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  3. Insecticide Apoptosis
  4. D-Tetramethrin

D-Tetramethrin is a type I synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and hepatotoxicity inducer. D-Tetramethrin induces oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish. D-Tetramethrin induces Apoptosis and inflammatory responses. D-Tetramethrin causes severe liver damage in zebrafish. D-Tetramethrin can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity.

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D-Tetramethrin

D-Tetramethrin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1166-46-7

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D-Tetramethrin Related Antibodies

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Description

D-Tetramethrin is a type I synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and hepatotoxicity inducer. D-Tetramethrin induces oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish. D-Tetramethrin induces Apoptosis and inflammatory responses. D-Tetramethrin causes severe liver damage in zebrafish. D-Tetramethrin can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity[1].

In Vivo

D-Tetramethrin (0.5-1.5 mg/L) induces dose-dependent hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae, with effects including reduced liver volume, yolk absorption disorder, histopathological liver damage, glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and inhibited hepatocyte proliferation[1].
D-Tetramethrin (0.1-0.15 mg/L; 28 days) induces dose-dependent hepatotoxicity in adult zebrafish, with effects including hepatic histopathological damage, lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, and altered activities of metabolic enzymes[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Transgenic Tg(fabp10a: DsRed); wild-type AB (3 days post-fertilization)[1]
Dosage: 0.5 mg/L; 1 mg/L; 1.5 mg/L
Administration: waterborne exposure; daily;
Result: Reduced liver fluorescence area by 10.38% (0.5 mg/L), 7.62% (1 mg/L), and 13.75% (1.5 mg/L) relative to controls.
Increased yolk area by 22.63% (0.5 mg/L), 23.61% (1 mg/L), and 41.32% (1.5 mg/L) relative to controls.
Induced nuclear deformities, loose irregular intercellular gaps, vacuoles, cytoplasmic loss, and nuclear distortion in hepatocytes.
Increased lipid accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner.
Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and total triglycerides (TG) levels significantly across all doses.
Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities significantly relative to controls.
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a concentration-dependent manner.
Elevated catalase (CAT) activity significantly across all doses.
Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly across all doses.
Reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly at 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L.
Increased expression of apoptosis-related genes (casp-3, casp-6, casp-9, Bax, P53) significantly, while decreased Bcl-2 expression significantly.
Increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio significantly.
Increased expression of inflammation-related gene TLR4 significantly, while decreased il-10 expression significantly at 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L.
Detected no liver-specific apoptosis via TUNEL staining.
Observed significantly fewer proliferating liver cells via PCNA staining.
Reduced expression of cell cycle-promoting genes (ccne1, ccnd1, cdk6) significantly at 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L.
Animal Model: wild-type AB[1]
Dosage: 0.1 mg/L; 0.125 mg/L; 0.15 mg/L
Administration: waterborne exposure; daily continuous; 28 days
Result: Induced nuclear deformities, loose irregular intercellular gaps, and vacuoles in hepatocytes.
Increased lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissue in a concentration-dependent manner.
Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels significantly across all doses.
Increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic, ICDHc) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities significantly across all doses.
Increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity significantly at 0.1 mg/L, while reduced it significantly at 0.125 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L.
Reduced glycogen content significantly.
Molecular Weight

331.41

Formula

C19H25NO4
CAS No.
SMILES

C(=C(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(OCN2C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)CCCC3)=O)C1(C)C
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Storage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
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D-Tetramethrin Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

D-Tetramethrin1166-46-7InsecticideApoptosiszebrafish embryosoxidative stresslipid metabolismzebrafish liverType I synthetic pyrethroid insecticidecell proliferationinflammationglycogen metabolismhepatotoxicityapoptosisInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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