L-Carnitine
Based on 20 publication(s) in Google Scholar
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.97%
- CAS No.: 541-15-1
- Formula: C7H15NO3
- Molecular Weight:161.20
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Storage:
RT, stored under nitrogen.
In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) L-Carnitine
More- Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2025 Jan 23;188(2):412-429.e27. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2019 Jul 2;30(1):157-173.e7 [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 21;16(1):6695. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 23;16(1):7864. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 17;13(1):3486. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Oct 25. [Abstract]
- Engineering. 2024 Sep 6.
- Int J Biol Sci. 2025 Jan 1;21(2):725-744. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Mar:213:174-189. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110506. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Aug 7;43(8):114591. [Abstract]
- Biosci Rep. 2021 May 28;41(6):BSR20204250. [Abstract]
- Nutr Metab. 2021 Jun 24;18(1):65. [Abstract]
- Food Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Feb 12;33(11):2585-2596. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci. 2022 Apr 1;100(4):skac069. [Abstract]
- J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2024 Jun 25:1243:124210. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110992. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jan.
- Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Feb;25(4):3765-3774. [Abstract]
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 541-15-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 161.20
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Formula C7H15NO3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O
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Synonyms
(R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
RT, stored under nitrogen
In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (20)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Cell
2025 Jan 23;188(2):412-429.e27. PMID: 39591965 -
Cell Metab
2019 Jul 2;30(1):157-173.e7 PMID: 31155494 -
Nat Commun
A UFD1 variant encoding a microprotein modulates UFD1f and IPMK ubiquitination to play pivotal roles in anti-stress responses. [Abstract]2025 Jul 21;16(1):6695. PMID: 40691175 -
Nat Commun
The TEX44-CPT1B axis regulates mitochondrial sheath assembly and fatty acid oxidation in sperm. [Abstract]2025 Aug 23;16(1):7864. PMID: 40849303 -
Nat Commun
2022 Jun 17;13(1):3486. PMID: 35710796 -
Autophagy
XIAP-ULK1-Mediated mitophagy modulates carnitine metabolism to mitigate diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]2025 Oct 25. PMID: 41139215 -
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Int J Biol Sci
Mitochondrial SIRT2-mediated CPT2 deacetylation prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by impeding cardiac fatty acid oxidation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 1;21(2):725-744. PMID: 39781464 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Carnitine functions as an enhancer of NRF2 to inhibit osteoclastogenesis via regulating macrophage polarization in osteoporosis. [Abstract]2024 Mar:213:174-189. PMID: 38246515 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Interplay of drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1), MRP1, OATP1A2 and OATP1B3 in passage of maraviroc across human placenta. [Abstract]2020 Sep;129:110506. PMID: 32768979 -
Cell Rep
2024 Aug 7;43(8):114591. PMID: 39116204 -
Biosci Rep
Reduction of TMAO level enhances the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque through promoting macrophage M2 polarization and efferocytosis. [Abstract]2021 May 28;41(6):BSR20204250. PMID: 33969376 -
Nutr Metab
Exogenous L-carnitine ameliorates burn-induced cellular and mitochondrial injury of hepatocytes by restoring CPT1 activity. [Abstract]2021 Jun 24;18(1):65. PMID: 34167568 -
Food Sci Biotechnol
Enhancement of the bioactive compounds and biological activities of maca (Lepidium meyenii) via solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. [Abstract]2024 Feb 12;33(11):2585-2596. PMID: 39144202 -
J Anim Sci
2022 Apr 1;100(4):skac069. PMID: 35247050 -
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
Simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and creatinine in plasma, liver, and feces of hyperlipidemic rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. [Abstract]2024 Jun 25:1243:124210. PMID: 38936270 -
Vet Microbiol
The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607 -
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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
2018 Feb;25(4):3765-3774. PMID: 29168138
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (310.17 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (620.35 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (272 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Agarwal A, et al. Role of L-carnitine in female infertility. eprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Jan 26;16(1):5. [Content Brief]
[2]. Ferreira GC, et al. L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-carnitine Roles and Neuroprotection in Developing Brain. Neurochem Res. 2017 Jun;42(6):1661-1675. [Content Brief]
[3]. Uzuner N, et al. The role of L-carnitine in treatment of a murine model of asthma. Acta Med Okayama. 2002 Dec;56(6):295-301. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 6.2035 mL | 31.0174 mL | 62.0347 mL | 155.0869 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2407 mL | 6.2035 mL | 12.4069 mL | 31.0174 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6203 mL | 3.1017 mL | 6.2035 mL | 15.5087 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4136 mL | 2.0678 mL | 4.1356 mL | 10.3391 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3102 mL | 1.5509 mL | 3.1017 mL | 7.7543 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2481 mL | 1.2407 mL | 2.4814 mL | 6.2035 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2068 mL | 1.0339 mL | 2.0678 mL | 5.1696 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1551 mL | 0.7754 mL | 1.5509 mL | 3.8772 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1241 mL | 0.6203 mL | 1.2407 mL | 3.1017 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1034 mL | 0.5170 mL | 1.0339 mL | 2.5848 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0775 mL | 0.3877 mL | 0.7754 mL | 1.9386 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0620 mL | 0.3102 mL | 0.6203 mL | 1.5509 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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