Xanthones

Mangiferin is a Nrf2 activator. Mangiferin suppresses nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50. Mangiferin exhibits antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemic, antiviral, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities.

alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a K_i of 2.85 μM.

Vinaxanthone (SM-345431) is a potent and selective semaphorin3A, phospholipase C (PLC) and FabI inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 0.1-0.2 μM and 0.9 mM for semaphorin3A and FabI. Vinaxanthone inhibits the substrate (t-o-NAC thioester) and the cofactor (NADPH) with K_is of 3.1 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. Vinaxanthone can be used to handle infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Gamma-Mangostin is a novel competitive 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist and potent epoxidase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, as well as a transthyroxin protein (TTR) profibrosis inhibitor. Gamma-Mangostin binds to the thyroxine (T4)-binding sites and stabilized the TTR tetramer. Gamma-Mangostin inhibits [3^H] spiperone binding to cultured rat aortic myocytes (IC₅₀=3.5 nM) and reduces The perfusion pressure response of rat coronary artery to 5-HT2A (IC₅₀=0.32 μM). Gamma-Mangostin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, and can be used in the study of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

beta-Mangostin (β-Mangostin) is a xanthone compound present in Cratoxylum arborescens, with antibacterial and antimalarial activities. beta-Mangostin exhibits antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. beta-Mangostin possesses in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC₅₀ of 3.00 μg/mL. beta-Mangostin has potent anticancer activity against various cancers (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, leukaemic).

KS 619-1 is a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor. KS 619-1 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against this enzyme derived from bovine brain and heart, but shows weak inhibitory effects on calmodulin-independent phosphodiesterase and protein kinase C. KS 619-1 displays weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

trans-Emodin-physcion bianthrone is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 2.77 μM. trans-Emodin-physcion bianthrone is applicable to research related to insulin resistance.

Tetrahydro bellidifolin (Compound 1a) is the aglycone obtained from the hydrolysis of Tetrahydroswertianolin (HY-N18018) by β-glucosidase. Tetrahydro bellidifolin exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity and reduce serum ALT levels. Tetrahydro bellidifolin can be used for the research of liver injury.

Garcinone C, a xanthone derivative, is a natural compound extracted from Garcinia oblongifolia that is used as an anti-inflammatory, astringency and granulation-promoting medicine, and has potential cytotoxic effects on certain cancers. Garcinone C stimulates the expression levels of ATR and 4E-BP1, arrests the cell cycle, inhibits cell viability of the human Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines CNE1, CNE2, HK1 and HONE1 in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner through inhibition of Hedgehog signaling pathway. Garcinone C is orally active.

Xanthone is a monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.84 µM. Xanthon inhibits Norepinephrine (HY-13715) and high-K⁺-induced vasoconstriction with IC₅₀ values of 60.26 μM and 82.9 μM, respectively. Xanthon increases intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) content and blocks Ca²⁺ channels. Xanthone is the scaffold of several pharmacologically active compounds.

Neomangiferin is an orally active natural flavonoid. Neomangiferin partially ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating the expression of genes related to free fatty acid uptake and lipid oxidation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-colitis effects by inhibiting Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-aging and lifespan-extending effects by targeting upregulation of bas-1, which in turn activates the autophagy, IIS and MAPK pathways. Neomangiferin has the potential to prevent aseptic loosening of prostheses after total joint arthroplasty due to its significant anti-inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis-inhibiting effects.

Garcinone D is an activator of the STAT3/Cyclin D1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, and an inhibitor of CDK2/CyclinE1 (IC₅₀ for CDK2/CyclinE1 is 28.23 μM). Garcinone D promotes neural stem cell proliferation by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 expression and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In addition, Garcinone D blocks the tumor cell cycle by inhibiting CDK2/CyclinE1. Garcinone D can promote the proliferation of C17.2 neural stem cells and inhibit prostate and breast cancer.

Sterigmatocystine is a precursor of aflatoxins and a mycotoxin produced by common mold strains from Aspergillus versicolor. Sterigmatocystine, a inhibitor of G1 Phase and DNA synthesis, is used to inhibit p21 activity. Sterigmatocystine has teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in animals.

3-Isomangostin, extracted from Garciniamangostana.L. shell, is a potent MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 52 nM. 3-Isomangostin would be an attractive chemical tool for the development of anticancer agents.

Gartanin is a natural xanthone of mangosteen, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, neuroprotective and antineoplastic properties. Gartanin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses migration in human glioma cells.

Gentisein (NSC 329491), the major metabolite of Mangiferin, shows the most potent serotonin uptake inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 4.7 µM.

Mangiferin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mangiferin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mangiferin is a Nrf2 activator. Mangiferin suppresses nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50. Mangiferin exhibits antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemic, antiviral, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities.

Gentisin is a natural compound. Gentisin can be extracted from Gentianae radix (Gentianaceae). Gentisin has mutagenic activity. Gentisin can be used in vascular smooth muscle research.

8-Deoxygartanin, a prenylated xanthones from G. mangostana, is a selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). 8-Deoxygartanin exhibits antiplasmodial activity with an IC₅₀ of 11.8 μM for the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. 8-Deoxygartanin inhibits NF-κB (p65) activation with an IC₅₀ of 11.3 μM.

Polygalaxanthone III is a representative xanthone component of Polygala tenuifolia. Polygalaxanthone III inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1, with an IC₅₀ of 50.56 μM. Polygalaxanthone III repairs skin damage induced by M. furfur via activating STAT3 phosphorylation and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Polygalaxanthone III can be used for research on M. furfur-related skin damage.