(±)-Carnitine (Synonyms: DL-Carnitine; DL-Levocarnitine)

Cat. No.: HY-B0399A: Data Sheet
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(±)-Carnitine (DL-Carnitine) is an orally effective racemic mixture of L-Carnitine (HY-B0399) and D-Carnitine. (±)-Carnitine elevates the mitochondrial NAD⁺/NADH ratio in the presence of 1,3-butanediol (HY-77490A). (±)-Carnitine does not increase glucose and urea production from L-glutamine, but stimulates propionate gluconeogenesis in rat renal cortical slices, and significantly reduces hepatic ketone body levels in rats fed a diet containing 30% high fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol.

At equivalent molar concentrations, both the salt and free forms of a compound exhibit comparable biological activity. Nevertheless, the salt form ((±)-Carnitine chloride) usually boasts enhanced water solubility and stability.

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(±)-Carnitine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 406-76-8

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Other In-stock Forms of (±)-Carnitine:

(±)-Carnitine chloride

Other Forms of (±)-Carnitine:

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE (±)-Carnitine

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Description

In Vitro

(±)-Carnitine (1 mM) stimulates the rate of propionate gluconeogenesis in rat renal cortical slices by 3- to 5-fold^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

(±)-Carnitine (0.2%; administered orally via diet; ad libitum access; 43 days) exerts no effect on hepatic metabolic parameters in rats fed a 30% high-fat diet alone, but significantly reduces hepatic ketone body levels and restores normal mitochondrial redox status in rats fed a diet containing 30% high-fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Sprague-Dawley albino (male, initial weight ~120 g)^[3]
Dosage:	0.2% (incorporated into diet)
Administration:	oral (ad libitum); 43 days
Result:	Showed no significant effect on liver metabolite concentrations, adenine nucleotide levels, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox ratios, or phosphorylation states in rats fed a 30% fat diet alone. Significantly decreased liver acetoacetate levels from 0.325 ± 0.028 to 0.214 ± 0.037 μmoles/g wet weight in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet. Significantly decreased liver β-hydroxybutyrate levels from 0.694 ± 0.083 to 0.383 ± 0.087 μmoles/g wet weight in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet. Caused a slight, non-significant decrease in acetyl CoA levels in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet. Increased α-oxoglutarate levels from 0.098 ± 0.016 to 0.160 ± 0.014 μmoles/g wet weight in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet. Increased the cytoplasmic NADP+/NADPH ratio from 0.0049 ± 0.0005 to 0.0070 ± 0.0003 in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet. Increased the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio from 3.26 ± 0.69 to 5.66 ± 0.43 in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet. Showed no significant effect on lactate, pyruvate, malate, phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, α-glycerophosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, citrate, isocitrate, NH4+, L-glutamate, CoA, adenine nucleotide levels, cytoplasmic NAD+/NADH ratio, or cytoplasmic and mitochondrial phosphorylation states in rats fed a 30% fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol diet.

Molecular Weight

161.20

Formula

C₇H₁₅NO₃

CAS No.

406-76-8

Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CC([O-])=O

Structure Classification

Others

Initial Source

Endogenous metabolite

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 90.00%

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Data Sheet (286 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (244 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Weidemann MJ, et al. Acceleration of gluconeogenesis from propionate by Dl-carnitine in the rat kidney cortex. Biochem J. 1969;111(1):69-81. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lopes G, et al. Comparative acute effects of l-carnitine and dl-carnitine on hepatic catabolism of l-alanine and l-glutamine in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 Oct;25(10):1257-61. [Content Brief]

[3]. Mehlman MA, et al. Redox and phosphorylation states and metabolite concentrations in frozen clamped livers of rats fed diets containing 1,3-butanediol and DL-carnitine. J Nutr. 1972 Jan;102(1):45-51. [Content Brief]

(±)-Carnitine Related Classifications

Metabolic Disease

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The molarity calculator equation

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass		Concentration		Volume		Molecular Weight *
	=		×		×

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)	×	Volume _(start)	=	Concentration _(final)	×	Volume _(final)
	×		=		×
C1		V1		C2		V2

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

(±)-Carnitine406-76-8DL-Carnitine DL-LevocarnitineMitochondrial Metabolismcarnitine acetyltransferasegluconeogenesisL-carnitinepropionyl-L-carnitineCoAmitochondrial membranesratshepatic glucosekidney tissuepropionyl-CoAInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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