Cat. No.: HY-77490A

1,3-Butanediol

1 Cited Publications

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

1,3-Butanediol, an orally active ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol administeration can stimulate the biosynthesis of the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). 1,3-Butanediol has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.0%
CAS No.: 107-88-0
Formula: C₄H₁₀O₂
Molecular Weight:90.12

Storage:

Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

1,3-Butanediol Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 107-88-0

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Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (1)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

In Vivo

1,3-Butanediol (25 mmol/kg, i.p.; 30 min prior to ischemia) improves neurologic deficit and reduces neuronal damage in the striatum and cortex of the hippocampus in cerebral ischemia rat model^[1].
1,3-Butanediol (20%, in the drinking water, 4 weeks) increases systemic βHB concentration to a level similar as a 24-hour fast in rats^[3].
1,3-Butanediol (5%, in the drinking water, 4 weeks) reverses age-associated endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular dysfunction in old rats^[4].
1,3-Butanediol (25 mmol/kg, i.p., every 3 hours for 4 times) increases the plasma level of 3-hydroxybutyrate in rats, associated with a sustained 20% decrease in the plasma level of glucose^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Adult, male Wistar-Kyoto rats^[3]
Dosage:

20%
Administration:

via the drinking water for four weeks
Result:

Elevated the systemic and urinary concentrations of βHB.
Had a rapid and sustained reduction in body mass.
Decreased fluid consumption.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 107-88-0
Appearance Liquid (Density: 1.0059 g/cm³)
Molecular Weight 90.12
Formula C₄H₁₀O₂
Color Colorless to light yellow
SMILES

CC(O)CCO
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Pure form	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (1)

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

A two-strata energy flux system driven by a stress hormone prioritizes cardiac energetics. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 26;10(1):315. PMID: 40998786

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : ≥ 500 mg/mL (5548.16 mM)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (1109.63 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

11.0963 mL

55.4816 mL

110.9632 mL

5 mM

2.2193 mL

11.0963 mL

22.1926 mL

10 mM

1.1096 mL

5.5482 mL

11.0963 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (27.74 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (27.74 mM); Suspended solution

This protocol yields a suspended solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 1.72 mg/mL (19.09 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.72 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (17.2 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (273 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. C Marie, et al. Protective action of 1,3-butanediol in cerebral ischemia. A neurologic, histologic, and metabolic study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1987 Dec;7(6):794-800. [Content Brief]

[2]. R B Tobin,et al. Nutritional and metabolic studies in humans with 1,3-butanediol. Fed Proc. 1975 Nov;34(12):2171-6. [Content Brief]

[3]. McCarthy CG, et al. Physiologic, Metabolic, and Toxicologic Profile of 1,3-Butanediol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2021 Nov;379(3):245-252. [Content Brief]

[4]. McCarthy CG, et al. Low-dose 1,3-butanediol reverses age-associated vascular dysfunction independent of ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022 Mar 1;322(3):H466-H473. [Content Brief]

[5]. Gueldry S, et al. Beneficial effect of 1,3-butanediol on cerebral energy metabolism and edema following brain embolization in rats. Stroke. 1990 Oct;21(10):1458-63. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	11.0963 mL	55.4816 mL	110.9632 mL	277.4079 mL
	5 mM	2.2193 mL	11.0963 mL	22.1926 mL	55.4816 mL
	10 mM	1.1096 mL	5.5482 mL	11.0963 mL	27.7408 mL
	15 mM	0.7398 mL	3.6988 mL	7.3975 mL	18.4939 mL
	20 mM	0.5548 mL	2.7741 mL	5.5482 mL	13.8704 mL
	25 mM	0.4439 mL	2.2193 mL	4.4385 mL	11.0963 mL
	30 mM	0.3699 mL	1.8494 mL	3.6988 mL	9.2469 mL
	40 mM	0.2774 mL	1.3870 mL	2.7741 mL	6.9352 mL
	50 mM	0.2219 mL	1.1096 mL	2.2193 mL	5.5482 mL
	60 mM	0.1849 mL	0.9247 mL	1.8494 mL	4.6235 mL
	80 mM	0.1387 mL	0.6935 mL	1.3870 mL	3.4676 mL
	100 mM	0.1110 mL	0.5548 mL	1.1096 mL	2.7741 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

1,3-Butanediol

1 Cited Publications

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1,3-Butanediol

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 1,3-Butanediol

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (1)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

1,3-Butanediol Related Classifications

HY-77490A Related Classifications