KS 619-1
KS 619-1 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor. KS 619-1 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against this enzyme derived from bovine brain and heart, but shows weak inhibitory effects on calmodulin-independent phosphodiesterase and protein kinase C. KS 619-1 displays weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 103370-21-4
- Formula: C26H18O9
- Molecular Weight:474.42
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
KS 619-1 potently inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated bovine brain CaM-PDE with an IC50 of 2.0 μM[1].
KS 619-1 potently inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-activated bovine cardiac CaM-PDE with an IC50 of 1.5 μM[1].
KS 619-1 weakly inhibits the activity of bovine brain basal CaM-PDE (in the presence of EGTA), with an IC50 value of 12.3 μM[1].
KS 619-1 weakly inhibits calmodulin-independent PDE activity in bovine cardiac muscle, with an IC50 of 25.9 μM[1].
KS 619-1 exhibits extremely weak inhibitory activity against rat brain protein kinase C, with an IC50 of 151 μM[1].
KS 619-1 (50 μg/mL) exhibits only weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus KY 4779[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 103370-21-4
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Molecular Weight 474.42
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Formula C26H18O9
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SMILES
O=C(O)C1=C(O)C=2C3=CC=4C(=O)C=5C=C(O)C=C(O)C5C(=O)C4C(O)=C3CCC2C=C1CC(=O)C
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Initial Source
from Streptomyces californicus
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Ca2+ Staining Technique
Ca2+ staining is an experimental technique that utilizes specific fluorescent probes (such as Fluo-4 AM, Fura-2, etc.) to qualitatively or quantitatively detect dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations; this is achieved by monitoring the changes in fluorescent signals generated when these probes bind to free intracellular calcium ions. The underlying principle relies primarily on the presence of chelating groups within the probe's molecular structure that possess high affinity for calcium ions.
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Bacterial live/dead nucleic-acid viability staining
The LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability staining method is based on differential permeability of nucleic-acid-binding fluorescent dyes, most commonly SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI), which enables discrimination of bacterial populations with intact versus compromised cytoplasmic membranes. SYTO 9 penetrates both intact and damaged bacterial membranes and binds nucleic acids to produce green fluorescence, whereas propidium iodide penetrates only cells with compromised membranes and fluoresces red while also reducing SYTO 9 signal through competitive binding and fluorescence interactions. The resulting fluorescence pattern is interpreted as a proxy for membrane integrity, which is widely used as an indicator of bacterial viability in microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectroscopic platforms. However, mechanistic studies show that SYTO 9 and PI interactions involve displacement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects, which can influence signal interpretation depending on dye ratios a
Purity & Documentation
References
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
KS 619-1 Related Classifications
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