Acetoacetic acid
Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid can be used to study metabolic diseases.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 95.0%
- CAS No.: 541-50-4
- Formula: C4H6O3
- Molecular Weight:102.09
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Acetoacetic acid
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
In the bovine hepatocyte experiment, Acetoacetic acid (0.6, 2.4, 4.8 mM; 24 h) dose-dependently reduces the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increases the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, induced oxidative stress, and downregulates the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), inhibits the assembly of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and leads to the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides (TG) and a decrease in the VLDL content in the culture medium[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Bovine hepatocytes
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Concentration:0 (control), 0.6 mM, 2.4 mM, 4.8 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) and VLDL-related proteins (ApoB100, ApoE, LDLR) in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group.
Increased intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a marker of oxidative stress, while the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were reduced.
Resulted intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and significantly decreased the secretion of VLDL into the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 541-50-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 102.09
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Formula C4H6O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CC(CC(O)=O)=O
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (4)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Metab
β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits Plasmodium falciparum development and confers protection against malaria in mice. [Abstract]2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. PMID: 40410577 -
J Nanobiotechnology
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation. [Abstract]2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. PMID: 35264201 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
Acetoacetate and D- and L-β-hydroxybutyrate have distinct effects on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. [Abstract]2024 Jun 1;326(6):C1710-C1720. PMID: 38708524
Acetoacetic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Jun 1;326(6):C1710-C1720. [Abstract]
Acetoacetic acid sodium (1 mM; 3 h) showed no effect on theexpression of ACAT or SCOT in L6 rat myotubes.
Acetoacetic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Jun 1;326(6):C1710-C1720. [Abstract]
Acetoacetic acid sodium (0.2, 1 mM; 3 h) showed significantly increased thebasal translocation of GLUT4 to the membrane relative toglucose in 0.2 mM, but no differences were found for the other condi-tions in L6 GLUT4 mycmyotubes.
Acetoacetic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Jun 1;326(6):C1710-C1720. [Abstract]
Acetoacetic acid sodium (0.2, 1 mM; 3 h; at the end ofthe 3 h treatment, 10 or 100 nM insulin for 20 min) decreased thebasal translocation of GLUT4 to the membrane in 0.2 mM with 100 nM insulin in L6 GLUT4 mycmyotubes.
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J Leukoc Biol
2023 Jun 1;113(6):577-587. PMID: 36999365
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (489.76 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (272 KB)
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SDS (615 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 9.7953 mL | 48.9764 mL | 97.9528 mL | 244.8820 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.9591 mL | 9.7953 mL | 19.5906 mL | 48.9764 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9795 mL | 4.8976 mL | 9.7953 mL | 24.4882 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.6530 mL | 3.2651 mL | 6.5302 mL | 16.3255 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4898 mL | 2.4488 mL | 4.8976 mL | 12.2441 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3918 mL | 1.9591 mL | 3.9181 mL | 9.7953 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.3265 mL | 1.6325 mL | 3.2651 mL | 8.1627 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2449 mL | 1.2244 mL | 2.4488 mL | 6.1220 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1959 mL | 0.9795 mL | 1.9591 mL | 4.8976 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1633 mL | 0.8163 mL | 1.6325 mL | 4.0814 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1224 mL | 0.6122 mL | 1.2244 mL | 3.0610 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0980 mL | 0.4898 mL | 0.9795 mL | 2.4488 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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