hours after HIBD induction
Result:

Brain injury: Reduced infarct volume by 40% compared to the HIBD control group as measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.
Neurological function: Improved neurological scores, including motor function, sensory function, and balance, as evaluated by a modified neurological severity score (mNSS).

Chemical Information

CAS No. 3040-38-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 203.24
Formula C₉H₁₇NO₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](OC(C)=O)CC([O-])=O
Synonyms

O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Animals
Homo sapiens
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (2)

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Journal Impact Factor

Cytotechnology

Acetyl l-carnitine protects adipose-derived stem cells against serum-starvation: regulation on the network composed of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. [Abstract]

2022 Feb;74(1):105-121. PMID: 35185289
Research Square Preprint

2024 Feb 15.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (492.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 14.29 mg/mL (70.31 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.9203 mL

24.6015 mL

49.2029 mL

5 mM

0.9841 mL

4.9203 mL

9.8406 mL

10 mM

0.4920 mL

2.4601 mL

4.9203 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.30 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.30 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.30 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (282 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhu X, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine suppresses apoptosis of thioredoxin 2-deficient DT40 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Oct 15;478(2):154-60. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang SM, et al. A review of current evidence for acetyl-l-carnitine in the treatment of depression. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jun;53:30-7. [Content Brief]

[3]. Ferreira GC, et al. L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-carnitine Roles and Neuroprotection in Developing Brain. Neurochem Res. 2017 Jun;42(6):1661-1675. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	4.9203 mL	24.6015 mL	49.2029 mL	123.0073 mL
	5 mM	0.9841 mL	4.9203 mL	9.8406 mL	24.6015 mL
	10 mM	0.4920 mL	2.4601 mL	4.9203 mL	12.3007 mL
	15 mM	0.3280 mL	1.6401 mL	3.2802 mL	8.2005 mL
	20 mM	0.2460 mL	1.2301 mL	2.4601 mL	6.1504 mL
	25 mM	0.1968 mL	0.9841 mL	1.9681 mL	4.9203 mL
	30 mM	0.1640 mL	0.8200 mL	1.6401 mL	4.1002 mL
	40 mM	0.1230 mL	0.6150 mL	1.2301 mL	3.0752 mL
	50 mM	0.0984 mL	0.4920 mL	0.9841 mL	2.4601 mL
	60 mM	0.0820 mL	0.4100 mL	0.8200 mL	2.0501 mL
H₂O	80 mM	0.0615 mL	0.3075 mL	0.6150 mL	1.5376 mL
H₂O	100 mM	0.0492 mL	0.2460 mL	0.4920 mL	1.2301 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Acetyl-L-carnitine

2 Cited Publications

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Acetyl-L-carnitine

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Acetyl-L-carnitine

All Caspase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (2)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Acetyl-L-carnitine Related Classifications

HY-113218 Related Classifications