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Subtilisin (Compound proteinase) (EC 3.4.21.62) is a proteolytic enzyme, isolated from Bacillus licheniformis. Subtilisin (Compound proteinase) has catalytic activity in anhydrous dimethyl formamide. Subtilisin (Compound proteinase) can be used as a catalyst for easy coupling between sugars and amino acids .
Sarcosine oxidase, Bacillus (SAO) can catalyze the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to generate glycine, H2O2, 5,10-CH2-tetrahydrofolate, which are often used in biochemical reactions .
α-Glucosidase, bacillus stearothermophilus is a carbohydrase enzyme that catalyzes the release of α-glucose molecules. α-Glucosidase, bacillus stearothermophilus retains exoglycosidases, which hydrolyze α-glucosidic linkage at the nonreducing end of a substrate .
γ-Glu-Phe is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
Dalbavancin hydrochloride (MDL-63397 hydrochloride) is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Dalbavancin hydrochloride inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis with MIC90s of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively .
Dalbavancin (MDL-63397) is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Dalbavancin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis with MIC90s of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively .
3-Methoxybenzoic acid (3-Anisic acid; NSC 27014; m-Methoxybenzoic acid) is a substituted benzoic acid and precursor for synthesis of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus spp .
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacilluscereus is a sphingomyelin hydrolase and Insecticide. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacilluscereus catalyzes the decomposition of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacilluscereus causes rapid paralysis and death in injected insects, including German cockroaches and black cutworms. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacilluscereus reduces H2O2 production. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, Bacilluscereus can be used in studies related to sepsis and endophthalmitis .
Rhodomyrtone is an antibiotic that can be found in the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Rhodomyrtone kills Gram-positive bacterial cells without causing bacteriolysis. Rhodomyrtone exhibits activity against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacilluscereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus salivarius. Rhodomyrtone is applicable to studies related to bacterial infections .
Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
Sulopenem etzadroxil is an orally active prodrug of the antibiotic Sulopenem (HY-105284). Sulopenem etzadroxil is active in mice infected with Bacillus anthracis .
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Bacillus sp. catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphogluconolactone, and produces reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ribose-5-phosphate in this process. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Bacillus sp. can be used in research about diabetic complications .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacilluscereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
Keratanase II,bacillus circulans,expressed in E.coli has transglycosylation activity. Keratanase II,bacillus circulans,expressed in E.coli efficiently catalyzes the transglycosylation of α(2→3)-sialylated 6,6′-di-sulfo-LacNAc with two kinds of glycosyl acceptors, 6-sulfo-Lewis X and 6,6'-di-sulfo-LacNAc derivatives, providing Sialyl sulfo-hexasaccharide and Sialyl sulfo-pentasaccharide .
Cephalosporinase, bacillus are enzymes produced by bacillus, inactivated and degrade the ability of the cephalosporin class of antibiotics. Cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that are widely used to study bacterial infections .
Bilirubin oxidase, bacilluscereus is a multi-copper oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of bilirubin into biliverdin, as well as other tetrapyrroles, phenols, and aryl diamines. Bilirubin oxidase, bacilluscereus can serve as a single-enzyme deoxygenator, catalyzing the direct reduction of oxygen to water in the presence of electron donor substrates, without releasing hydrogen peroxide. Bilirubin oxidase, bacilluscereus can be used to develop enzyme-based biosensors .
Uricase, Bacillus fastidious (Uox, Bacillus fastidious) is a uricase (urate oxidase) derived from Bacillus fastidious. Uricase, Bacillus fastidious converts uric acid into allantoin. The absence of Uricase in mammals causes kidney diseases resulting from uric acid accumulation. Uricase, Bacillus fastidious can be used for research on chronic refractory gout and hyperuricemia .
Hexokinase, Bacillus sp. catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, and is involved in glycolysis. Hexokinase, Bacillus sp. participates is also related to energy production, protection of mitochondrial integrity, and cell survival .
(R)-Mucronulatol is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Astragalus adsurgens. (R)-Mucronulatol shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtili, with MICs of 15.5, 15.5, 7.8, 7.8, 15.5 μg/mL respectively .
Eremomycin (MM 45289) is a potent glycopeptide antibiotic closely related to Vancomycin (HY-B0671). Eremomycin shows antibacterial activity in Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, with the MIC values of 0.03-1.6 μg/mL .
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Bacillus sp. is a key enzyme in purine metabolism, involved in the purine salvage pathway. A deficiency in Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Bacillus sp. can lead to impaired T-cell function. In the presence of inorganic phosphate as a second substrate, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Bacillus sp. catalyzes the cleavage of the glycosidic bond of ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides, producing purine bases and ribose (or deoxyribose)-1-phosphate. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Bacillus sp. can be used for the determination of inorganic phosphate .
Bilirubin oxidase (BOD), Bacillus pumilus is a multicopper oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin, as well as other tetrapyrrole, phenols, and aryl diamines. Bilirubin oxidase, Bacillus pumilus can serve as a single-enzyme deoxygenator, catalyzing the direct reduction of oxygen to water in the presence of electron donor substrates, without releasing hydrogen peroxide. Bilirubin oxidase, Bacillus pumilus can be used to develop enzyme-based biosensors .
Phosphoglucose isomerase, bacillus stearothermophilus is a highly conserved glycolytic and dimeric enzyme. Phosphoglucose isomerase, bacillus stearothermophilus catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate .
Diacetinase, Bacillus subtilis is a member of the esterase family and is responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of diacetin. This enzyme is used in the measurement of lipase activity .
oligo-α-1,6-Glucosidase, Bacilluscereus ATCC7064 is a hydrolase that mainly hydrolyzes oligosaccharides with α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. oligo-α-1,6-Glucosidase, Bacilluscereus ATCC7064 can catalyzes the exo hydrolysis of α-1,6-glucoside bonds from the nonreducing ends of panose, palatinose, α-limit dextrins, and isomaltooligosaccharides. oligo-α-1,6-Glucosidase, Bacilluscereus ATCC7064 participates in the degradation pathway of starch and glycogen, assisting enzymes such as α-amylase to completely hydrolyzes amylopectin .
endo-α-1,5-Arabinanase, Bacillus subtilis 168 (EC.3.2.1.99) is a glycoside hydrolase involved in arabinan decomposition. exo-α-1,5-Arabinanase is capable of cleaving arabinan main chains .
Casein Agar can be used for casein decomposition test of Bacilluscereus. The composition of 1 liter of Casein Agar contains contains: 10.0 g casein, 3.0 g beef infusion powder, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 2.0 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 15.0 g agar .
Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research .
Antibacterial agent 241 is a histidine kinase (HK) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 14 μM and 238 μM for CckA and PhoQ, respectively. Antibacterial agent 241 shows moderate antibacterial activity against E. coli DC2, Bacilluscereus, and Bacillus subtilis, with a MIC range of 12-74 μg/mL .
Bipolaricin R (Compound 6) is a compound that can be isolated from Bipolaris maydis. Bipolaricin R exhibits noticeable antimicrobial ability against Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bipolaricin R has excellent antiproliferation and apoptosis induction effects against A549 cell line .
Sphingomyelinase, Bacilluscereus (EC 3.1.4.12) is a hydrolase enzyme that is involved in sphingolipid metabolism reactions. Sphingomyelinase, Bacilluscereus (EC 3.1.4.12) is a member of the DNase I superfamily of enzymes and is responsible for breaking sphingomyelin (SM) down into phosphocholine and ceramide.
Phospholipase C, Bacilluscereus (EC 3.1.4.3) is induced by thrombin and platelet-activating factor, forming 1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Phospholipase C, Bacilluscereus (EC 3.1.4.3) hydrolyzes the phosphate bond on phosphatidylcholine and other glycerophospholipids yielding diacylglycerol. Phospholipase C, Bacilluscereus (EC 3.1.4.3) hydrolyzes the phosphate bonds of sphingomyelin, cardiolipin, choline plasmalogen and ceramide phospholipids.
Penicolinate B is a picolinic acid derivative that can be isolated from Penicillium sp. Penicolinate B exhibits antimalarial activity (IC50: 1.40 μg/mL), antitubercular activity (MIC: 25.0 μg/mL), activity against Bacilluscereus (IC50: 25.0 μg/mL), and activity against Candida albicans (IC50: 1.45 μg/mL). Penicolinate B also has certain cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as MCF-7, KB, and NCI-H187. Penicolinate B can be used in research on malaria, tuberculosis, bacterial/fungal infections and tumors .
L-Leucine Dehydrogenase, Bacilluscereus (EC 1.4.1.9) is a redox enzyme that acts on the donor CH-NH2 group and uses NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor. L-Leucine Dehydrogenase, Bacilluscereus (EC 1.4.1.9) participates in the degradation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, as well as their biosynthesis.
Monoglyceride lipase, Bacillus sp., is a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoglycerides (particularly 2-AG, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol) into glycerol and free fatty acids. By regulating the levels of 2-AG, Monoglyceride lipase, Bacillus sp., can influence neural signaling, pain perception, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes .
1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole (Compound 19) is a carbazole alkaloid that can be isolated from Murraya koenigii. 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 . 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole has IC50 values of 10.9 μM and 95 μM for Bacilluscereus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole can be used in the research of inflammatory and infectious diseases .
SMase-IN-1 (Compound 4) is a bacterial sphingomyelinase enzyme (SMase) inhibitor (IC50 value for B. cereus SMase is 6.43 µM). SMase-IN-1 also inhibits eqBuChE (59.50% inhibition rate at 50 µM concentration). SMase-IN-1 forms a complex with Cu 2+ in biometal interactions. SMase-IN-1 reduces B. cereus-induced hemolysis on sheep erythrocytes .
Salivaricin B is a broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus salivarius M7, capable of inhibiting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Bacilluscereus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterococcus faecalis, and various lactobacilli .
Neutral Proteinase, Bacillus sp. is a biocatalyst and a key enzyme in new biocatalyst technology. Enzyme engineering focuses on enhancing enzyme reaction kinetics, substrate selectivity, and activity under harsh conditions such as low or high pH. By introducing stimulus responsiveness to these enzyme modifications, dynamic control of activity is also possible .
Antibacterial agent 253 (compound 7a) is a potent inhibitor of bacterial, with the MIC of 1.562 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, and S. typhi .
Asperglaucin A represents an unusual phthalide-like derivative. Asperglaucin A exhibits potent antibacterial activities against two plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidae (Psa) and Bacilluscereus, with an MIC value of 6.25 μM .
1,3-specific lipase,Bacillus lanolin (Immobilized)(Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase) is a high-efficiency biocatalyst, a lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. 1,3-specific lipase,Bacillus lanolin (Immobilized) can be conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles and coupled to the surface of Fe(3)O(4)-COOH to obtain better temperature resistance and pH resistance. The activity unit (U) of lipase is defined as the amount of enzyme that produces 1 μmol of fatty acid per minute under experimental conditions .
Antibacterial agent 111 (Compound 3) is an antibacterial agent with MIC values of 3.90 μg/mL and 0.49 μg/mL against B. cereus and K. pneumonia, respectively. Antibacterial agent 111 firmly binds with tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase residues .
Asperglaucin B is an alkylated salicylaldehyde derivative from the fungus Aspergillus chevalieri SQ-8, with antibacterial activities. Asperglaucin B displays potent antibacterial activities against two plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidae (Psa) and Bacilluscereus, with an MIC value of 6.25 μM .
Gageotetrin C is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin C is more active against fungi (MIC value is 0.02-0.04 μM) .
Palmitanilide (Palmitic acid anilide) is an antibacterial agent against Gram-positive bacteria. Palmitanilide can electrostatically bind to relevant components in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria (such as Bacilluscereus), alter the cell membrane structure, and affect the normal functions of the cells. Palmitanilide is promising for research of infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria .
Antimicrobial agent-32 (Compound 4g) is an antimicrobial agent that exhibits significant activity against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacilluscereus (MIC=1000 µg/mL), Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (MIC=500 µg/mL), as well as Escherichia coli (MIC=250 µg/mL). Additionally, Antimicrobial agent-32 inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 cells, demonstrating anticancer activity .
Altersolanol A (Stemphylin; NSC 173943) exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC of 25-100 μg/mL. Altersolanol A exhibits no phytotoxicity to Taxus (at dose of 4 μg/μL) .
Antibacterial agent 237 (compound Ru-8) is a bacteriostatic agent for Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC of 0.78-1.56 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 237 destroys bacterial cell membranes, changes their permeability, and induces bacteria to produce Reactive Oxygen Species, leading to bacterial death without causing drug resistance. Antibacterial agent 237 has low hemolytic toxicity to rabbit red blood cells and Raw 264.7 cells, and has significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus in mouse skin wound infection models and Bacillus major larvae infection models .
Massarigenin C is a compound that can be isolated from Massarina tunicata. Massarigenin C has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) .
Leucinostatin H is a polypeptide antibiotic discovered in Paecilomyces marquandii, characterized by a tertiary amine-oxide terminal group. Leucinostatin H exhibits inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 10-100 μg/mL). Leucinostatin H holds potential for research in anti-infective and plant disease control applications .
Galbinic acid (α-Acetylsalazinic acid), a lichen acid, shows antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MICs=62.5, 62.5, 250 μg/ml, respectively). Galbinic acid inhibits the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli (MIC=125 μg/ml) .
Talaroderxine D (compound 4) has biofilm inhibitory effect. Talaroderxine D shows antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 2.1 and 8.3 μg/mL .
Bombinin H7 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina. Bombinin H7 is active against Bacillus megaterium Bm11 with a lethal concentration of 25.2 μM .
5′-Deoxythymidine is a thymidine form which 5' position replaced with hydrogen. 5'-deoxy Thymidine is effective against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. 5′-Deoxythymidine can be used as a research tool for antiviral and anticancer studies .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Antibiofilm agent-9 (Compound 4) is a pyrrolomycin derivative with antibacterial activity. Antibiofilm agent-9 inhibits Bacillus anthracis with MIC of 0.031 μg/mL. Antibiofilm agent-9 exhibits antibiofilm activity with 84% biofilm inhibition (24 h, 8.0 μg/mL). Antibiofilm agent-9 exhibits a good pharmacokinetic characters in mouse model .
SF-C5-TPP is an potent mitochondria-targeted protonophoric uncoupler. SF-C5-TPP has significant proton transfer activity on model planar bilayer lipid membranes. SF-C5-TPP inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis with a MIC of 2 μM >[1].
NHNB is a selective HDAC8 inhibitor (IC50 = 66.0 μM) and Peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) deacetylases (PGNGdacs) inhibitor. NHNB shows antibacterial and bactericidal activity against B. anthracis and B. cereus. NHNB can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia, Bacillus anthracis infection, and Bacilluscereus infection .
Gleinadiene is a coumarin that can be isolated from the extracts of leaves of Murraya paniculata. Gleinadiene exhibits weak antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Bacilluscereus.Gleinadiene can be used for the research of bacterial infection .
8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol is a Thymol (HY-N6810) derivative, as well as an antibacterial agent. 8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol can be found in the aerial parts of Ageratina adenophora, with selective activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains including Bacilluscereus. 8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol does not exhibit detectable in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. 8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol can be used for the research of bacterial infection .
Chitosanase, Bacillus sp (EC 3.2.1.132) is a chitosanase preparation produced by deep fermentation of Bacillus strains. Chitosanase, Bacillus sp (EC 3.2.1.132) catalyzes the decomposition of chitosan.
Phosphotransacetylase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.3.1.8) converts coenzyme A to acetyl-CoA. Phosphotransacetylase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.3.1.8) belongs to the transtransferase family and participates in three metabolic pathways: taurine and linolenic acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and propionic acid metabolism.
12α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, bacillus sphaericus is a dehydrogenase expressed in Bacillus sphaericus. 12α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, bacillus sphaericus is NAD-dependent and is active on both bound and unbound bile salts. This enzyme can be used to measure the concentration of 12α-hydroxy bile acids in serum .
Pyruvate Kinase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.7.1.40) is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. Pyruvate Kinase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.7.1.40) catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP.
Alanine Racemase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 5.1.1.1) is involved in alanine, aspartate and D-alanine metabolism. Alanine Racemase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 5.1.1.1) monomer is composed of two domains, an eight-stranded α/β barrel at the N-terminus and a C-terminal domain.
Myo-Inositol Dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.1.1.18) is an oxidoreductase that acts on the donor CH-OH group and uses NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor. Myo-Inositol Dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.1.1.18) is involved in inositol metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism.
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 3.6.1.1) catalyzes the conversion of one molecule of pyrophosphate to two phosphate ions. The functionality of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 3.6.1.1) plays a critical role in lipid metabolism (including lipid synthesis and degradation), calcium absorption and bone formation, and DNA synthesis,as well as other biochemical transformations.
Phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is a key enzyme in sugar metabolism that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis. The enzyme's ability to bind fructose-6-phosphate can be inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), thereby regulating the rate of glycolysis. Phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus can be used for the measurement of fructose-6-phosphate levels .
Fructose-6-phosphate Kinase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.7.1.11) is an important enzyme in glucose metabolism. Fructose-6-phosphate Kinase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.7.1.11) catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.1.1.42) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and CO2.
L-Alanine Dehydrogenase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 1.4.1.1) is an A-stereospecific dehydrogenase that catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-alanine to pyruvate and ammonium.
Phosphotransacetylase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 2.3.1.8), converts coenzyme A to acetyl-CoA. Phosphotransacetylase is an acyltransferase that transfers groups other than aminoacyl groups. Phosphotransacetylase participates in three metabolic pathways: taurine and hypoturine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and propionic acid metabolism.
Glycerokinase, Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 2.7.1.30) is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglycerides and glycerophospholipids synthesis. Glycerokinase catalyzes tge MgATP-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol to produce sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and is the rate limiting enzyme in the utilization of glycerol.
Phosphoglucose isomerase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 5.3.1.9) is an enzyme crucial for the interconversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphoglucose isomerase is responsible for the second step of glycolysis and is involved in glucogenesis.
Leucine dehydrogenase, Bacillus sp. (EC 1.4.1.9) is a carboxyl lyase that cleaves carbon-carbon bonds. L-Arginine Decarboxylase has one substrate, L-arginine, and two products, guanidine and CO2.
Diaphorase (NADH), Bacillus megaterium (EC 1.6.99.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NAD (P)H + H+ + a quinone? NAD (P)+ + a hydroquinone. The 4 substrates of this enzyme are NADH, NADPH, H+, and quinone, whereas its 3 products are NAD+, NADP+, and hydroquinone.
Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 3.2.1.93), belongs to the hydrolase family and is a glycosidase that hydrolyzes O- and S-glycoside compounds. Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase participates in the metabolism of starch and sucrose. Its substrates are α,α'-trehalose-6-phosphate and water, and its products are D-glucose and D-glucose-6-phosphate.
β-Xylosidase, Bacillus subtilis (EC 3.2.1.37) can release reducing sugars from birch xylan and catalyze the hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-cellobiose and 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-glucopyranoside. β-Xylosidase does not possess endoxylanase, arabinoxylanase, or β-glucanase activity. β-Xylosidase undergoes post-translational glycosylation modification.
β-Mannanase 26E, Bacillus subtilis (EC 3.2.1.78) is an enzyme with system name 4-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: Random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans and glucomannans.
α-Galactosidase 4A, Bacillus halodurans (EC 3.2.1.22) is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is encoded by the GLA gene. Two recombinant forms of alpha-galactosidase are called agalsidase alfa (INN) and agalsidase beta (INN) .
β-Glucosidase 1A, Bacillus halodurans (EC 3.2.1.21) is a glucosidase enzyme that acts upon β1->4 bonds linking two glucose or glucose-substituted molecules (i.e., the disaccharide cellobiose) . β-Glucosidase is one of the cellulases, enzymes involved in the decomposition of cellulose and related polysaccharides; more specifically, an exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides with release of glucose.
H-D-Ala-β-Ala-OH is a synthetic alanyl dipeptide with no activity against Bacillus thiaminolyticus spore germination and no antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at 100 μg/mL .
NusB-NusE interaction IN-1 is a NusB-NusE protein-protein interaction inhibitor and growth inhibitor with a Bacillus subtilisIC50 of 6.1 μM.NusB-NusE interaction IN-1 inhibits growth of Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis.NusB-NusE interaction IN-1 inhibits growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli .
Lantic acid is a triterpenoid compound possessing antimicrobial activity. Lantic acid exhibits inhibitory effects on a broad range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with particular potency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Lantic acid is utilized in the research and development of antimicrobial agents .
Latarcin 2a is a linear cationic antibacterial peptide that can be isolated from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Latarcin 2a has a MIC of 0.5 μM for both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Latarcin 2a is often used in the research of infectious conditions .
Bsu DNA polymerase, Large fragment is a polymerase derived from Bacillus subtilis. Bsu DNA polymerase, Large fragment is a DNA isothermal amplification polymerase with chain replacement activity, which used in RPA recombinase polymerase amplification technology .
γ-Glu-Phe TFA (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine TFA) is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe TFA or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
Tunicamycin B is a Tunicamycin (HY-A0098) derivative with antimicrobial activity. Tunicamycin B shows antibacterial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis BT01 and B. thuringiensis W102 (MICs of 0.125 and 0.063 μg/mL, respectively) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 96901 and C. albicans CMCC (F) 98001 (MICs of 8.0 and 4.0 μg/mL, respectively). Tunicamycin B can be used for antimicrobial research .
Pulvinic acid dilactone (Compound 1) is a pulvinic acid derivative and Antibacterial agent. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be isolated from the lichen Candelaria concolor. Pulvinic acid dilactone moderately inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Pulvinic acid dilactone exerts positive inotropic effects. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be used in studies related to Bacillus subtilis infections and leukemia .
Bactobolin hydrochloride (Compound 1) is an antibiotic, which inhibits Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 0.3-6.25 μg/mL. Bactobolin hydrochloride exhibits antitumor efficacy against leukemia, with a LD50 value of 6.25-12.5 mg/kg .
Bactobolin (Compound 1) is an antibiotic, which inhibits Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 0.3-6.25 μg/mL. Bactobolin exhibits antitumor efficacy against leukemia, with a LD50 value of 6.25-12.5 mg/kg .
Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial agent with high affinity for Fe 3+, found mainly in Bacillus and yeast. Pulcherriminic acid chelates iron ions through a non-enzymatic reaction to form the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin, which competes for iron nutrition and thus achieves an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid has great applications in food, agriculture and medical industries .
Kumbicin C is a bis-indolyl benzenoid compound from an Australian soil fungus, Aspergillus kumbius. Kumbicin C inhibits the growth of mouse myeloma cells and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis .
Filiformin ((-)-Filiformin) is a sesquiterpene compound that can be isolated from Laurencia filiformis forma heteroclada. Filiformin exhibits certain cytotoxicity against P388 and BSC-1 cells. Filiformin has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. In addition, Filiformin can inhibit oxygen uptake in isolated rat liver mitochondria at a concentration of 150 μM .
Stromemycin is a stromelysin inhibitor. Stromemycin exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis when used alone. Stromemycin shows a significant increase in antibacterial efficacy when combined with Compound 5. Stromemycin does not possess a significant cell-killing effect on HCT-116 cells .
Petrobactin is a photoreactive siderophore. Petrobactin can be produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. Petrobactin can be synthesized by Bacillus anthracis str. Sterne under conditions of iron starvation. Petrobactin readily undergoes a light-mediated decarboxylation reaction when bound to Fe(III) .
Tunicamycin X (Tunicamycin 17:1) is a nucleoside Antibiotic. Tunicamycin X is isolated from Streptomyces xinghaiensis SCSIO S15077. Tunicamycin X acts as a growth inhibitor against bacteria and fungi. Tunicamycin X inhibits the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Tunicamycin X inhibits the growth of Candida albicans strains .
Guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether is a phenolic β-O-4 type lignin model compound that mimics the most common β-O-4 aryl ether linkages in plant lignin. Guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether can be degraded by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CotA. Guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether is a commonly used model compound for studying the β-O-4 inter-unit linkage, the most abundant substructure in lignin, and can be applied to investigate the reaction pathway of vanillin preparation via alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation .
Pulvinamide is a tetronic acid pigment, a pulvinic acid derivative, an Antibacterial agent and Antifungal agent. Pulvinamide can be isolated from lichens. Pulvinamide weakly inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with an MIC of 50 μg/mL. Pulvinamide weakly inhibits the growth of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 9763), with MIC values of 200 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively .
Raxibacumab (ABthrax) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). Raxibacumab blocks the toxin’s deleterious effects by preventing binding of the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxin to its receptors in host cells, thereby blocking the toxin’s deleterious effects. Raxibacumab can be used for anti-anthrax research .
Carvacrol methyl ether is a carvacrol derivative isolated from plant essential oils. Carvacrol methyl ether essentially lost its antibacterial activity, exhibiting only a weak inhibitory effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the highest tested concentration of 3 g/L .
MraY-IN-1 (compound 12a) is a potent MraY inhibitor with an IC50 value of 140 μM. MraY-IN-1 has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K12, Bacillus subtilis W23 and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 with MIC50s of 7 µg/mL, 12 µg/mL and 46 µg/mL, respectively. MraY-IN-1 can be used for researching anti-bacteria .
Rubiginone D2 is an antibiotic, which exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Rubiginone D2 exhibits antitumor efficacy, inhibits proliferations of cancer cells HM02, Kato III, HepG2 and MCF7, with GI50s of 0.1, 0.7, <0.1 and 7.5 μM, respectively .
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane oxidizes free thiol groups to their corresponding disulfides. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane induces intracellular substance leakage in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane modulates the oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .
Burnettramic acid A is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Aspergillus burnettii. Burnettramic acid A exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities, with IC50 of 0.2, 0.5, 2.3 and 5.9 μg/mL, for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Burnettramic acid A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell NS-1 with IC50 of 13.8 μg/mL .
5-Bromoindolin-2-one (5-Bromooxindole) is a synthetic intermediate. 5-Bromoindolin-2-one can be used for the synthesis of CDK2 inhibitors and antibacterial agents .
Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) is an antibiotic, and shows antimicrobial activity. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can inhibit A. baumannii, as well as Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can be used in microbial infection research .
N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine is a key metabolic marker in the biosynthesis and maturation of colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine acts as a biomarker for detecting colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine exhibits mild growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 .
3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] is a MtbFtsZ inhibitor. 3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] inhibits the GTPase activity of MtbFtsZ. 3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] increases the cell length of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus subtilis. 3,3'-Bi[1H-indole] can be used in the research of tuberculosis .
1-Eicosanol (Arachidyl alcohol) is a long-chain fatty alcohol and volatile organic compound that can be isolated from the leaves of Leea indica and produced by Bacillus velezensis ZJ1. 1-Eicosanol inhibits mycelial growth of Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. 1-Eicosanol is applicable to research related to tomato early blight and tomato gray mold .
DC-86-M is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Streptomyces luteogriseus. DC-86-M exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio anguillarum, and Proteus vulgaris, with MIC <1 μg/mL. DC-86-M exhibits antitumor activity against mouse sarcoma 180 with LD50 of 25 mg/kg .
Kipukasin B is an antibacterial agent. Kipukasin B exhibits activity against the Gram-positive strain Bacillus subtilis. Kipukasin B is isolated from Aspergillus versicolor obtained from Hawaii. Kipukasin B can be used in the research of Gram-positive bacterial infections .
Surfactin C2 is a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis A18 with antifungal activity. Surfactin C2 acts against Heterobasidion annosum and Heterobasidion parviporum. Surfactin C2 exerts its activity mainly through membrane‑active effects to disrupt fungal cell structures and inhibit mycelial growth. Surfactin C2 can be used for the research of butt rot and root rot of conifers .
Xanthoangelol F is a prenylated (geranylated) chalcone and Antibacterial agent. Xanthoangelol F can be isolated from Angelica keiskei. Xanthoangelol F inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus, with an MIC of 64 μg/mL .
Plipastatin A1 (Fengycin IX; SNA-60-367-3) is a lipopeptide with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Plipastatin A1 inhibits conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and reduces the incidence of gray mold on tomato leaves. Plipastatin A1 is applicable to research related to gray mold [1][2].
Phosphoglucose isomerase, bacillus stearothermophilus is a highly conserved glycolytic and dimeric enzyme. Phosphoglucose isomerase, bacillus stearothermophilus catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate .
Mycobacterium bovis bacterial protein is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis bacterial protein causes tuberculosis in bovines .
10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one (Mtx-C) is analkaloid derivative. 10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one can induce DNA damage by intercalating into DNA. 10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, cause G2/M phase arrest and induce myeloid differentiation. T10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one can upregulate the expression of myeloperoxidase, CD15, CD11b, and CD14, as well as activation of p38 MAPK. 10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one also exhibits anti-bacterial activity. 10-Methoxy-canthin-6-one can be used for the researches of cancer and infection, such as acute myeloid leukemias (AML) .
S-Methyl thioacetate is a toxicant with fumigant activity, can be found in emissions from Bacillus oshimensis, Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. S-Methyl thioacetate exerts fumigant toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. S-Methyl thioacetate functions as a bacterial volatile organic compound. S-Methyl thioacetate can be used for the research of plant-parasitic nematode infection .
7-(Carboxymethoxy)-4-methylcoumarin (Compound VIIIa) is the antibacterial and antifungal agent that exhibits inhibitory activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, S. lutea, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis .
Cyclo(IP) (Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Ile)), a Diketopiperazine can be derived From Bacillus thuringiensis JCK-1233, results in suppression of PWD severity and increased the expression of defense-related genes similarly to Bacillus thuringiensis JCK-1233 treatment .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate (S-2251 acetate) is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (S-2251) is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
4-Ethoxyphenol is a natural compound isolated from marine gorgonian-associated bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCSIO 00856. 4-Ethoxyphenol shows potent antilarval activity towards Bacillus amphitrite larvae with an EC50 value of 24.1 μg/mL .
Antibacterial agent 326 is a bactericide that inhibits the growth of various bacterial strains. Antibacterial agent 326 inhibits biofilm formation in Escherichia coli, disrupts bacterial cell membranes, induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli, increases ROS levels, and reduces GSH activity. Antibacterial agent 326 can be used in studies of bacterial infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria spp., Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella enteritidis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide) dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin, Germacranolide, is an Antifungal and Antibacterial agent. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin can be isolated from Elephantopus tomentosus Linn and E. mollis. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin is moderately active against Candida albicans (14 mm clearing zone) and slightly active against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 mm), Bacillus subtilis (14 mm), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (13 mm) .
N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent .
Nonanal (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nonanal. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with antidiarrhoeal activity .
γ-Decalactone-d7 is deuterated labeled γ-Decalactone. γ-Decalactone is a natural flavoring substance with the fruity aroma of juicy peaches. γ-Decalactone can be used as a food additive .
KKL-55 is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that inhibits the trans-translation pathway and the ClpXP protease. KKL-55 suppresses trans-translation of non-stop mRNA, interferes with the binding of EF-Tu to tmRNA, and inhibits the proteolysis of substrates by ClpXP. KKL-55 blocks spore germination of Bacillus anthracis and protects macrophages from damage induced by anthrax toxin. By virtue of its inhibitory effect on ClpXP, KKL-55 synergistically enhances the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. KKL-55 can be used in studies related to bacterial infections .
Homogeraniol (Homogeranyl alcohol) is a substrate of the squalene cyclase from Bacillus acidocaldarius and can be used to determine the activity of squalene cyclase .
Pycnophorin significantly inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 25 μM.
Euryachin E is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent found in Eurya chinensis. It exhibits a MIC of 6.25 μg/mL against B. cereus and 0.78 μg/mL against S. aureus. Its IC50 against COVID-19 is 6.41 μM. Euryachin E can be utilized for research in the fields of infection and inflammation .
4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine (L-PCPA) is a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor targeting TPH1 and TPH2, with the activity of blocking serotonin biosynthesis. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine reduces the levels of serotonin and its metabolites in the brain without impairing the survival of serotonergic neurons. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine enhances anhedonic, depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors in mice with depleted noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine acts as a decarboxylation substrate for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase from Bacillus atrophaeus. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine can be used in studies related to Parkinson's disease .
Rugulotrosin A is an antibiotic originally isolated from Penicillium. It is active against the Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with 99% lethal dose (LD99) values of 1.6, 3.1, 5.5, and 200 μg/mL, respectively.1 Rugulotrosin A is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria.
D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research .
Musellactone is a lactone that can be isolated from Musella lasiocarpa. Musellactone is an antibiotic, that exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium and Sarcina lutea .
Atrovenetin is an antibiotic found in Penicillium species. Atrovenetin has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Atrovenetin is also a potent antioxidant.
Bagougeramine A is found in the strain of Bacillus circulans TB-2125. Bagougeramine A has activities against Gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria .
Sclerotioramine (Compound 1), a red pigment, is an antioxidant compound. Sclerotioramine can be isolated from the endolichenic fungus Penicillium sp.-strain 1322P. Sclerotioramine has potent antibacterial activity with MICs of 3.125, 3.125 and 6.25 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Shigella dysentery, respectively. Sclerotioramine also has significant antifungal activity against Pestalotiopsis theae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Exserohilum turcicum .
Sodium diacetate (Sodium hydrogen diacetate) is a multifunctional biochemical reagent with antibacterial (bacteria) and antifungal (fungi) activities. Sodium diacetate exerts its antimicrobial effect mainly by effectively penetrating the cell walls of microorganisms and interfering with enzyme interactions. Sodium diacetate inhibits the growth and survival of fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, as well as bacteria such as Listeria and Escherichia coli. Sodium diacetate inhibits the growth of endothelial cells. Sodium diacetate can be used in the synthesis of food preservatives, flavoring agents and pH control additives .
Gageotetrin A is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin A has antifungal activity, but none toxic to numerous human cancer cells .
γ-D-Glutamyl-L-lysine dipeptidyl-peptidase (EC 3.4.14.13) , characterized from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is involved in the recycling of the murein peptide.
γ-Chloronorvaline has the activity of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serrata, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis in the synthetic medium, but has no effect on Escherichia coli .
1,4, 6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-prenylxanthone is an antimicrobial agent that can be isolated from the genus garcinia. 1,4, 6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-prenylxanthone inhibits S. aureus and B. cereus with MIC values of 128 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively .
sCy5DL-amide is an amidated fluorescent D-amino acid conjugated to Sulfo-Cyanine 5, and a peptidoglycan labeling agent. sCy5DL-amide incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall via transpeptidase-mediated reactions, replacing the fourth or fifth D-amino acid of the peptidoglycan stem peptide for visualization of nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis. sCy5DL-amide produces clear cell outline, septum labeling, and high localization density in Bacillus subtilis, including a 'V-shape' pattern at cell-cell contact areas. sCy5DL-amide exhibits robust incorporation into Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, with reduced incorporation into Gram-negative bacteria (Ex/Em = 646/666 nm) .
L-threo-β-Hydroxyaspartic acid is an amino acid antibiotic. L-threo-β-Hydroxyaspartic acid has the activity of inhibiting Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas oryzae, Mycobacterium phlei and Botrytis cinerea .
Nocardicin B is originally isolated from Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsugamanensis ATCC 21806. Nocardicin B only has a weak antibacterial effect on Proteus and axillary bacillus .
Macatrichocarpin A is a flavanone with anti-bacterial activity. Macatrichocarpin A inhibits Bacillus subtilis with MIC value of 26.5 μM. Macatrichocarpin A can be isolated from the leaves of Macaranga trichocarpa .
Polymyxin D1 is a heteropeptide antibiotic found in different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, and its effect against Gram-negative bacteria is greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria .
Polymyxin A2 is a heteropeptide antibiotic found in different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, and its effect against Gram-negative bacteria is greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria .
Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 µg/disk .
Polymyxin A1 is a heteropeptide antibiotic found in different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, and its effect against Gram-negative bacteria is greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria .
Bacitracin A is an antibiotic, which exhibits antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. Bacitracin A forms complex with long-chain polyisoprenyl pyrophosphates in presence of metal ions, dephosphorylates the lipid carrier intermediate Css-bactoprenyl pyrophosphate, inhibits thus the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis .
ML267 free base is a blood-brain barrier permeable Antibacterial agent and bacterial phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.29 μM against Bacillus subtilis Sfp-PPTase and an IC50 of 8.1 μM against bacterial AcpS-PPTase. ML267 free base attenuates bacterial secondary metabolism, activity, and the production of Sfp-PPTase-dependent metabolites. ML267 free base inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ML267 free base is applicable to research related to bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections .
Seitomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic. Seitomycin has moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and green Streptomyces chlorophyllus .
Bagougeramine B is an orally active nucleoside antibiotic with antimicrobial activity, which is found in Bacillus circulans. Bagougeramine B inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some fungi .
2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) is a crucial precursor in the industrial production of vitamin C. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid inhibits the growth of Bacillus pumilus and Ketogulonicigenium vulgare .
DS-8587 is a new fluoroquinolone with significant antibacterial activity. The MIC value of DS-8587 against clinically isolated amoxicillin-resistant Bacillus strains is superior to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of DS-8587 is less affected by adeA/adeB/adeC or abeM efflux pumps, and has more advantages than ciprofloxacin. DS-8587 has a lower single-step mutation frequency than ciprofloxacin. DS-8587 may be an effective drug for inhibiting amoxicillin-resistant Bacillus infections .
Anhydroerythromycin A is a degradation product of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Anhydroerythromycin A is formed via degradation of erythromycin in acidic aqueous solutions in vitro as well as in vivo. Anhydroerythromycin A is active against S. aureus and B. cereus in vitro (MICs = 12.5 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively). Anhydroerythromycin A also inhibits steroid 6β-hydroxylase activity associated with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A in human liver microsomes.
Polymyxin T1 is an antibiotic found in Bacillus polymyxa E-12. Polymyxin T1 has an effect against Gram-negative bacteria and a weak effect against Gram-positive bacteria .
9-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyphenalen-1-one is a phytoalexin and mixed competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor of Bacillus stearothermophilus (IC50: 3.86 mg/L) .
Schizokinen is an iron-transport agent. Schizokinen can be obtained from Bacillus megaterium. Schizokinen possesses a higher affinity for iron(III) than Desferrioxamine B. Schizokinen reduces the division lag of bacteria .
Pyloricidin A is an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori found in Bacillus sp. HC-70. Pyloricidin A has strong anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pyloricidin A has no activity against other bacteria and yeast .
4-Methylbenzohydrazide (p-ToluoylHYdrazine) (Compound 5) is an antibacterial agent. 4-Methylbenzohydrazide shows a pMIC value of 1.38 against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger .
Aspergillumarin B (Compound 2) is a derivative of dihydroisocoumarin. Aspergillumarin B can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.. Aspergillumarin B has a weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis .
5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (Compound 3n) is an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, that inhibits Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with MIC of 8 and 4 μg/mL. 5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol exhibits antioxidant activity with IC50 of 17.47 μM using DPPH free radical-scavenging method .
Curromycin A has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin A can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
Ophiobolin H is a fungal metabolite that can be isolated from Aspergillus ustus. Ophiobolin H inhibits growth of Bacillus subtilis cultures. Ophiobolin H induces hyperacusia in day-old chicks at rates up to 375 mg/kg .
Javanicin is an antibacterial agent with certain antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Javanicin has weak cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line .
Leuhistin is an AP-M (aminopeptidase-M) inhibitor. AP-M is an inactivating enzyme of bioactive peptides in cerebral
membranes. Leuhistin can be produced by Bacillus laterosporus BMI156-14F1 .
ent-Epanorin is an enantiomer of Epanorin (HY-N16418). ent-Epanorin has more potent antibacterial and antiparasitic activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Giardiaduodenalis 713 compared to Epanorin .
Cyclo(Ala-Tyr) is a cyclic dipeptide that can be isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine microorganism Bacillus marinus B-9987 isolated from the rhizosphere tissue of Suaeda salsa in the intertidal zone of Bohai Bay, China .
Monocerin is an isocoumarin derivative. Monocerin is isolated from Microdochium bolleyi, an endophytic fungus from Fagonia cretica. Monocerin shows good antifungal, antibacterial, and antialgal activities against Microbotryum violaceum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, and Chlorella fusca .
Curromycin B has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin B can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside (PNP α-L-Fuc) is a specific substrate of Pecten maximus α-L-fucosidase, with a Km value of 650 µM. p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside serves as a substrate for ClAgl29A and ClAgl29B. Enzymatic hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside releases p-nitrophenol and α-L-fucose, where the latter undergoes mutarotation over time to form β-L-fucose. p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside is not the preferred substrate for ClAgl29A and ClAgl29B .
Cinosulfuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinosulfuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
Antibacterial agent 329 (Compound 9c) is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 329 inhibits the activity of MraY. Antibacterial agent 329 exhibits antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12 and Bacillus subtilis W23 with a MIC of 16 μg/mL, but shows no activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Antibacterial agent 329 exerts antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii 19606, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA USA300 JE2, Enterobacter cloacae 19434, Klebsiella pneumoniae 700603 and Enterococcus faecium 19434, with MIC values of 8, 8, 16-32, 16-32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively, while it shows no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 13437 .
BE 24566B is a polyketide fungal metabolite originally isolated from S. violaceusniger. It is active against B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. aureus, M. luteus, E. faecalis, and S. thermophilus (MICs=1.56, 1.56, 1.56, 1.56, 3.13, and 3.13 μg/mL, respectively). BE 24566B is an endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist (IC50s=11 and 3.9 μM for ETA and ETB receptors, respectively).
Longistyline A (Longistylin A) is a natural stilbene, it can be isolated from leaves of Cajanus cajan. Longistyline A shows antimicrobial activity against MRSA with an MIC value of 1.56 μg/mL. Longistyline A shows neuroprotective effects, it can be used for the research of infection and nerve diseases .
Pyloricidin A1 is an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori found in Bacillus sp. HC-70. Pyloricidin A1 has strong anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pyloricidin A1 has no activity against other bacteria and yeast .
Pyloricidin A2 is an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori found in Bacillus sp. HC-70. Pyloricidin A2 has strong anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pyloricidin A2 has no activity against other bacteria and yeast .
CDG-DNB3 is a selective fluorescent probe for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CDG-DNB3 provides rapid and specific labeling of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CDG-DNB3 can image Bacillus Calmette-Guérin phagocytosis in real time .
Polymyxin D2 is an antibiotic discovered from Bacillus polymyxa, exhibiting antibacterial activity. Its core structure consists of a cyclic heptapeptide moiety and a tripeptide side chain with a fatty acyl residue. Polymyxin D2 can be used in anti-infective research .
Antibacterial agent 249 demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, making it a potential candidate for treating bacterial infections.
Tyrothricin is a polypeptide antibiotic mixture isolated from Bacillus brevis and consists of tyrocidines and gramicidins. Tyrothricin shows activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Tyrothricin containing formulations are used in sore throat agents and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds .
Myxochelin A is a microbial metabolite that has been found in A. disciformis and has diverse biological activities. It is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including B. cereus, S. aureus, and M. luteus, but not Gram-negative bacteria or fungi in an agar diffusion assay when used at a concentration of 80 μg/disc. Myxochelin A inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity with an IC50 value of 1.9 μM for the recombinant human enzyme. It is cytotoxic to 26-L5 colon cancer cells when used at a concentration of 3 μg/mL.
Leucine dehydrogenase, Microorganism (EC 1.4.1.9) can be purified from Bacillus spheroides. Leucine dehydrogenase catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-leucine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-norvaline, L-alpha-aminobutyrate, and L-norleucine, and the reductive amination of their keto analogues .
FabH-IN-3 (Compound 12) is an inhibitor of FabH. FabH-IN-3 exhibits MIC against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus are all 50 μg/mL. FabH-IN-3 can be used for research on Gram-negative bacterial infections .
Linearmycin B is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Linearmycin B shows activity against Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). Candida albicans (Ca), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), with MIC values of 0.097, 1.5, 0.0008, and 0.0002 μg/mL, respectively .
Deoxyribonucleic acid, single stranded from salmon testes is a sodium salt of deoxyribonucleic acid from salmon testes that has been used in basal media for the anaerobic growth of several strains of Bacillus mojavei. Deoxyribonucleic acid, single stranded from salmon testes can also be used as a substrate for the development of DNA detection assays .
Germicidin C is a microbial metabolite with antibacterial activity, which is found in the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus niger. Germicidin C can inhibit the growth of various pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL .
Isofusidienol A (Compound 26) is a chromone compound. Isofusidienol A can be isolated from Artemisia vulgaris. Isofusidienol A has significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Isofusidienol A also has potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Isofusidienol A can be used for bacterial and fungal infections research .
Steffimycin B is an anthracycline bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces. It binds to DNA, preferentially intercalating at sites containing cytosine and guanine.2 Steffimycin B is cytotoxic to MCF-7, KB, NCI-H187, and Vero cells (IC50s=3.5, 6.75, 3.28, and 10.5 μM, respectively). It is active against M. tuberculosis (MIC=5.2 nM), B. cereus (MIC=1.56 μg/mL), and P. falciparum (IC50=2.19 μM).
1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a ubiquitous bicyclic intermediate metabolite in the microbial degradation process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid can be converted into 1,2-naphthalenediol, which enters the naphthalene degradation pathway and participates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to achieve complete mineralization .
Blepharotriol is a phenolic triterpene that can be found in Maytenus blepharodes. Blepharotriol shows antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 8-4 µg/ml for Bacillus subtilis. Blepharotriol shows cytotoxic activity with IC50s of 12.2, >20, >20 µM for HeLa, Hep-2, Vero cells, respectively .
Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis .
Dalbavancin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Dalbavancin . Dalbavancin (MDL-63397) is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Dalbavancin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis with MIC90s of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively .
NSC-79887 is a nucleoside hydrolase (NH) inhibitor with activity against Bacillus anthracis. NSC-79887 is considered a good candidate inhibitor of nucleoside hydrolases for biological testing and further development. The pharmacokinetic (ADMET) prediction of NSC-79887 showed that all physicochemical parameters were within the acceptable range for human use .
3-Methoxybenzoic acid (3-Anisic acid; NSC 27014; m-Methoxybenzoic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methoxybenzoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methoxybenzoic acid is a substituted benzoic acid and precursor for synthesis of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus spp .
Macrocarpal A (10-epi-Eucarobustol F) is an antibacterial agent, which can be isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus macrocarpa. Macrocarpal A inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 (minimum inhibitory concentration below 0.2 µM) and Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.4 µM) .
Lankamycin, a macrolide antibiotic, shows moderate antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive bacteria, acting as a synergistic pair with carbocyclic antibiotic Lankacidin C (HY-121412) by binding to the ribosome exit tunnel .
Cuevaene A can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene A displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
(R)-4-Methoxydalbergione is a urease inhibitor with IC50s of 59.72 and 67.33 μM for Bacillus pasteurii urease and Jack bean urease. (R)-4-Methoxydalbergione also has antiplasmodial activity. (R)-4-Methoxydalbergione can be isolated from Ranunculus repens .
γ-D-Glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase (EC 3.4.19.11) is a 45-kDa metallopeptidase from Bacillus sphaericus, the substrates being components of the bacterial spore wall. A member of peptidase family M14 (carboxypeptidase A family) . Endopeptidase II has similar activity, but differs in cellular location, molecular mass and catalytic mechanism.
3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRTs) and PARP, inhibits cell division in Bacillus subtilis, leading to filamentation and eventually lysis of cells . 3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) enhances in vitro plant growth, microtuberization, and transformation efficiency of blue potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum) .
Rhizocarpic acid (Compound 2) is a secondary metabolite of lichen. Rhizocarpic acid effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as murine myeloma NS-1 cells. Rhizocarpic acid is an antioxidant and an insect antifeedant with an ED50 of 71 μmol/g dry weight against neonate larvae of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis .
Aspergillumarin A is a dihydroisocoumarin derivative with various biological activity. Aspergillumarin A inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.. Aspergillumarin A exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Aspergillumarin A can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Oxalate decarboxylase, Microorganism (EC 4.1.1.2), a stress-response enzyme in certain soil bacteria, is a Mn-dependent enzyme in the cupin superfamily and is found in fungi and soil bacteria. Oxalate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of the oxalate mono-anion in the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Enzymatic activity of OxDC is strongly pH dependent, with a maximum at around pH 4.0 .
HCA-6 is a calcium-channel and P-glycoprotein blocker. HCA-6 can induce cancer cells apoptosis and increase anticancer activity of Cisplatin (HY-17394). HCA-6 also exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. HCA-6 can be used for the research of cancer and infection, such as breast cancer .
Cuevaene B can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene B displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
1,2-Hexanediol (Hexane-1,2-diol) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. 1,2-Hexanediol exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal activity against fungal organisms. 1,2-Hexanediol disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane potential of bacteria. 1,2-Hexanediol can be used in research on bacterial and fungal infections, as well as cosmetic preservation .
Maximin H4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H4 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 12, 6, 12, 6 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H2 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H2 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 2, 4, 2 μg/ml, respectively .
Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate (APBADP) is an adenylosuccinate lyase substrate analog and competitive inhibitor. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate binds to the tetramers of *Bacillus subtilis* adenylosuccinate lyase and wild-type human adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate can be used for research on adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency .
Nanangenine F is a drimane sesquiterpenoid with weak antibacterial and anticancer activities. Nanangenine F inhibits Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with an IC50 of 78 µg/mL. Nanangenine F inhibits NS-1, DU-145, MCF-7 and human fibroblast NFF cells with IC50s of 49 µg/mL, 95 µg/mL, 49 µg/mL, and 84 µg/mL, respectively .
Sarothralin G is an antibacterial compound isolated from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. (Japanese spurfle). The structure of Sarothralin G contains phenolic and aromatic acid moieties and shows excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Nocardia spp., which is stronger than Sarothralen A, B and Saroaspidin A, B, C. Sarothralin G exhibits significant antibacterial potential.
Maximin H3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H3 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 10, 20, 5 μg/ml, respectively .
Veratric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Veratric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities . Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling . Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation .
Rhizocticin A is an antifungal phosphono-oligopeptide against Ascodesmis, Plicaria, Rhizoctonia with MIC of 3.5 μg/mL. Rhizocticin A produces toxic L-2-Amino-5-phospho-3-cis-pentenoic acid (L-APPA), which may interfere with cell metabolism .
Faropenem is a potent and orally active beta-lactam antibiotic. Faropenem demonstrates broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. Faropenem is resistant to hydrolysis by nearly all beta-lactamases, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases. Faropenem is developed as an oral proagent, faropenem medoxomil, for the research of respiratory tract infections .
Maximin H1 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H1 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 9, 4.5, 9, 4.5 μg/ml, respectively .
N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine-d2 is the deuterium labeled N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine (HY-N18530). N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine is a key metabolic marker in the biosynthesis and maturation of colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine acts as a biomarker for detecting colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine exhibits mild growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610.
RW3 (MP196) is a small cationic antimicrobial hexapeptide. RW3 targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 exhibits high bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis 168 (MIC of 2 µg/mL). RW3 causes shrinking of murine erythrocytes. RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal research .
Epoxyquinomicin B is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6.25-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210 with IC50 of 16.3 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Enfumafungin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enfumafungin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis[1][2].
Epoxyquinomicin A is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 3-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210, B16 and S180 with IC50 of 2-8 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Mizoribine 5'-monophosphate (MZR-P) is the active metabolite of Mizoribine (HY-17470). Mizoribine 5'-monophosphate is an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), and its Ki values for IMPDH of Trypanosoma brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Oceanobacillus iheyensis are 3.3, 72 and 157 nM respectively. Mizoribine 5'-monophosphate can be used in anti-trypanosomiasis and immunosuppression research .
Mazethramycin B (Compound II) is an antitumor antibiotic. Mazethramycin B can be isolated from the Streptomyces thioluteusM ME561-L4. Mazethramycin B has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (such as MICs of 1.56 and 6.25 μg/mL for the bacteria Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 and the fungus Candida pseudotropicalis, resepectively). Mazethramycin B significantly increases survival in L1210 leukemia mice model .
Sedoheptulose is a heptulose. Sedoheptulose, in the form of phosphate esters, functions as a metabolic intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. Sedoheptulose serves as a starting material for the chemical synthesis of pseudoaminosugars and chiral substituted furans .
Bacillibactin (Corynebactin) is a cyclic tricatecholate siderophore. Bacillibactin’s primary function is to facilitate bacterial iron acquisition by chelating iron ions (Fe 3+) from the environment, thereby aiding bacterial survival under iron-limited conditions. Bacillibactin exhibits direct antimicrobial activity, such as inhibition of the growth of the producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas veronae, as well as plant pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae.Bacillibactin can be used in antibacterial and antifungal research .
γ-Glu-(Phe- 13C9, 15N) is the 13C and 15N labeled isotope of γ-Glu-Phe(HY-101399).γ-Glu-Phe or the postenzymatic reaction mixture enhanced the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken soup.
G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is an antimicrobial peptide. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 has low toxicity to primary cells and mice, and G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is not easy to induce bacterial resistance. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 can be used in the research of anti-infection agents .
Ceftezole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ceftezole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ceftezole sodium (CTZ sodium) is a broad-spectrum cephem antibiotic against many species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftezole sodium (CTZ sodium) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with in vivo anti-diabetic activity .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Monascorubrin is a compound that can be isolated from Monascus mycelia. Monascorubrin has activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory. Monascorubrin also has certain embryotoxicity, with an ED50 of 4.3 μg for chicken embryos. Monascorubrin can be used for the research of tumors and inflammatory diseases .
Hydroxyflutamide (HFT) is the active metabolite of Flutamide (HY-B0022) and exhibits oral activity. Hydroxyflutamide is a potent androgen receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 700 nM. Hydroxyflutamide can affect embryonic development and reproductive tract development in mice. Additionally, Hydroxyflutamide can enhance the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to better inhibit the progression of bladder cancer. Hydroxyflutamide can be used in research related to tumors and reproductive diseases .
3-Methoxybenzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methoxybenzamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRTs) and PARP, inhibits cell division in Bacillus subtilis, leading to filamentation and eventually lysis of cells . 3-Methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) enhances in vitro plant growth, microtuberization, and transformation efficiency of blue potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum) .
14-epi-Berkeleylactone F (Compound 8) is a C-14 epimer of Berkeleylactone F (HY-N8386). 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F can be isolated from Penicillium turbatum NRRL 5630. 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F has no significant biological activity against bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli), fungi Candida albicans, the parasite Giardia duodenalis and NS-1 murine myeloma cells .
Ziapin 2 is a membrane potential modulator and an intracellular membrane photoactuator. Ziapin 2 binds to the bacterial plasma membrane, and upon embedding into the lipid bilayer, undergoes trans-cis isomerization under 470 nm light irradiation, which triggers membrane potential hyperpolarization and induces the opening of ion channels on bacterial cell membranes. Through interactions with lipids, Ziapin 2 increases the overall flexibility of the lipid bilayer. Ziapin 2 can form photosensitive transmembrane dimers to trigger cellular signal transduction. Ziapin 2 is applicable to the research and regulation of bacterial electrical signal transduction and the regulation of membrane physical properties .
Neospiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic and a derivative of Spiramycin I (HY-N7141). Neospiramycin I is effective against the macrolide-sensitive KB210 strain of S. aureus, but ineffective against the macrolide-resistant KB224 strain, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 3.12 and greater than 100 µg/mL, respectively; it is also effective against B. cereus, B. subtilis, M. luteus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, with respective MIC values of 1.56, 3.12, 3.12, 0.2, 50, and 12.5 µg/mL. Neospiramycin I binds to the ribosomes of E. coli, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 1.2 µM. It protects mice from death in a type III S. pneumoniae infection model, with an effective dose 50 (ED50) of 399.8 mg/kg .
10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin is a prenylated flavonoid compound with antibacterial activity, which can be isolated from propolis of the Solomon Islands. 4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin exerts its antibacterial activity by enhancing cell penetration and damaging bacterial cell membranes or cell walls. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are 32 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL, and 128 μg/mL, respectively .
Aspergillus niger-IN-1 (Compound 17), a derivative of thiazolidine-2,4-dione, acts as an antimicrobial agent. Aspergillus niger-IN-1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, with MIC values of 11.3, 5.65, 11.3, 5.65, 5.65, 5.65, and 5.65 μM/mL, respectively .
β-Glucosidase 1A, Bacillus halodurans (EC 3.2.1.21) is a glucosidase enzyme that acts upon β1->4 bonds linking two glucose or glucose-substituted molecules (i.e., the disaccharide cellobiose) . β-Glucosidase is one of the cellulases, enzymes involved in the decomposition of cellulose and related polysaccharides; more specifically, an exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides with release of glucose.
Evoxine (Haplophytin B) is a compound that selectively inhibits CO2-induced immunosuppression and has activity in inhibiting the expression of interleukin-6 and chemokine CCL2 in human THP-1 macrophages. Evoxine shows antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, especially performing well in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Evoxine extracts may find application in crude drug preparations in West Africa, provided that their in vivo toxicity results are negative .
FtsZ-IN-10 is a bacterial division inhibitor that interferes with the normal assembly of FtsZ. FtsZ-IN-10 specifically binds to Bacillus subtilis FtsZ monomers, thereby affecting their polymerization behavior. FtsZ-IN-10 may also activate nucleotide-free archaeal FtsZ to form ordered polymers. FtsZ-IN-10 can hinder the localization of FtsZ in the Z ring and inhibit bacterial cell division. Chlorinated analogs of FtsZ-IN-10 show the ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci .
10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
PD98059 is a potent and selective MEK inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 µM. PD98059 binds to the inactive form of MEK, thereby preventing the activation of MEK1 (IC50 of 2-7 µM) and MEK2 (IC50 of 50 µM) by upstream kinases. PD98059 is a ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor. PD98059 is a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and suppresses TCDD binding (IC50 of 4 μM) and AHR transformation (IC50 of 1 μM). PD98059 also inhibits Mycobacterium bovisBacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG)-induced autophagy .
γ-Glu-(Phe-13C9,15N) (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine-13C9,15N) TFA is the 13C- and 15N-labeled γ-Glu-Phe TFA (HY-101399A). γ-Glu-Phe TFA is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe TFA or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
KKL-40 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the trans-transcription process and is effective against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as other Gram-positive pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. KKL-40 synergizes with the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to inhibit S. aureus, but does not synergize with other antibiotics such as daptomycin, kanamycin, or erythromycin. Trans-transcription is an extreme form of recoding, and KKL-40 inhibits trans-transcription but is nontoxic to HeLa cells .
Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Hydroxyflutamide (Standard) (HFT (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Hydroxyflutamide (HY-W013272). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxyflutamide (HFT) is the active metabolite of Flutamide (HY-B0022) and exhibits oral activity. Hydroxyflutamide is a potent androgen receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 700 nM. Hydroxyflutamide can affect embryonic development and reproductive tract development in mice. Additionally, Hydroxyflutamide can enhance the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to better inhibit the progression of bladder cancer. Hydroxyflutamide can be used in research related to tumors and reproductive diseases .
Sabinene hydrate is a volatile organic compound of a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol. Sabinene hydrate, as a plant secondary metabolite, is naturally present in various plants and their essential oils. Sabinene hydrate exhibits broad-spectrum but varying-intensity antibacterial activity, with the greatest sensitivity to Gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 0.0312 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.0625 mg/mL). Sabinene hydrate also shows certain sensitivity to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with MIC values of 0.125 mg/mL for both. Sabinene hydrate can be used in the research of the ecological functions of plant defense substances .
10-Undecenoic acid copper (Undecylenic acid copper) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid copper has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid copper has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Ducloudine C is an alkaloid present in the roots of Aconitum duclouxii with antifungal activity. Ducloudine C has an MIC of 128 μg/mL against Candida albicans .
6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene (Compound 6) is a diterpenoid found in Premna obtusifolia with antibacterial activity. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can significantly inhibit the release of the inflammatory mediator NO, with an IC50 value of 29.1 μM. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can be used for the researches of infection and inflammation .
(6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane (Lesquerellin; 6-Methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate) is an isothiocyanate found in wasabi (W. japonica) and has various biological activities. (6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane is active against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus T. mentagrophytes (MIC=25 μg/mL). (6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane also has anthelmintic activity against blue mussel (M. edulis). (6-Isothiocyanatohexyl)(methyl)sulfane has antifouling activity when applied to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panels at a concentration of 50 μmol/cm2 in a conventional immersion test.
D-Arabitol- 13C is the 13C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
(-)-(E)-Guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats .
D-Arabitol- 13C-1 is the 13C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
D-Arabitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Arabitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
(-)-(E) -guggulsterone (Standard) is the analytical standard for (-)-(E) -guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) (HY-N7781). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
D-Arabitol- 13C-2 is the 13C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
10-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Aldgamycin E is a neutral macrolide antibiotic that can be derived from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lavendulae. Aldgamycin E has antibacterial activity .
PD98059 (Standard) is the analytical standard of PD98059. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PD98059 is a potent and selective MEK inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 µM. PD98059 binds to the inactive form of MEK, thereby preventing the activation of MEK1 (IC50 of 2-7 µM) and MEK2 (IC50 of 50 µM) by upstream kinases. PD98059 is a ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor. PD98059 is a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and suppresses TCDD binding (IC50 of 4 μM) and AHR transformation (IC50 of 1 μM). PD98059 also inhibits Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG)-induced autophagy .
Pimelic acid (Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) is a seven-carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a downstream product of fatty acid synthesis. Pimelic acid is a key precursor in biotin biosynthesis. Pimelic acid can be converted to pimelic acid-CoA by the BioW enzyme, thereby bypassing exogenous biotin requirements to support growth in various biotinytrophic bacteria and fungi, and reversing antibiotic-induced inhibition of biotin synthesis. Furthermore, Pimelic acid has been proposed as a highly specific biomarker for oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Pimelic acid can be used to study retinopathy of preterm infants, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and microbial biotin metabolism .
Tunicamycin A1 (Tunicamycin 14:1; Tunicamycin II; Tunicamycin C) is an antibiotic. Tunicamycin A1 exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of bacterial. Tunicamycin A1 can be used in studies related to bacterial infections .
10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (NSC 49139) is an endogenous metabolite. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine in produced in food systems of two whey protein hydrolysates, obtained using either trypsin or proteinase from Aspergillus melleus. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be qualitatively monitored using a stable isotope dilution assay. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can also be generated via microbial mechanisms using Bacillus subtilis. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be oxidized to form 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, which is the intermediate in the synthesis of antilipoltic agent. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine is a volatile compound that can give a roasted peanut flavor .
Isopteropodine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isopteropodine (HY-N4157). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Flindersine is an alkaloid with multiple activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties. Flindersine increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, restores the levels of renal biomarkers, and reduces blood glucose, blood lipid, and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Flindersine inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria, as well as dermatophytes, filamentous fungi, and yeasts. Flindersine reduces the viability of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Flindersine can be used in research related to breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, bacterial infections, and fungal infections .
Micronomicin sulfate (Gentamicin C2b sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Micromonospora. Micronomicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic close to the gentamicin-type antibiotics, exhibits a high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc (MIC=0.001-8.3 μg/ml) .
Cellooctaose is an oligosaccharide, consisting of eight glucose residues. Cellooctaose is a low-cost polysaccharides in fermentation to hold on Lactococcus lactis recombinant strain growth. Cellooctaose is the substrate of beta-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) .
H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH (H-γ-Glu-Met-OH; γ-Glu-Met) is a DPP-IV inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.11 mM. H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH binds to DPP-IV’s active site to block substrate binding. H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
Pullulanase (R-enzyme) is a key starch debranching enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides such as amylopectin and pullulan, facilitating the efficient degradation of starch into fermentable sugars .
Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .
Acid blue 9 diammonium is a triarylmethane dye and inducer. Acid blue 9 diammonium induces chromosomal aberrations in onion root tip meristematic cells. Acid blue 9 diammonium exhibits cytogenetic toxicity to onion root tip meristematic cells .
Petalostemumol G is a flavonol derivative present in Petalostemum purpureum. Petalostemum G has no antibacterial activity. Petalostemumol G is formed by air oxidation of petalostemumol .
RADA is a fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) with high photostability and thermostability, which emits yellow-to-orange fluorescence. RADA shows low outer membrane permeability in wild-type Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but it targets penicillin-binding proteins and L,D-transpeptidases, mimics the interaction between acyl acceptors and enzyme intermediates, and integrates into peptidoglycan during biosynthesis. As a peptidoglycan labeling reagent, RADA metabolically integrates into the nascent peptidoglycan of live bacterial cells, labels the peptidoglycan at the poles and lateral walls of mycobacteria, and enables visualization of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling processes. RADA serves as a non-specific stain for fixed cells, is non-toxic to bacterial cells, and its red-shifted excitation/emission spectra reduce phototoxicity. RADA also supports virtual pulse-chase labeling experiments and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of bacterial cell walls .
L-Isoleucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Isoleucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro .
(9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a nature product that could be isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cassonia barteri (Araliaceae) leaves. (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol has antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, moiluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata . (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Chorismic acid is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and vitamins, as well as a key metabolite in tRNA modification. Chorismic acid is a critical metabolite for the synthesis of cmo 5U. Deficiency of Chorismic acid inhibits the formation of cmo 5U and mcmo 5U. Chorismic acid can be used in studies of S. typhimurium and E. coli infections .\n
Kaempferol-3-O-a-L-(3'',4''-di-Z-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside is a 3-O-(coumaroyl-rhamnopyranosyl)-flavonol compound found in the leaf extract of Machilus philippinense Merr. .
TXA707 is an FtsZ-targeting antibacterial agent. TXA707 disrupts bacterial septum formation, induces cell enlargement, causes penicillin-binding protein mislocalization, and triggers cell lysis in Staphylococcus aureus cells. TXA707 can be used for the research of Staphylococcus aureus infections .
Benzylideneacetone (Benzalacetone) is an orally active antibiotic, tyrosinase inhibitor, phospholipase A2 inhibitor, and immunosuppressant. Benzylideneacetone has antibacterial activity against some gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria. Benzylideneacetone can also be used in the synthesis of chemicals and drugs, and as a flavoring additive for some foods .
RMR-Tre is a fluorescent probe targeting the mycobacterial acyltransferase Ag85. Under the catalysis of Ag85, RMR-Tre undergoes 6-position mycoloylation and anchors to the mycobacterial membrane, while achieving fluorescence activation by inhibiting the intramolecular twisted charge transfer state transition. RMR-Tre can distinguish live mycobacteria from dead ones through metabolism-driven labeling, enabling rapid, wash-free, low-background detection of viable bacteria. RMR-Tre reports the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the trehalose catalytic shift activity readout associated with TreS. In addition, RMR-Tre can be combined with flow cytometry or high-content imaging techniques to visualize and quantitatively analyze the metabolic heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to persistence and drug resistance. RMR-Tre is widely used in tuberculosis-related research .
Tannase is a tannin acyl hydrolase. Tannase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in gallotannins, complex tannins and gallic acid esters to release gallic acid. Tannase plays a role in industrial production, including the manufacture of instant tea, beer, fruit juice, some wines, and the production of gallic acid .
1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane is an indole alkaloid. It is isolated from North Sea bacteria closely related to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane shows no activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi .
3-Hydroxyproline is a non-glycosyl microbial α-glucosidase inhibitor. 3-Hydroxyproline is used in the research of diabetes (type 2 diabetes/non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) .
Koninginin D is a potent antifungal agent that can be isolated from fungi including Trichoderma applanatum. Koninginin D inhibits growth of various fungal species including Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and so on. Koninginin D can be used for the research of fungal infection .
3-Ethoxybenzamide is an alkoxybenzamide compound with antibacterial activity and a FtsZ inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. 3-Ethoxybenzamide distributes widely and rapidly in vivo, rapidly reaches equilibrium between various tissues and blood, and is linearly taken up by hepatocytes. 3-Ethoxybenzamide is completely dependent on hepatic microsomal oxidation for clearance, with salicylamide as its major metabolite. 3-Ethoxybenzamide can be used for the study of bacterial infections .
Saquayamycin D is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Streptomyces nodosus culture broth. Saquayamycin D exhibits antibacterial activity against various gram-positive bacteria with MIC of 12.5-50 μg/mL. Saquayamycin D inhibits the proliferation of Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-sensitive P388/S and Doxorubicin-resistant P388/ADR with IC50 of 0.15 and 0.15 μg/mL .
UCM05 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lysipressin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. UCM05 (G28UCM) is a fatty acid synthase (FASN) and filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Ftsz) inhibitor. UCM05 inhibits fatty acid synthesis, viral replication, and Gram-positive bacterial growth. UCM05 binds to FtsZ GTP-binding sites, inhibits GTPase activity, and disrupts Z-ring localization. UCM05 can be used for the research of HSV-1/2 infection, HIV-1 infection, and Gram-positive bacterial infections [1][2][3].
UCM05 (G28UCM) is a fatty acid synthase (FASN) and filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Ftsz) inhibitor. UCM05 inhibits fatty acid synthesis, viral replication, and Gram-positive bacterial growth. UCM05 binds to FtsZ GTP-binding sites, inhibits GTPase activity, and disrupts Z-ring localization. UCM05 can be used for the research of HSV-1/2 infection, HIV-1 infection, and Gram-positive bacterial infections[1][2][3].
Siccayne, found in the marine basidiomycete Halocyphina villosa and deuteromycete Helminthosporium siccans, is an antibiotic. Siccayne interferes with nucleotide incorporation into DNA and RNA, precursor transport enzymatic reactions, and essential macromolecule synthesis. Siccayne inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Siccayne can be used for research on infections caused by bacteria and fungi .
MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride (A22 hydrochloride) is a reversible MreB inhibitor and antimicrobial agent that exhibits bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, with low activity against Gram-positive bacteria. MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride rapidly and reversally delocalizes MreB from the helical/circular structures in cells, impairs MreB function, and reduces the binding of MreB to the chromosomal region proximal to the replication origin. MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride alters the cell morphology of caulobacters to round/lemon-shaped, slows caulobacter growth, blocks their cell division, and induces the formation of spherical morphology, asymmetric division, and anucleate cells in Escherichia coli. MreB Perturbing Compound A22 hydrochloride is used for studies related to bacterial rod-shaped morphology determination, chromosome segregation, and cell division mechanisms .
IPG-4 (Ion potassium green-4) TMA is an extracellular potassium ion fluorescence indicator with an Ex/Em ratio of 525/545 nm. IPG-4 TMA can be used for real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis of the transport of the biological electrochemical ion pump K⁺ .
(E)-Ferulic acid acyl-β-D-glucoside ((E)-Ferulic acid glucoside) (compoun 4C) is an acyl-β-D-glucoside that can be isolated from Riesling Wine. (E)-Ferulic acid acyl-β-D-glucoside exhibits antioxidant activity .
ε-Poly-L-lysine (Epsilon-polylysine; ε-Polylysine) hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is a polycationic antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts and specific bacteriophages. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exerts bactericidal effects through mechanisms such as disrupting microbial membranes, inducing ROS production, inhibiting metabolism and spore germination. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) also regulates the expression of multiple key genes including sodA, oxyR and recA. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exhibits properties such as low eukaryotic cytotoxicity, thermal stability and pH stability, and supports tissue regeneration and anti-tumor applications. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) can be applied in research fields including bacterial and fungal infections, diabetic ulcers, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections .
Sulfamethoxypyridazine is an orally active and brain-penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic. Sulfamethoxypyridazine exhibits antibacterial activity and inhibits growth of susceptible bacterial strains. Sulfamethoxypyridazine can be used for the research of pyelonephritis, urinary tract infections, and dermatitis herpetiformis .
Sucrose monolaurate is a glycolipid surfactant . Sucrose monolaurate interacts with bacterial DNA, disrupts cell membrane permeability, and exerts excellent inhibitory and bactericidal effects against a variety of foodborne pathogens (especially Gram-positive bacteria). Sucrose monolaurate significantly reduces liquid surface tension, and acts as a synergist for chlorine-based disinfectants in food cleaning and disinfection to improve the removal efficiency of pathogens on the surface of agricultural products .
Desaspidin is an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and photophosphorylation inhibitor. Desaspidin uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, multiple chloroplast photophosphorylation pathways, and ATP synthesis linked to non-cyclic NADP reduction. Desaspidin can be used for the research of anthelmintic agent .
Suc-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA (Suc-FAAF-pNA) is a chromogenic polypeptide substrate that can be used for the quantitative activity assay of intracellular subtilisin (ISP) and neutral metalloprotease (NPS) derived from Saccharomonospora canescens. Suc-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA is hydrolyzed by the catalytic triad of mature proteases to release the chromophore pNA. Suc-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA is applicable to enzymological studies .
IP6C is a specific inhibitor and phage sensitizer targeting type II Thoeris systems. IP6C competitively binds to histidine in the catalytic pocket of ThsB, blocks the production of the His-ADPR alarm signal and inhibits ThsA activation, thereby relieving bacterial stasis of phage replication. IP6C selectively resensitizes drug-resistant bacteria carrying type II Thoeris systems (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to phage lysis, without affecting other bacteria, and shows no toxicity to mice and human cell lines. IP6C significantly improves the survival rate of infected mice, and can be used to overcome bacterial phage defense mechanisms and study Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections . Thoeris system: (named after the Egyptian goddess of fertility and protection), is a widespread anti-phage immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. Thoeris system belongs to the "Abortion Infection (Abi)" mechanism of bacteria: when an individual bacterium detects phage invasion, it initiates a suicide program and dies, thereby blocking phage replication and spread, and protecting the surrounding bacterial population from infection.
Roseoside is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase and HAV 3C protease, and also inhibits HCV NS5A/B replicase in human systems with an IC50 of 20 μM. Roseoside binds to the active site of enzymes and stabilizes the interaction by forming hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues. Roseoside inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans, and interferes with HCV RNA replicationin vitro by inhibiting HCV NS5A/B replicase (IC50=20 μM). Roseoside shows no cytotoxicity and serves as a research tool for studies related to bacterial infections, candidiasis, HAV and HCV .
Mal-Deferoxamine is a maleimide-functionalized trihydroxamate siderophore derivative that can be isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. Mal-Deferoxamine possesses highly specific Fe (III) chelating ability, and the stability of complexes formed between it and non-Fe (III) metal ions is significantly lower. Mal-Deferoxamine exhibits growth inhibitory effects against Gram-positive bacteria, but shows no obvious inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC>50 μM). Mal-Deferoxamine is mainly suitable for scientific research in hematology and related fields .
Sulfamerazine (RP2632) sodium is a brain-penetrant and orally active sulfonamide antibiotic and α-synuclein inhibitor with human α-synuclein KD of 352 μM. Sulfamerazine sodium inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolate by bacteria, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth. Sulfamerazine sodium inhibits α-synuclein fibrillation, reduces α-synuclein aggregation-associated toxicity and α-synuclein aggregate accumulation. Sulfamerazine sodium can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease and bacterial infection .
sCy5DA is a is a fluorescent D-amino acid . sCy5DA incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan layers and cross-links via transpeptidase action, replacing peptidoglycan stem peptide D-amino acids. sCy5DA labels live bacterial cell walls, nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis sites, and diverse bacterial species including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and mycobacteria (Ex/Em = 646/665 nm) .
Antifungal agent 158 is an α-pyrone derivative that can be found in Trichoderma harzianum, exhibiting antifungal activity against select plant-pathogenic fungi, including Chaetomium spp., Curvularia lunata, and Aspergillus flavus. Antifungal agent 158 is non-toxic to greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants. Antifungal agent 158 can be used for research on Aspergillus flavus infection .
Trioxacarcin B (TXN-B) is a potent cytotoxic agent and DNA-targeted inhibitor. Trioxacarcin B disrupts DNA function and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Trioxacarcin B not only effectively inhibits the growth of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Plasmodium falciparum, but also blocks the colony formation of cancer stem cells, significantly reduces tumor volume and prolongs survival in preclinical in vivo models. The activity of Trioxacarcin B is highly dependent on its intact spiro-epoxide structure; it loses efficacy once this moiety undergoes hydrolysis, and Trioxacarcin B shows no activity against fungi, microalgae and small RNA viruses. Trioxacarcin B can be used for research on bacterial infections, malaria, and various cancers including colon cancer and melanoma .
Ambigol C is an ambigol, Antibacterial agent and Antimalarial agent. Ambigol C is isolated from Fischerella ambigua 108b. Ambigol C exhibits selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains (including MRSA) with MIC values of 0.98-3.91 μg/mL. Ambigol C also shows potent antibacterial activity against B. megaterium, and possesses weak antimalarial and trypanocidal effects. Ambigol C can be used in the research of bacterial infections, plasmodial infections and trypanosomal infections .
Fenaminosulf is a plant immune modulator and mutagen. Fenaminosulf impairs plant immune recognition and signal transduction by inhibiting the activities of key kinases such as Xa21 and PBL19, thereby regulating the expression of genes related to hormone metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interactions. Fenaminosulf affects the growth and gall formation of Zizania latifolia in a concentration-dependent manner. Fenaminosulf induces mutations in bacterial systems and causes plant chromosome aberrations, but shows no mutagenic activity or lethal effect in Drosophila melanogaster. Fenaminosulf exhibits inconsistent carcinogenicity in rat studies .
Moenomycin complex is a class of antibacterial agents and PBP inhibitors, with Kd values ranging from 94 nM to 1690 nM against various bacterial PBPs. Moenomycin complex inhibits bacterial growth by blocking the transglycosylase activity of class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Moenomycin complex is used in the research of bacterial infections .
MA220607 is a FtsZ protein inhibitor with activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MA220607 inhibits bacterial growth and shows low bacterial resistance frequency. MA220607 increases bacterial membrane permeability and alters proton gradients. MA220607 blocks the formation of bacterial biofilms. MA220607 can be used in studies of bacterial infections .
RWJ-49815 is a histidine kinase inhibitor. RWJ-49815 inhibits the autokinase activity of purified GST-Sln1 and the autophosphorylation of KinA in vitro. RWJ-49815 acts as a fungal growth inhibitor . RWJ-49815 serves as a bactericide against Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. RWJ-49815 is applicable to research related to fungal infections and Gram-positive bacterial infections .
Xanthobaccin A is a potent antibiotic that can be isolated from the culture fluid of Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SB-K88. Xanthobaccin A exhibits activity against fungi and G+ bacteria, induces zoospore immobilization and lysis, inhibits mycelial growth. Xanthobaccin A can be used for the research of beet damping-off disease, bacterial and fungal infection .
TP-S1-68 (Compound 10) is a TIE-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.65 μM. TP-S1-68 exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of fungal and bacteria. TP-S1-68 serves as a starting compound for the further development of TIE-2 inhibitors. TP-S1-68 can be used in research related to solid tumors, bacterial infections and fungal infections .
Andrimid is a peptide Antibiotic and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. Andrimid is produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus *Enterobacter* residing in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Andrimid exhibits strong specific activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Andrimid shows no or only weak activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most plant pathogenic bacteria. Andrimid can be used in studies related to bacterial infections and rice bacterial blight .
Dehydrozingerone is a ginger-derived component and cyclin D1 inhibitor that downregulates cyclin D1 expression and induces cell cycle G1 phase arrest. Dehydrozingerone reduces the proliferative capacity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells under in vitro conditions. Dehydrozingerone reduces subcutaneous tumor growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Dehydrozingerone exerts antibacterial and antifungal activities via its α,β-unsaturated carbonyl conjugated system. Dehydrozingerone can be used in studies related to castration-resistant prostate cancer, bacterial infections, and food spoilage fungal infections .
Ristomycin sulfate is an antibacterial antibiotic and platelet aggregation inducer. Ristomycin sulfate interacts with the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of bacterial cell wall precursors to regulate bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ristomycin sulfate induces platelet aggregation in vitro and inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Ristomycin sulfate serves as an in vitro diagnostic compound for detecting von Willebrand factor activity. Ristomycin sulfate is applicable to research related to von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome .
Negundoside is an iridoid glycoside compound. Negundoside exhibits hepatoprotective effects, reduces ROS, lipid peroxidation and intracellular calcium ion levels, and prevents the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis (apoptosis). Negundoside has neuroprotective effects, improves behavioral deficits, alleviates oxidative damage, and ameliorates cerebral infarction. Negundoside also possesses antibacterial and antiparasitic activities .
Cajanol is an isoflavanone that can be isolated from the roots of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. . Cajanol inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis. Cajanol promotes the expression of Bax, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, activates caspase-9 and caspase-3, induces PARP cleavage, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, generates ROS, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and triggers cytochrome c release. Cajanol induces bacterial DNA damage, disrupts bacterial cell membranes, and exerts antibacterial activity in vitro. Cajanol reduces the expression of PI3K, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB, downregulates the expression and transport function of P-gp, restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to Paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of Paclitaxel-resistant metastatic ovarian tumors. Cajanol is applicable to research related to breast cancer, ovarian cancer and bacterial infections .
Tuberactinomycin-O is a peptide antibiotic belonging to the tuberactinomycin family. Tuberactinomycin-O inhibits the growth of various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium ATCC 607. Tuberactinomycin-O exhibits acute toxicity in male mice when administered intravenously. Tuberactinomycin-O can be used in the research of tuberculosis .
Nifurpipone is an orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. Nifurpipone acts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and reduces bacterial loads in systemic, intramuscular and urinary tract infections in mouse models. Nifurpipone can be used in studies related to bacterial infections .
GKL003 is a bacterial transcription inhibitor that targets the RNAP-σ interaction interface, with a Ki of 5.79 nM. GKL003 specifically binds to the RNAP β' clamp helix region at the σ A factor binding site, blocks the formation of RNAP holoenzyme, and inhibits the formation of bacterial transcription initiation complexes. GKL003 inhibits the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, and also exhibits activity against drug-resistant strains .
Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is a potent antifungal inhibitor of chitin synthesis. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is potently antifungal against human pathogenic Candida species (IC50 = 1-2 μM). Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is detected in feijoa cultivars with high antifungal bioactivity. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione can be used for the research of fungal infections .
Bacteria-derived natural products have long been recognized as an important resource for innovative drug discovery due to their remarkable structural diversity and broad spectrum of biological activities. Microorganisms such as actinomycetes, Bacillus species, and marine bacteria can produce a wide range of small molecules with unique chemical scaffolds, showing extensive application potential in anti-infective, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and metabolic disease research. Many classic drugs, including Streptomycin, Tetracycline, and Doxorubicin, are derived from bacteria-related natural products.
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide) dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
sCy5DL-amide is an amidated fluorescent D-amino acid conjugated to Sulfo-Cyanine 5, and a peptidoglycan labeling agent. sCy5DL-amide incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall via transpeptidase-mediated reactions, replacing the fourth or fifth D-amino acid of the peptidoglycan stem peptide for visualization of nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis. sCy5DL-amide produces clear cell outline, septum labeling, and high localization density in Bacillus subtilis, including a 'V-shape' pattern at cell-cell contact areas. sCy5DL-amide exhibits robust incorporation into Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, with reduced incorporation into Gram-negative bacteria (Ex/Em = 646/666 nm) .
CDG-DNB3 is a selective fluorescent probe for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CDG-DNB3 provides rapid and specific labeling of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CDG-DNB3 can image Bacillus Calmette-Guérin phagocytosis in real time .
Acid blue 9 diammonium is a triarylmethane dye and inducer. Acid blue 9 diammonium induces chromosomal aberrations in onion root tip meristematic cells. Acid blue 9 diammonium exhibits cytogenetic toxicity to onion root tip meristematic cells .
RADA is a fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) with high photostability and thermostability, which emits yellow-to-orange fluorescence. RADA shows low outer membrane permeability in wild-type Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but it targets penicillin-binding proteins and L,D-transpeptidases, mimics the interaction between acyl acceptors and enzyme intermediates, and integrates into peptidoglycan during biosynthesis. As a peptidoglycan labeling reagent, RADA metabolically integrates into the nascent peptidoglycan of live bacterial cells, labels the peptidoglycan at the poles and lateral walls of mycobacteria, and enables visualization of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling processes. RADA serves as a non-specific stain for fixed cells, is non-toxic to bacterial cells, and its red-shifted excitation/emission spectra reduce phototoxicity. RADA also supports virtual pulse-chase labeling experiments and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of bacterial cell walls .
RMR-Tre is a fluorescent probe targeting the mycobacterial acyltransferase Ag85. Under the catalysis of Ag85, RMR-Tre undergoes 6-position mycoloylation and anchors to the mycobacterial membrane, while achieving fluorescence activation by inhibiting the intramolecular twisted charge transfer state transition. RMR-Tre can distinguish live mycobacteria from dead ones through metabolism-driven labeling, enabling rapid, wash-free, low-background detection of viable bacteria. RMR-Tre reports the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the trehalose catalytic shift activity readout associated with TreS. In addition, RMR-Tre can be combined with flow cytometry or high-content imaging techniques to visualize and quantitatively analyze the metabolic heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to persistence and drug resistance. RMR-Tre is widely used in tuberculosis-related research .
sCy5DA is a is a fluorescent D-amino acid . sCy5DA incorporates into bacterial peptidoglycan layers and cross-links via transpeptidase action, replacing peptidoglycan stem peptide D-amino acids. sCy5DA labels live bacterial cell walls, nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis sites, and diverse bacterial species including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and mycobacteria (Ex/Em = 646/665 nm) .
ε-Poly-L-lysine (Epsilon-polylysine; ε-Polylysine) hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is a polycationic antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts and specific bacteriophages. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exerts bactericidal effects through mechanisms such as disrupting microbial membranes, inducing ROS production, inhibiting metabolism and spore germination. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) also regulates the expression of multiple key genes including sodA, oxyR and recA. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exhibits properties such as low eukaryotic cytotoxicity, thermal stability and pH stability, and supports tissue regeneration and anti-tumor applications. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) can be applied in research fields including bacterial and fungal infections, diabetic ulcers, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections .
Sucrose monolaurate is a glycolipid surfactant . Sucrose monolaurate interacts with bacterial DNA, disrupts cell membrane permeability, and exerts excellent inhibitory and bactericidal effects against a variety of foodborne pathogens (especially Gram-positive bacteria). Sucrose monolaurate significantly reduces liquid surface tension, and acts as a synergist for chlorine-based disinfectants in food cleaning and disinfection to improve the removal efficiency of pathogens on the surface of agricultural products .
p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside (PNP α-L-Fuc) is a specific substrate of Pecten maximus α-L-fucosidase, with a Km value of 650 µM. p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside serves as a substrate for ClAgl29A and ClAgl29B. Enzymatic hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside releases p-nitrophenol and α-L-fucose, where the latter undergoes mutarotation over time to form β-L-fucose. p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside is not the preferred substrate for ClAgl29A and ClAgl29B .
5-Bromoindolin-2-one (5-Bromooxindole) is a synthetic intermediate. 5-Bromoindolin-2-one can be used for the synthesis of CDK2 inhibitors and antibacterial agents .
2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) is a crucial precursor in the industrial production of vitamin C. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid inhibits the growth of Bacillus pumilus and Ketogulonicigenium vulgare .
Casein Agar can be used for casein decomposition test of Bacilluscereus. The composition of 1 liter of Casein Agar contains contains: 10.0 g casein, 3.0 g beef infusion powder, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 2.0 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 15.0 g agar .
Mycobacterium bovis bacterial protein is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis bacterial protein causes tuberculosis in bovines .
Deoxyribonucleic acid, single stranded from salmon testes is a sodium salt of deoxyribonucleic acid from salmon testes that has been used in basal media for the anaerobic growth of several strains of Bacillus mojavei. Deoxyribonucleic acid, single stranded from salmon testes can also be used as a substrate for the development of DNA detection assays .
4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine (L-PCPA) is a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor targeting TPH1 and TPH2, with the activity of blocking serotonin biosynthesis. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine reduces the levels of serotonin and its metabolites in the brain without impairing the survival of serotonergic neurons. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine enhances anhedonic, depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors in mice with depleted noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine acts as a decarboxylation substrate for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase from Bacillus atrophaeus. 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine can be used in studies related to Parkinson's disease .
γ-Glu-Phe is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide) dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA dihydrochloride binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg is a synthetic polypeptide substrate. Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg can be used to detect the collagenase-like activity of enzymes from various sources, such as Bacillus sp. AH-101 .
Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) is an antibiotic, and shows antimicrobial activity. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can inhibit A. baumannii, as well as Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus. Cyclo(L-Trp-L-Trp) can be used in microbial infection research .
Plipastatin A1 (Fengycin IX; SNA-60-367-3) is a lipopeptide with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Plipastatin A1 inhibits conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and reduces the incidence of gray mold on tomato leaves. Plipastatin A1 is applicable to research related to gray mold [1][2].
Bacitracin A is an antibiotic, which exhibits antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. Bacitracin A forms complex with long-chain polyisoprenyl pyrophosphates in presence of metal ions, dephosphorylates the lipid carrier intermediate Css-bactoprenyl pyrophosphate, inhibits thus the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacilluscereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
RW3 (MP196) is a small cationic antimicrobial hexapeptide. RW3 targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 exhibits high bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis 168 (MIC of 2 µg/mL). RW3 causes shrinking of murine erythrocytes. RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal research .
H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH (H-γ-Glu-Met-OH; γ-Glu-Met) is a DPP-IV inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.11 mM. H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH binds to DPP-IV’s active site to block substrate binding. H-Glu(Met-OH)-OH can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
Suc-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA (Suc-FAAF-pNA) is a chromogenic polypeptide substrate that can be used for the quantitative activity assay of intracellular subtilisin (ISP) and neutral metalloprotease (NPS) derived from Saccharomonospora canescens. Suc-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA is hydrolyzed by the catalytic triad of mature proteases to release the chromophore pNA. Suc-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA is applicable to enzymological studies .
Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg TFA is a synthetic polypeptide substrate. Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg TFA can be used to detect the collagenase-like activity of enzymes from various sources, such as Bacillus sp. AH-101 .
Cyclo(IP) (Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Ile)), a Diketopiperazine can be derived From Bacillus thuringiensis JCK-1233, results in suppression of PWD severity and increased the expression of defense-related genes similarly to Bacillus thuringiensis JCK-1233 treatment .
Ceftezole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ceftezole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ceftezole sodium (CTZ sodium) is a broad-spectrum cephem antibiotic against many species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftezole sodium (CTZ sodium) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with in vivo anti-diabetic activity .
Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research .
G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is an antimicrobial peptide. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 has low toxicity to primary cells and mice, and G(IIKK)3I-NH2 is not easy to induce bacterial resistance. G(IIKK)3I-NH2 can be used in the research of anti-infection agents .
Salivaricin B is a broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus salivarius M7, capable of inhibiting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Bacilluscereus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterococcus faecalis, and various lactobacilli .
Gageotetrin C is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin C is more active against fungi (MIC value is 0.02-0.04 μM) .
Bombinin H7 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina. Bombinin H7 is active against Bacillus megaterium Bm11 with a lethal concentration of 25.2 μM .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
γ-Glu-Phe TFA (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine TFA) is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe TFA or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
Gageotetrin A is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin A has antifungal activity, but none toxic to numerous human cancer cells .
Maximin H4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H4 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 12, 6, 12, 6 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H2 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H2 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 2, 4, 2 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H3 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 10, 20, 5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H1 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H1 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 9, 4.5, 9, 4.5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
L-Isoleucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Isoleucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro .
Latarcin 2a is a linear cationic antibacterial peptide that can be isolated from the venom of the spider Lachesana tarabaevi, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Latarcin 2a has a MIC of 0.5 μM for both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Latarcin 2a is often used in the research of infectious conditions .
Surfactin C2 is a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis A18 with antifungal activity. Surfactin C2 acts against Heterobasidion annosum and Heterobasidion parviporum. Surfactin C2 exerts its activity mainly through membrane‑active effects to disrupt fungal cell structures and inhibit mycelial growth. Surfactin C2 can be used for the research of butt rot and root rot of conifers .
D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate (S-2251 acetate) is a chromogenic peptide substrate that serves as a characteristic substrate for plasmin and plasminogen. D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate acts as a sensitive substrate for the DFE27 serine protease derived from Bacillus subtilis DC27. Catalyzed by plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA acetate binds and hydrolyzes to release p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be detected colorimetrically at 405 nm as a measure of fibrinolytic activity .
Bst DNA Polymerase is derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus and has 5'→3' DNA polymerase activity and double-stranded specific 5'→3' exonuclease activity.
Bst DNA Polymerase large fragment is a part of Bacillus stearothermophilus DNA polymerase, which is derived from E. coli strain. It is expressed in E. coli and purified and isolated multiple times.
Polymixin B is a mixture of B1 and B2 polypeptides obtained from different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, with antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. It can bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane by inducing large pores to allow nucleotide leakage in bacterial walls. This disrupts the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane.
MCE ECM Gentle Dissociation Solution is a gentle ECM-degrading enzyme mixture derived from marine bacteria and Bacillus species, specifically formulated for efficient and low-damage digestion of in-vitro cell systems. It selectively degrades extracellular matrix components while minimizing disruption to the cell membrane and intercellular junctions, thereby significantly reducing mechanical stress during dissociation.
MCE ECM Gentle Dissociation Solution is a gentle ECM-degrading enzyme mixture derived from marine bacteria and Bacillus species, specifically formulated for efficient and low-damage digestion of in-vitro cell systems. It selectively degrades extracellular matrix components while minimizing disruption to the cell membrane and intercellular junctions, thereby significantly reducing mechanical stress during dissociation. This product is compatible with a wide range of cell types, including stem cell colonies, primary cells, neural cells, and organoids, and is particularly well suited for gentle yet effective dissociation of brain organoids and other complex 3D structures.
Raxibacumab (ABthrax) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). Raxibacumab blocks the toxin’s deleterious effects by preventing binding of the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxin to its receptors in host cells, thereby blocking the toxin’s deleterious effects. Raxibacumab can be used for anti-anthrax research .
1-Eicosanol (Arachidyl alcohol) is a long-chain fatty alcohol and volatile organic compound that can be isolated from the leaves of Leea indica and produced by Bacillus velezensis ZJ1. 1-Eicosanol inhibits mycelial growth of Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. 1-Eicosanol is applicable to research related to tomato early blight and tomato gray mold .
γ-Glu-Phe is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial agent with high affinity for Fe 3+, found mainly in Bacillus and yeast. Pulcherriminic acid chelates iron ions through a non-enzymatic reaction to form the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin, which competes for iron nutrition and thus achieves an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid has great applications in food, agriculture and medical industries .
D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research .
3-Methoxybenzoic acid (3-Anisic acid; NSC 27014; m-Methoxybenzoic acid) is a substituted benzoic acid and precursor for synthesis of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus spp .
Rhodomyrtone is an antibiotic that can be found in the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Rhodomyrtone kills Gram-positive bacterial cells without causing bacteriolysis. Rhodomyrtone exhibits activity against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacilluscereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus salivarius. Rhodomyrtone is applicable to studies related to bacterial infections .
Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
Carvacrol methyl ether is a carvacrol derivative isolated from plant essential oils. Carvacrol methyl ether essentially lost its antibacterial activity, exhibiting only a weak inhibitory effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the highest tested concentration of 3 g/L .
N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent .
Fraxidin is a class of coumarin isolated from the roots of Jatropha podagrica, exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 12 mm at a concentration of 20 µg/disk .
(R)-Mucronulatol is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Astragalus adsurgens. (R)-Mucronulatol shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus subtili, with MICs of 15.5, 15.5, 7.8, 7.8, 15.5 μg/mL respectively .
Eremomycin (MM 45289) is a potent glycopeptide antibiotic closely related to Vancomycin (HY-B0671). Eremomycin shows antibacterial activity in Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, with the MIC values of 0.03-1.6 μg/mL .
Nonanal (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nonanal. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with antidiarrhoeal activity .
Macatrichocarpin A is a flavanone with anti-bacterial activity. Macatrichocarpin A inhibits Bacillus subtilis with MIC value of 26.5 μM. Macatrichocarpin A can be isolated from the leaves of Macaranga trichocarpa .
Monocerin is an isocoumarin derivative. Monocerin is isolated from Microdochium bolleyi, an endophytic fungus from Fagonia cretica. Monocerin shows good antifungal, antibacterial, and antialgal activities against Microbotryum violaceum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, and Chlorella fusca .
Filiformin ((-)-Filiformin) is a sesquiterpene compound that can be isolated from Laurencia filiformis forma heteroclada. Filiformin exhibits certain cytotoxicity against P388 and BSC-1 cells. Filiformin has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. In addition, Filiformin can inhibit oxygen uptake in isolated rat liver mitochondria at a concentration of 150 μM .
4-Ethoxyphenol is a natural compound isolated from marine gorgonian-associated bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCSIO 00856. 4-Ethoxyphenol shows potent antilarval activity towards Bacillus amphitrite larvae with an EC50 value of 24.1 μg/mL .
Polymyxin A1 is a heteropeptide antibiotic found in different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, and its effect against Gram-negative bacteria is greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria .
Anhydroerythromycin A is a degradation product of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Anhydroerythromycin A is formed via degradation of erythromycin in acidic aqueous solutions in vitro as well as in vivo. Anhydroerythromycin A is active against S. aureus and B. cereus in vitro (MICs = 12.5 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively). Anhydroerythromycin A also inhibits steroid 6β-hydroxylase activity associated with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A in human liver microsomes.
Ophiobolin H is a fungal metabolite that can be isolated from Aspergillus ustus. Ophiobolin H inhibits growth of Bacillus subtilis cultures. Ophiobolin H induces hyperacusia in day-old chicks at rates up to 375 mg/kg .
Leuhistin is an AP-M (aminopeptidase-M) inhibitor. AP-M is an inactivating enzyme of bioactive peptides in cerebral
membranes. Leuhistin can be produced by Bacillus laterosporus BMI156-14F1 .
Bipolaricin R (Compound 6) is a compound that can be isolated from Bipolaris maydis. Bipolaricin R exhibits noticeable antimicrobial ability against Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bipolaricin R has excellent antiproliferation and apoptosis induction effects against A549 cell line .
Penicolinate B is a picolinic acid derivative that can be isolated from Penicillium sp. Penicolinate B exhibits antimalarial activity (IC50: 1.40 μg/mL), antitubercular activity (MIC: 25.0 μg/mL), activity against Bacilluscereus (IC50: 25.0 μg/mL), and activity against Candida albicans (IC50: 1.45 μg/mL). Penicolinate B also has certain cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as MCF-7, KB, and NCI-H187. Penicolinate B can be used in research on malaria, tuberculosis, bacterial/fungal infections and tumors .
1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole (Compound 19) is a carbazole alkaloid that can be isolated from Murraya koenigii. 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 . 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole has IC50 values of 10.9 μM and 95 μM for Bacilluscereus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. 1-Prenyl-2-methoxy-6-formyl-8-hydroxy-9H-carbazole can be used in the research of inflammatory and infectious diseases .
Asperglaucin A represents an unusual phthalide-like derivative. Asperglaucin A exhibits potent antibacterial activities against two plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidae (Psa) and Bacilluscereus, with an MIC value of 6.25 μM .
Asperglaucin B is an alkylated salicylaldehyde derivative from the fungus Aspergillus chevalieri SQ-8, with antibacterial activities. Asperglaucin B displays potent antibacterial activities against two plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidae (Psa) and Bacilluscereus, with an MIC value of 6.25 μM .
Altersolanol A (Stemphylin; NSC 173943) exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC of 25-100 μg/mL. Altersolanol A exhibits no phytotoxicity to Taxus (at dose of 4 μg/μL) .
Massarigenin C is a compound that can be isolated from Massarina tunicata. Massarigenin C has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) .
Leucinostatin H is a polypeptide antibiotic discovered in Paecilomyces marquandii, characterized by a tertiary amine-oxide terminal group. Leucinostatin H exhibits inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 10-100 μg/mL). Leucinostatin H holds potential for research in anti-infective and plant disease control applications .
Galbinic acid (α-Acetylsalazinic acid), a lichen acid, shows antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MICs=62.5, 62.5, 250 μg/ml, respectively). Galbinic acid inhibits the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli (MIC=125 μg/ml) .
Talaroderxine D (compound 4) has biofilm inhibitory effect. Talaroderxine D shows antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 2.1 and 8.3 μg/mL .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Lantic acid is a triterpenoid compound possessing antimicrobial activity. Lantic acid exhibits inhibitory effects on a broad range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with particular potency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Lantic acid is utilized in the research and development of antimicrobial agents .
γ-Glu-Phe TFA (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine TFA) is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe TFA or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
Bactobolin (Compound 1) is an antibiotic, which inhibits Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 0.3-6.25 μg/mL. Bactobolin exhibits antitumor efficacy against leukemia, with a LD50 value of 6.25-12.5 mg/kg .
Kumbicin C is a bis-indolyl benzenoid compound from an Australian soil fungus, Aspergillus kumbius. Kumbicin C inhibits the growth of mouse myeloma cells and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis .
Stromemycin is a stromelysin inhibitor. Stromemycin exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis when used alone. Stromemycin shows a significant increase in antibacterial efficacy when combined with Compound 5. Stromemycin does not possess a significant cell-killing effect on HCT-116 cells .
Rubiginone D2 is an antibiotic, which exhibits antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Rubiginone D2 exhibits antitumor efficacy, inhibits proliferations of cancer cells HM02, Kato III, HepG2 and MCF7, with GI50s of 0.1, 0.7, <0.1 and 7.5 μM, respectively .
Burnettramic acid A is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Aspergillus burnettii. Burnettramic acid A exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities, with IC50 of 0.2, 0.5, 2.3 and 5.9 μg/mL, for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Burnettramic acid A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell NS-1 with IC50 of 13.8 μg/mL .
DC-86-M is an antibiotic, which can be isolated from Streptomyces luteogriseus. DC-86-M exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio anguillarum, and Proteus vulgaris, with MIC <1 μg/mL. DC-86-M exhibits antitumor activity against mouse sarcoma 180 with LD50 of 25 mg/kg .
Gleinadiene is a coumarin that can be isolated from the extracts of leaves of Murraya paniculata. Gleinadiene exhibits weak antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Bacilluscereus.Gleinadiene can be used for the research of bacterial infection .
Pycnophorin significantly inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 25 μM.
Euryachin E is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent found in Eurya chinensis. It exhibits a MIC of 6.25 μg/mL against B. cereus and 0.78 μg/mL against S. aureus. Its IC50 against COVID-19 is 6.41 μM. Euryachin E can be utilized for research in the fields of infection and inflammation .
Musellactone is a lactone that can be isolated from Musella lasiocarpa. Musellactone is an antibiotic, that exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium and Sarcina lutea .
Atrovenetin is an antibiotic found in Penicillium species. Atrovenetin has inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Atrovenetin is also a potent antioxidant.
Bagougeramine A is found in the strain of Bacillus circulans TB-2125. Bagougeramine A has activities against Gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria .
Sclerotioramine (Compound 1), a red pigment, is an antioxidant compound. Sclerotioramine can be isolated from the endolichenic fungus Penicillium sp.-strain 1322P. Sclerotioramine has potent antibacterial activity with MICs of 3.125, 3.125 and 6.25 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Shigella dysentery, respectively. Sclerotioramine also has significant antifungal activity against Pestalotiopsis theae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Exserohilum turcicum .
1,4, 6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-prenylxanthone is an antimicrobial agent that can be isolated from the genus garcinia. 1,4, 6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-prenylxanthone inhibits S. aureus and B. cereus with MIC values of 128 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively .
Nocardicin B is originally isolated from Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsugamanensis ATCC 21806. Nocardicin B only has a weak antibacterial effect on Proteus and axillary bacillus .
Polymyxin D1 is a heteropeptide antibiotic found in different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, and its effect against Gram-negative bacteria is greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria .
Polymyxin A2 is a heteropeptide antibiotic found in different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, and its effect against Gram-negative bacteria is greater than that against Gram-positive bacteria .
Seitomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic. Seitomycin has moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and green Streptomyces chlorophyllus .
Bagougeramine B is an orally active nucleoside antibiotic with antimicrobial activity, which is found in Bacillus circulans. Bagougeramine B inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some fungi .
Polymyxin T1 is an antibiotic found in Bacillus polymyxa E-12. Polymyxin T1 has an effect against Gram-negative bacteria and a weak effect against Gram-positive bacteria .
9-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyphenalen-1-one is a phytoalexin and mixed competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor of Bacillus stearothermophilus (IC50: 3.86 mg/L) .
Pyloricidin A is an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori found in Bacillus sp. HC-70. Pyloricidin A has strong anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pyloricidin A has no activity against other bacteria and yeast .
Aspergillumarin B (Compound 2) is a derivative of dihydroisocoumarin. Aspergillumarin B can be isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.. Aspergillumarin B has a weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis .
Curromycin A has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin A can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
Javanicin is an antibacterial agent with certain antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Javanicin has weak cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line .
Cyclo(Ala-Tyr) is a cyclic dipeptide that can be isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine microorganism Bacillus marinus B-9987 isolated from the rhizosphere tissue of Suaeda salsa in the intertidal zone of Bohai Bay, China .
Curromycin B has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Curromycin B can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inhibit mouse melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 cells .
8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol is a Thymol (HY-N6810) derivative, as well as an antibacterial agent. 8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol can be found in the aerial parts of Ageratina adenophora, with selective activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains including Bacilluscereus. 8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol does not exhibit detectable in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. 8,9-Dehydro-7,9-diisobutyryloxythymol can be used for the research of bacterial infection .
Tunicamycin B is a Tunicamycin (HY-A0098) derivative with antimicrobial activity. Tunicamycin B shows antibacterial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis BT01 and B. thuringiensis W102 (MICs of 0.125 and 0.063 μg/mL, respectively) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 96901 and C. albicans CMCC (F) 98001 (MICs of 8.0 and 4.0 μg/mL, respectively). Tunicamycin B can be used for antimicrobial research .
Pulvinic acid dilactone (Compound 1) is a pulvinic acid derivative and Antibacterial agent. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be isolated from the lichen Candelaria concolor. Pulvinic acid dilactone moderately inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Pulvinic acid dilactone exerts positive inotropic effects. Pulvinic acid dilactone can be used in studies related to Bacillus subtilis infections and leukemia .
Petrobactin is a photoreactive siderophore. Petrobactin can be produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. Petrobactin can be synthesized by Bacillus anthracis str. Sterne under conditions of iron starvation. Petrobactin readily undergoes a light-mediated decarboxylation reaction when bound to Fe(III) .
Tunicamycin X (Tunicamycin 17:1) is a nucleoside Antibiotic. Tunicamycin X is isolated from Streptomyces xinghaiensis SCSIO S15077. Tunicamycin X acts as a growth inhibitor against bacteria and fungi. Tunicamycin X inhibits the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Tunicamycin X inhibits the growth of Candida albicans strains .
N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine is a key metabolic marker in the biosynthesis and maturation of colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine acts as a biomarker for detecting colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine exhibits mild growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 .
Kipukasin B is an antibacterial agent. Kipukasin B exhibits activity against the Gram-positive strain Bacillus subtilis. Kipukasin B is isolated from Aspergillus versicolor obtained from Hawaii. Kipukasin B can be used in the research of Gram-positive bacterial infections .
Xanthoangelol F is a prenylated (geranylated) chalcone and Antibacterial agent. Xanthoangelol F can be isolated from Angelica keiskei. Xanthoangelol F inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus, with an MIC of 64 μg/mL .
S-Methyl thioacetate is a toxicant with fumigant activity, can be found in emissions from Bacillus oshimensis, Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. S-Methyl thioacetate exerts fumigant toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. S-Methyl thioacetate functions as a bacterial volatile organic compound. S-Methyl thioacetate can be used for the research of plant-parasitic nematode infection .
2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin, Germacranolide, is an Antifungal and Antibacterial agent. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin can be isolated from Elephantopus tomentosus Linn and E. mollis. 2-Deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin is moderately active against Candida albicans (14 mm clearing zone) and slightly active against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 mm), Bacillus subtilis (14 mm), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (13 mm) .
Rugulotrosin A is an antibiotic originally isolated from Penicillium. It is active against the Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with 99% lethal dose (LD99) values of 1.6, 3.1, 5.5, and 200 μg/mL, respectively.1 Rugulotrosin A is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria.
γ-Chloronorvaline has the activity of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serrata, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis in the synthetic medium, but has no effect on Escherichia coli .
Cinosulfuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinosulfuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gypsogenin is a selective mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki=19.99 μM) that also exhibits significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Gypsogenin inhibits tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis. Gypsogenin displays antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and often serves as a key parent nucleus for the synthesis of anticancer compounds. Gypsogenin is widely used in research on Alzheimer's disease and various cancers including colon cancer, melanoma, and leukemia .
Longistyline A (Longistylin A) is a natural stilbene, it can be isolated from leaves of Cajanus cajan. Longistyline A shows antimicrobial activity against MRSA with an MIC value of 1.56 μg/mL. Longistyline A shows neuroprotective effects, it can be used for the research of infection and nerve diseases .
Pyloricidin A1 is an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori found in Bacillus sp. HC-70. Pyloricidin A1 has strong anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pyloricidin A1 has no activity against other bacteria and yeast .
Pyloricidin A2 is an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori found in Bacillus sp. HC-70. Pyloricidin A2 has strong anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pyloricidin A2 has no activity against other bacteria and yeast .
Polymyxin D2 is an antibiotic discovered from Bacillus polymyxa, exhibiting antibacterial activity. Its core structure consists of a cyclic heptapeptide moiety and a tripeptide side chain with a fatty acyl residue. Polymyxin D2 can be used in anti-infective research .
Tyrothricin is a polypeptide antibiotic mixture isolated from Bacillus brevis and consists of tyrocidines and gramicidins. Tyrothricin shows activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Tyrothricin containing formulations are used in sore throat agents and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds .
Linearmycin B is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Linearmycin B shows activity against Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). Candida albicans (Ca), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), with MIC values of 0.097, 1.5, 0.0008, and 0.0002 μg/mL, respectively .
Germicidin C is a microbial metabolite with antibacterial activity, which is found in the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus niger. Germicidin C can inhibit the growth of various pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL .
1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a ubiquitous bicyclic intermediate metabolite in the microbial degradation process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid can be converted into 1,2-naphthalenediol, which enters the naphthalene degradation pathway and participates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to achieve complete mineralization .
Blepharotriol is a phenolic triterpene that can be found in Maytenus blepharodes. Blepharotriol shows antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 8-4 µg/ml for Bacillus subtilis. Blepharotriol shows cytotoxic activity with IC50s of 12.2, >20, >20 µM for HeLa, Hep-2, Vero cells, respectively .
Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis .
3-Methoxybenzoic acid (3-Anisic acid; NSC 27014; m-Methoxybenzoic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methoxybenzoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methoxybenzoic acid is a substituted benzoic acid and precursor for synthesis of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus spp .
Macrocarpal A (10-epi-Eucarobustol F) is an antibacterial agent, which can be isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus macrocarpa. Macrocarpal A inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 (minimum inhibitory concentration below 0.2 µM) and Staphylococcus aureus FDA209P (minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.4 µM) .
Lankamycin, a macrolide antibiotic, shows moderate antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive bacteria, acting as a synergistic pair with carbocyclic antibiotic Lankacidin C (HY-121412) by binding to the ribosome exit tunnel .
Cuevaene A can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene A displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
(R)-4-Methoxydalbergione is a urease inhibitor with IC50s of 59.72 and 67.33 μM for Bacillus pasteurii urease and Jack bean urease. (R)-4-Methoxydalbergione also has antiplasmodial activity. (R)-4-Methoxydalbergione can be isolated from Ranunculus repens .
Rhizocarpic acid (Compound 2) is a secondary metabolite of lichen. Rhizocarpic acid effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as murine myeloma NS-1 cells. Rhizocarpic acid is an antioxidant and an insect antifeedant with an ED50 of 71 μmol/g dry weight against neonate larvae of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis .
Aspergillumarin A is a dihydroisocoumarin derivative with various biological activity. Aspergillumarin A inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.. Aspergillumarin A exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Aspergillumarin A can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Cuevaene B can be isolated from the strain of gdmAI-disrupted Streptomyces sp. LZ35 and. Cuevaene B displays moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 11060) and modest activity against fungi (e.g., Fusarium verticillioides strain S68 and Rhizoctonia solani strain GXE4) .
Nanangenine F is a drimane sesquiterpenoid with weak antibacterial and anticancer activities. Nanangenine F inhibits Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with an IC50 of 78 µg/mL. Nanangenine F inhibits NS-1, DU-145, MCF-7 and human fibroblast NFF cells with IC50s of 49 µg/mL, 95 µg/mL, 49 µg/mL, and 84 µg/mL, respectively .
Rhizocticin A is an antifungal phosphono-oligopeptide against Ascodesmis, Plicaria, Rhizoctonia with MIC of 3.5 μg/mL. Rhizocticin A produces toxic L-2-Amino-5-phospho-3-cis-pentenoic acid (L-APPA), which may interfere with cell metabolism .
Epoxyquinomicin B is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 6.25-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210 with IC50 of 16.3 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin B exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Enfumafungin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enfumafungin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside, is isolated from extracts derived from fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Enfumafungin is an antifungal compound that is acting on the fungal cell wall, as the (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin is specific for yeasts and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis[1][2].
Epoxyquinomicin A is an antibiotic that can be isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteurella piscicida and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 3-12.5 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell L1210, B16 and S180 with IC50 of 2-8 µg/mL. Epoxyquinomicin A exhibits anti-inflammatory effects against collagen-induced arthritis .
Mazethramycin B (Compound II) is an antitumor antibiotic. Mazethramycin B can be isolated from the Streptomyces thioluteusM ME561-L4. Mazethramycin B has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (such as MICs of 1.56 and 6.25 μg/mL for the bacteria Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 and the fungus Candida pseudotropicalis, resepectively). Mazethramycin B significantly increases survival in L1210 leukemia mice model .
Sedoheptulose is a heptulose. Sedoheptulose, in the form of phosphate esters, functions as a metabolic intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. Sedoheptulose serves as a starting material for the chemical synthesis of pseudoaminosugars and chiral substituted furans .
Bacillibactin (Corynebactin) is a cyclic tricatecholate siderophore. Bacillibactin’s primary function is to facilitate bacterial iron acquisition by chelating iron ions (Fe 3+) from the environment, thereby aiding bacterial survival under iron-limited conditions. Bacillibactin exhibits direct antimicrobial activity, such as inhibition of the growth of the producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas veronae, as well as plant pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae.Bacillibactin can be used in antibacterial and antifungal research .
Ceftezole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ceftezole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ceftezole sodium (CTZ sodium) is a broad-spectrum cephem antibiotic against many species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftezole sodium (CTZ sodium) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with in vivo anti-diabetic activity .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Monascorubrin is a compound that can be isolated from Monascus mycelia. Monascorubrin has activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory. Monascorubrin also has certain embryotoxicity, with an ED50 of 4.3 μg for chicken embryos. Monascorubrin can be used for the research of tumors and inflammatory diseases .
14-epi-Berkeleylactone F (Compound 8) is a C-14 epimer of Berkeleylactone F (HY-N8386). 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F can be isolated from Penicillium turbatum NRRL 5630. 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F has no significant biological activity against bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli), fungi Candida albicans, the parasite Giardia duodenalis and NS-1 murine myeloma cells .
10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin is a prenylated flavonoid compound with antibacterial activity, which can be isolated from propolis of the Solomon Islands. 4'-O-Methyl-8-prenylnaringenin exerts its antibacterial activity by enhancing cell penetration and damaging bacterial cell membranes or cell walls. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are 32 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL, and 128 μg/mL, respectively .
Evoxine (Haplophytin B) is a compound that selectively inhibits CO2-induced immunosuppression and has activity in inhibiting the expression of interleukin-6 and chemokine CCL2 in human THP-1 macrophages. Evoxine shows antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, especially performing well in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Evoxine extracts may find application in crude drug preparations in West Africa, provided that their in vivo toxicity results are negative .
10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Sabinene hydrate is a volatile organic compound of a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol. Sabinene hydrate, as a plant secondary metabolite, is naturally present in various plants and their essential oils. Sabinene hydrate exhibits broad-spectrum but varying-intensity antibacterial activity, with the greatest sensitivity to Gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 0.0312 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.0625 mg/mL). Sabinene hydrate also shows certain sensitivity to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with MIC values of 0.125 mg/mL for both. Sabinene hydrate can be used in the research of the ecological functions of plant defense substances .
Ducloudine C is an alkaloid present in the roots of Aconitum duclouxii with antifungal activity. Ducloudine C has an MIC of 128 μg/mL against Candida albicans .
6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene (Compound 6) is a diterpenoid found in Premna obtusifolia with antibacterial activity. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can significantly inhibit the release of the inflammatory mediator NO, with an IC50 value of 29.1 μM. 6α,11,12-Trihydroxy-7β,20-epoxy-8,11,13-abietatriene can be used for the researches of infection and inflammation .
(-)-(E)-Guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats .
D-Arabitol (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Arabitol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
(-)-(E) -guggulsterone (Standard) is the analytical standard for (-)-(E) -guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) (HY-N7781). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
10-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Aldgamycin E is a neutral macrolide antibiotic that can be derived from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lavendulae. Aldgamycin E has antibacterial activity .
Pimelic acid (Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) is a seven-carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a downstream product of fatty acid synthesis. Pimelic acid is a key precursor in biotin biosynthesis. Pimelic acid can be converted to pimelic acid-CoA by the BioW enzyme, thereby bypassing exogenous biotin requirements to support growth in various biotinytrophic bacteria and fungi, and reversing antibiotic-induced inhibition of biotin synthesis. Furthermore, Pimelic acid has been proposed as a highly specific biomarker for oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Pimelic acid can be used to study retinopathy of preterm infants, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and microbial biotin metabolism .
Tunicamycin A1 (Tunicamycin 14:1; Tunicamycin II; Tunicamycin C) is an antibiotic. Tunicamycin A1 exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of bacterial. Tunicamycin A1 can be used in studies related to bacterial infections .
10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid (zinc salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt (Undecylenic acid zinc salt) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid zinc salt inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (NSC 49139) is an endogenous metabolite. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine in produced in food systems of two whey protein hydrolysates, obtained using either trypsin or proteinase from Aspergillus melleus. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be qualitatively monitored using a stable isotope dilution assay. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can also be generated via microbial mechanisms using Bacillus subtilis. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine can be oxidized to form 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, which is the intermediate in the synthesis of antilipoltic agent. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine is a volatile compound that can give a roasted peanut flavor .
Isopteropodine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isopteropodine (HY-N4157). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isopteropodine is a positive modulator that selectively acts on muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Isopteropodine has an EC50 of 9.92 μM for acetylcholine and 14.5 μM for 5-HT. Isopteropodine also has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs of 150 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Isopteropodine enhances receptor function by increasing the affinity of agonists for receptors and can also inhibit the growth of specific Gram-positive bacteria, and can be used in cognitive impairment and antibacterial research .
Flindersine is an alkaloid with multiple activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties. Flindersine increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, restores the levels of renal biomarkers, and reduces blood glucose, blood lipid, and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Flindersine inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria, as well as dermatophytes, filamentous fungi, and yeasts. Flindersine reduces the viability of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Flindersine can be used in research related to breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, bacterial infections, and fungal infections .
Micronomicin sulfate (Gentamicin C2b sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Micromonospora. Micronomicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic close to the gentamicin-type antibiotics, exhibits a high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc (MIC=0.001-8.3 μg/ml) .
Cellooctaose is an oligosaccharide, consisting of eight glucose residues. Cellooctaose is a low-cost polysaccharides in fermentation to hold on Lactococcus lactis recombinant strain growth. Cellooctaose is the substrate of beta-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) .
Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC50 = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .
Petalostemumol G is a flavonol derivative present in Petalostemum purpureum. Petalostemum G has no antibacterial activity. Petalostemumol G is formed by air oxidation of petalostemumol .
(9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a nature product that could be isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cassonia barteri (Araliaceae) leaves. (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol has antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, moiluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata . (9Z)-9,17-Octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Chorismic acid is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and vitamins, as well as a key metabolite in tRNA modification. Chorismic acid is a critical metabolite for the synthesis of cmo 5U. Deficiency of Chorismic acid inhibits the formation of cmo 5U and mcmo 5U. Chorismic acid can be used in studies of S. typhimurium and E. coli infections .\n
Kaempferol-3-O-a-L-(3'',4''-di-Z-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside is a 3-O-(coumaroyl-rhamnopyranosyl)-flavonol compound found in the leaf extract of Machilus philippinense Merr. .
Benzylideneacetone (Benzalacetone) is an orally active antibiotic, tyrosinase inhibitor, phospholipase A2 inhibitor, and immunosuppressant. Benzylideneacetone has antibacterial activity against some gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria. Benzylideneacetone can also be used in the synthesis of chemicals and drugs, and as a flavoring additive for some foods .
1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane is an indole alkaloid. It is isolated from North Sea bacteria closely related to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1,1,3-Tris (3-indolyl) butane shows no activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi .
Koninginin D is a potent antifungal agent that can be isolated from fungi including Trichoderma applanatum. Koninginin D inhibits growth of various fungal species including Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and so on. Koninginin D can be used for the research of fungal infection .
(E)-Ferulic acid acyl-β-D-glucoside ((E)-Ferulic acid glucoside) (compoun 4C) is an acyl-β-D-glucoside that can be isolated from Riesling Wine. (E)-Ferulic acid acyl-β-D-glucoside exhibits antioxidant activity .
Desaspidin is an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and photophosphorylation inhibitor. Desaspidin uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, multiple chloroplast photophosphorylation pathways, and ATP synthesis linked to non-cyclic NADP reduction. Desaspidin can be used for the research of anthelmintic agent .
Antifungal agent 158 is an α-pyrone derivative that can be found in Trichoderma harzianum, exhibiting antifungal activity against select plant-pathogenic fungi, including Chaetomium spp., Curvularia lunata, and Aspergillus flavus. Antifungal agent 158 is non-toxic to greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants. Antifungal agent 158 can be used for research on Aspergillus flavus infection .
Ambigol C is an ambigol, Antibacterial agent and Antimalarial agent. Ambigol C is isolated from Fischerella ambigua 108b. Ambigol C exhibits selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains (including MRSA) with MIC values of 0.98-3.91 μg/mL. Ambigol C also shows potent antibacterial activity against B. megaterium, and possesses weak antimalarial and trypanocidal effects. Ambigol C can be used in the research of bacterial infections, plasmodial infections and trypanosomal infections .
Xanthobaccin A is a potent antibiotic that can be isolated from the culture fluid of Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SB-K88. Xanthobaccin A exhibits activity against fungi and G+ bacteria, induces zoospore immobilization and lysis, inhibits mycelial growth. Xanthobaccin A can be used for the research of beet damping-off disease, bacterial and fungal infection .
Andrimid is a peptide Antibiotic and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. Andrimid is produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus *Enterobacter* residing in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Andrimid exhibits strong specific activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Andrimid shows no or only weak activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most plant pathogenic bacteria. Andrimid can be used in studies related to bacterial infections and rice bacterial blight .
Ristomycin sulfate is an antibacterial antibiotic and platelet aggregation inducer. Ristomycin sulfate interacts with the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of bacterial cell wall precursors to regulate bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ristomycin sulfate induces platelet aggregation in vitro and inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Ristomycin sulfate serves as an in vitro diagnostic compound for detecting von Willebrand factor activity. Ristomycin sulfate is applicable to research related to von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome .
Cajanol is an isoflavanone that can be isolated from the roots of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. . Cajanol inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis. Cajanol promotes the expression of Bax, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, activates caspase-9 and caspase-3, induces PARP cleavage, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, generates ROS, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and triggers cytochrome c release. Cajanol induces bacterial DNA damage, disrupts bacterial cell membranes, and exerts antibacterial activity in vitro. Cajanol reduces the expression of PI3K, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB, downregulates the expression and transport function of P-gp, restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to Paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of Paclitaxel-resistant metastatic ovarian tumors. Cajanol is applicable to research related to breast cancer, ovarian cancer and bacterial infections .
Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is a potent antifungal inhibitor of chitin synthesis. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is potently antifungal against human pathogenic Candida species (IC50 = 1-2 μM). Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione is detected in feijoa cultivars with high antifungal bioactivity. Cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione can be used for the research of fungal infections .
Catalase proteins play an essential role in cellular defense mechanisms by catalyzing the degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a reactive oxygen species produced by peroxisomal oxidases, into water and oxygen. crucial role. This enzyme activity is an important line of defense, protecting cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase Protein, Bacillus is the recombinant Catalase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
Catalase proteins play an essential role in cellular defense mechanisms by catalyzing the degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a reactive oxygen species produced by peroxisomal oxidases, into water and oxygen. crucial role. This enzyme activity is an important line of defense, protecting cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase Protein, Bacillus (FLAG, His) is the recombinant Catalase protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-Flag labeled tag.
The InuB protein plays a key role in promoting the bacterium's ability to metabolize sucrose as a sole carbon source. This protein functions as an integral part of the bacterial metabolic process, allowing it to efficiently utilize sucrose for energy and growth. inuB Protein, Bacillus licheniformis is the recombinant inuB protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
L-arabinose isomerase is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and plays a key role in catalyzing the conversion of L-arabinose to L-ribulose. This enzymatic activity is part of a broader biochemical pathway involved in the interconversion of sugars. L-arabinose isomerase Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant L-arabinose isomerase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
The InuB protein plays a key role in promoting the bacterium's ability to metabolize sucrose as a sole carbon source. This protein functions as an integral part of the bacterial metabolic process, allowing it to efficiently utilize sucrose for energy and growth. inuB Protein, Bacillus licheniformis (His) is the recombinant inuB protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
L-arabinose isomerase is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and plays a key role in catalyzing the conversion of L-arabinose to L-ribulose. This enzymatic activity is part of a broader biochemical pathway involved in the interconversion of sugars. L-arabinose isomerase Protein, Bacillus subtilis (His) is the recombinant L-arabinose isomerase protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Monomeric sarcosine oxidase protein is pivotal in cellular metabolism, catalyzing the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine. Its enzymatic activity facilitates the removal of a methyl group from sarcosine, contributing to metabolic transformations in various biochemical pathways. This process underscores the protein's significance in regulating cellular methyl group transfers, emphasizing its crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. monomeric sarcosine oxidase Protein, Bacillus sp. is the recombinant monomeric sarcosine oxidase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, an esterase, selectively removes acetyl groups from substrates like acetylated xylose and cephalosporin C. Its catalytic activity excludes polymeric acetylated xylan and amide linkages, highlighting its nuanced, targeted deacetylation function. Cephalosporin C deacetylase Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant Cephalosporin C deacetylase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
Monomeric sarcosine oxidase protein is pivotal in cellular metabolism, catalyzing the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine. Its enzymatic activity facilitates the removal of a methyl group from sarcosine, contributing to metabolic transformations in various biochemical pathways. This process underscores the protein's significance in regulating cellular methyl group transfers, emphasizing its crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. monomeric sarcosine oxidase Protein, Bacillus sp. (His) is the recombinant monomeric sarcosine oxidase protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
IDO Protein, an enzyme, is involved in the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. Dysregulation of IDO Protein has been associated with immune suppression and tumor development. Targeting IDO Protein may present potential therapeutic approaches in cancer by modulating tryptophan metabolism, restoring immune responses, and inhibiting tumor growth. ido Protein, Bacillus thuringiensis is the recombinant ido protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
IDO Protein, an enzyme, is involved in the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. Dysregulation of IDO Protein has been associated with immune suppression and tumor development. Targeting IDO Protein may present potential therapeutic approaches in cancer by modulating tryptophan metabolism, restoring immune responses, and inhibiting tumor growth. ido Protein, Bacillus thuringiensis (FLAG, His) is the recombinant ido protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-Flag labeled tag.
The gucD protein is an important enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible ammonia removal of L-kynurenine to generate kynurenic acid (KA). This process is part of the tryptophan catabolic pathway and produces KA, known for its broad-spectrum antagonistic activity at excitatory amino acid receptors. gucD Protein, Bacillus subtilis is the recombinant gucD protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
TMK proteins play a central role by catalyzing the phosphorylation of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), a key step in the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP). This process converts dTMP into deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP), an important intermediate in dTTP biosynthesis. TMK Protein, Bacillus anthracis (His) is the recombinant TMK protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Nitroreductase is an enzyme that reduces nitro groups on substrates to amino groups. Nitroreductase plays a role in the bioactivation of prodrugs particularly in applications related to cancer therapeutic strategies. Nitroreductase Protein, B. subtilis (His) is the recombinant Nitroreductase protein, expressed by E. coli, with His tag.
The Dit protein is an important component that forms a 40 Å wide channel distal to the tail in its homohexameric structure. This unique channel structure plays a crucial role in cellular processes and may facilitate DNA ejection. Dit Protein, Bacillus phage SPP1 is the recombinant Dit protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
inuB Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived inuB, expressed by E. coli , with His labeled tag. inuB Protein, Human (His) Total length 492 Preliminary acid, Add suffix 5 Preliminary acid (R) Increase positive charge Classification Flag. Due to the quality of the acid, the heavy-duty protein can be used at the end of a positive electric charge, and the electric absorption power of the converter is strong.
YUAB is an important contributor to biofilm formation, self-polymerizing to form a hydrophobic layer with excellent stability and resistance to mechanical compression. YUAB is essential for complex colony structure, interacting synergistically with exopolysaccharides and TasA amyloid fibrils to facilitate biofilm matrix assembly. YUAB Protein, Bacillus subtilis (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant YUAB protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
The Dit protein is an important component that forms a 40 Å wide channel distal to the tail in its homohexameric structure. This unique channel structure plays a crucial role in cellular processes and may facilitate DNA ejection. Dit Protein, Bacillus phage SPP1 (FLAG, His) is the recombinant Dit protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-Flag labeled tag.
The gucD protein is an important enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible ammonia removal of L-kynurenine to generate kynurenic acid (KA). This process is part of the tryptophan catabolic pathway and produces KA, known for its broad-spectrum antagonistic activity at excitatory amino acid receptors. gucD Protein, Bacillus subtilis (His, Strep) is the recombinant gucD protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-Strep, N-6*His labeled tag.
Dalbavancin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Dalbavancin . Dalbavancin (MDL-63397) is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Dalbavancin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis with MIC90s of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively .
γ-Glu-(Phe-13C9,15N) (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine-13C9,15N) TFA is the 13C- and 15N-labeled γ-Glu-Phe TFA (HY-101399A). γ-Glu-Phe TFA is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe TFA or the post-enzymatic reaction mixture enhances the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken broth .
γ-Decalactone-d7 is deuterated labeled γ-Decalactone. γ-Decalactone is a natural flavoring substance with the fruity aroma of juicy peaches. γ-Decalactone can be used as a food additive .
γ-Glu-(Phe- 13C9, 15N) is the 13C and 15N labeled isotope of γ-Glu-Phe(HY-101399).γ-Glu-Phe or the postenzymatic reaction mixture enhanced the umami intensity of commercial soy sauce and model chicken soup.
D-Arabitol- 13C is the 13C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
D-Arabitol- 13C-1 is the 13C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
D-Arabitol- 13C-2 is the 13C labeled D-Arabitol. D-Arabitol is an orally active D-enantiomer of arabitol. D-Arabitol modulates the composition of gut microbiota, increases short-chain fatty acids, and promotes AMPK-PGC-1α-related browning of white adipose tissue. D-Arabitol improves weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, lipid deposition and inflammatory responses. D-Arabitol serves as the sole carbon/energy source for Bacillus methanolicus MGA3, a strain that can co-utilize it with mannitol. D-Arabitol is applicable to obesity-related research.
N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine-d2 is the deuterium labeled N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine (HY-N18530). N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine is a key metabolic marker in the biosynthesis and maturation of colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine acts as a biomarker for detecting colibactin. N-Myristoyl-D-asparagine exhibits mild growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610.
Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate (APBADP) is an adenylosuccinate lyase substrate analog and competitive inhibitor. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate binds to the tetramers of *Bacillus subtilis* adenylosuccinate lyase and wild-type human adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenosine phosphonobutyric, 2'(3'), 5'-diposphate can be used for research on adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency .
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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